{"title":"Douglas A Irwin","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"free-trade-under-fire-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691201009","title":"Free Trade under Fire","description":"An updated look at global trade and why it remains as controversial as ever  Free trade is always under attack, more than ever in recent years. The imposition of numerous U.S. tariffs in 2018, and the retaliation those tariffs have drawn, has thrust trade issues to the top of the policy agenda. Critics contend that free trade brings economic pain, including plant closings and worker layoffs, and that trade agreements serve corporate interests, undercut domestic environmental regulations, and erode national sovereignty. Why are global trade and agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In Free Trade under Fire, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that run rampant in the debate over trade and gives readers a clear understanding of the issues involved. In its fifth edition, the book has been updated to address the sweeping new policy developments under the Trump administration and the latest research on the impact of trade.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49539081142545,"sku":"GOR013662304","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49916540682513,"sku":"CIN0691201005VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50216599978257,"sku":"CIN0691201005G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51005709877521,"sku":"NIN9780691201009","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0691201005.jpg?v=1750700302"},{"product_id":"free-trade-under-fire-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691116341","title":"Free Trade under Fire","description":"The 1990s began with fears of a \"great sucking sound\" of jobs lost due to the North American Free Trade Agreement and ended with opponents of the World Trade Organization taking to the streets in the \"Battle of Seattle\". Why has global trade become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In this book, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and aims to give the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. Putting the findings of an extensive body of economic research at the disposal of the general public, Irwin examines the positions of the proponents and critics of free trade - and makes plain the stakes involved in their disagreement, particularly for the United States. He explains the economic benefits of trade, not just for corporations but for people and the environment. He illustrates how protectionist policies damage the economy and fail to save jobs. Examining US trade policy, he shows how \"fair trade\" measures are arbitrary, unfair, and often harmful. He then attempts to demystify the World Trade Organization and set the record straight about its controversial rulings on trade and the environment. Irwin does not hold up free trade as a panacea but demonstrates why it is our best alternative.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49545728786705,"sku":"GOR005942713","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0691116342.jpg?v=1751168241"},{"product_id":"free-trade-under-fire-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691088433","title":"Free Trade under Fire","description":"The 1990s began with fears of a \"great sucking sound\" of jobs lost due to the North American Free Trade Agreement and ended with opponents of the World Trade Organization taking to the streets in the \"Battle of Seattle\". Why has global trade become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In this book, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and aims to give the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. Putting the findings of an extensive body of economic research at the disposal of the general public, Irwin examines the positions of the proponents and critics of free trade - and makes plain the stakes involved in their disagreement, particularly for the United States. He explains the economic benefits of trade, not just for corporations but for people and the environment. He illustrates how protectionist policies damage the economy and fail to save jobs. Examining US trade policy, he shows how \"fair trade\" measures are arbitrary, unfair, and often harmful. He then attempts to demystify the World Trade Organization and set the record straight about its controversial rulings on trade and the environment. Irwin does not hold up free trade as a panacea but demonstrates why it is our best alternative.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49588754448657,"sku":"GOR003773897","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50093015171345,"sku":"GOR009051651","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0691088438.jpg?v=1750912243"},{"product_id":"peddling-protectionism-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691150321","title":"Peddling Protectionism","description":"The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, which raised U.S. duties on hundreds of imported goods to record levels, is America's most infamous trade law. It is often associated with--and sometimes blamed for--the onset of the Great Depression, the collapse of world trade, and the global spread of protectionism in the 1930s. Even today, the ghosts of congressmen Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley haunt anyone arguing for higher trade barriers; almost single-handedly, they made protectionism an insult rather than a compliment. In Peddling Protectionism, Douglas Irwin provides the first comprehensive history of the causes and effects of this notorious measure, explaining why it largely deserves its reputation for combining bad politics and bad economics and harming the U.S. and world economies during the Depression. In four brief, clear chapters, Irwin presents an authoritative account of the politics behind Smoot-Hawley, its economic consequences, the foreign reaction it provoked, and its aftermath and legacy. Starting as a Republican ploy to win the farm vote in the 1928 election by increasing duties on agricultural imports, the tariff quickly grew into a logrolling, pork barrel free-for-all in which duties were increased all around, regardless of the interests of consumers and exporters. After Herbert Hoover signed the bill, U.S. imports fell sharply and other countries retaliated by increasing tariffs on American goods, leading U.S. exports to shrivel as well. While Smoot-Hawley was hardly responsible for the Great Depression, Irwin argues, it contributed to a decline in world trade and provoked discrimination against U.S. exports that lasted decades. Peddling Protectionism tells a fascinating story filled with valuable lessons for trade policy today.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49668337729809,"sku":"GOR005705128","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51297577435409,"sku":"CIN069115032XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53633541996817,"sku":"CIN069115032XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/069115032X.jpg?v=1750944555"},{"product_id":"clashing-over-commerce-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780226678443","title":"Clashing Over Commerce","description":"Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in The Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer.    Douglas A. Irwin's Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation--first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress.   As the Trump administration considers making major changes to US trade policy, Irwin's sweeping historical perspective helps illuminate the current debate. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49731141632273,"sku":"NGR9780226678443","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49786780549393,"sku":"CIN022667844XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50761634775313,"sku":"CIN022667844XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51388991963409,"sku":"NIN9780226678443","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":51769156108561,"sku":"GOR014395768","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022667844X.jpg?v=1751259497"},{"product_id":"free-trade-under-fire-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691143156","title":"Free Trade under Fire","description":"Growing international trade has helped lift living standards around the world, and yet free trade is always under attack. Critics complain that trade forces painful economic adjustments, such as plant closings and layoffs of workers, and charge that the World Trade Organization serves the interests of corporations, undercuts domestic environmental regulations, and erodes America's sovereignty. Why has global trade become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In \"Free Trade under Fire\", Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and gives the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. This third edition has been thoroughly updated to include the latest developments in world trade - including the practice of off-shoring services, the impact of trade on wages, and the implications of trade with China-based on the latest research.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49927125008657,"sku":"CIN0691143153VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51716443341073,"sku":"CIN0691143153G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0691143153.jpg?v=1750700209"},{"product_id":"peddling-protectionism-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691178066","title":"Peddling Protectionism","description":"The Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, which raised U.S. duties on hundreds of imported goods to record levels, is America's most infamous trade law. It is often associated with--and sometimes blamed for--the onset of the Great Depression, the collapse of world trade, and the global spread of protectionism in the 1930s. Even today, the ghosts of congressmen Reed Smoot and Willis Hawley haunt anyone arguing for higher trade barriers; almost single-handedly, they made protectionism an insult rather than a compliment. In Peddling Protectionism, Douglas Irwin provides the first comprehensive history of the causes and effects of this notorious measure, explaining why it largely deserves its reputation for combining bad politics and bad economics and harming the U.S. and world economies during the Depression. In four brief, clear chapters, Irwin presents an authoritative account of the politics behind Smoot-Hawley, its economic consequences, the foreign reaction it provoked, and its aftermath and legacy. Starting as a Republican ploy to win the farm vote in the 1928 election by increasing duties on agricultural imports, the tariff quickly grew into a logrolling, pork barrel free-for-all in which duties were increased all around, regardless of the interests of consumers and exporters. After Herbert Hoover signed the bill, U.S. imports fell sharply and other countries retaliated by increasing tariffs on American goods, leading U.S. exports to shrivel as well. While Smoot-Hawley was hardly responsible for the Great Depression, Irwin argues, it contributed to a decline in world trade and provoked discrimination against U.S. exports that lasted decades. Featuring a new preface by the author, Peddling Protectionism tells a fascinating story filled with valuable lessons for trade policy today.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50011394244881,"sku":"CIN0691178062G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51005759357201,"sku":"NIN9780691178066","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51937507672337,"sku":"CIN0691178062VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0691178062.jpg?v=1751136372"},{"product_id":"against-the-tide-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691011387","title":"Against the Tide","description":"About two hundred years ago, largely as a result of Adam Smith's \"Wealth of Nations\", free trade achieved an intellectual status unrivaled by any other doctrine in the field of economics. What accounts for the success of free trade against then prevailing mercantilist doctrines? And how well has free trade withstood various theoretical attacks that have challenged it since Adam Smith's time? In this readable intellectual history, Douglas Irwin explains how the idea of free trade has endured against the tide of the abundant criticisms that have been leveled against it from the ancient world and Adam Smith's day through the present. An accessible, nontechnical look at one of the most important concepts in the field of economics, \"Against the Tide\" will allow the reader to put the ever new guises of protectionist thinking into the context of the past and discover why the idea of free trade has so successfully prevailed over time. Irwin traces the origins of the free trade doctrine from premercantilist times up to Adam Smith and the classical economists. In lucid and careful terms he shows how Smith's compelling arguments in favour of free trade overthrew merchantilist views that domestic industries should be protected from import competition. Once a presumption about the economic benefits of free trade was established, various objections to free trade arose in the form of major arguments for protectionism, such as those relating to the terms of trade, infant industries, increasing returns, wage distortions, income distribution, unemployment, and strategic trade policy. Discussing the contentious historical controversies surrounding each of these arguments, Irwin reveals the serious analytical and practical weaknesses of each, and in the process shows why free trade remains among the most durable and robust propositions that economics has to offer for the conduct of economic policy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50358939877649,"sku":"CIN0691011389G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0691011389.jpg?v=1751231721"},{"product_id":"three-simple-principles-of-trade-policy-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780844770796","title":"Three Simple Principles of Trade Policy","description":"The author argues that a tax on imports commensurately creates a tax on exports, and that trade imbalances reflect capital flows between countries.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51008639238417,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51008642449681,"sku":"NIN9780844770796","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52331856757009,"sku":"NLS9780844770796","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0844770795.jpg?v=1751363186"},{"product_id":"floating-exchange-rates-at-fifty-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780881327496","title":"Floating Exchange Rates at Fifty","description":"Fifty years ago, in March 1973, the major industrial economies abandoned fixed exchange rates, conclusively ending the post-World War II Bretton Woods arrangements. Proponents believed their action would strengthen countries' ability to reconcile domestic macroeconomic policies with the balance of payments. But opponents feared it would initiate a new era of instability and financial shocks. Since 1973, much of the world has moved away from fixed exchange rates to a variety of regimes based on considerable exchange rate flexibility. But international trade conflicts and unstable capital flows, along with a rise in financial crises around the world, have nonetheless accompanied the global shift away from exchange rate pegs.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e How has the international monetary system performed over the past half century? What have we learned from the experience of more flexible exchange rates? What has been the impact on macroeconomic and financial stability in the years since? This book derives from papers delivered at a conference that brought together leading economists and policymakers to debate and discuss these questions, as well as to assess the evolution of the international monetary system, the dominance of the US dollar, and the role of exchange rate regimes in shaping the world economy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51079447085329,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51079447511313,"sku":"CIN0881327492G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":53148938666257,"sku":"NGR9780881327496","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53614489567505,"sku":"CIN0881327492VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0881327492.jpg?v=1769248328"},{"product_id":"free-trade-under-fire-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780691122472","title":"Free Trade under Fire","description":"Growing world trade has helped lift living standards around the world, and yet free trade is always under attack by opponents. Critics complain that trade forces painful economic adjustments, such as plant closings and layoffs of workers, and charge that the World Trade Organization serves the interests of corporations, undercuts domestic environmental regulations, and erodes America's sovereignty. Why has global trade become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In Free Trade under Fire, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and gives the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. This second edition includes a new chapter on trade and developing countries and updates the entire text to deal with new issues such as outsourcing and steel tariffs.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51885371851025,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51885372309777,"sku":"CIN0691122474G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780691122472.jpg?v=1754569292"},{"product_id":"jacob-viner-book-douglas-a-irwin-9781412851664","title":"Jacob Viner","description":"This book presents, for the first time, a detailed transcription of Jacob Viner's Economics 301 class as taught in 1930. These lecture notes provide insight into the legacy of Jacob Viner, whose seminal contributions to fields such as international economics and the history of economics are well known, but whose impact in sparking the revival of Marshallian microeconomics in the United States via his classroom teaching has been less appreciated.  Generations of graduate students at the University of Chicago have taken Economics 301. The course has been taught by such luminaries as Milton Friedman and Gary Becker, and remains an introduction to the analytical tools of microeconomics and the distinctive Chicago way of thinking about the market system. This demanding and rigorous course first became famous in the 1930s when it was taught by Jacob Viner.  When read in tandem with the Transaction editions of Milton Friedman's Price Theory, Frank Knight's The Economic Organization, and Gary Becker's Economic Theory, Viner's lectures provide the reader with important insights into the formative period of Chicago price theory. These recently discovered notes from Viner's class will be important for historians of economic thought and anyone interested in the origins of the Chicago School of Economics.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52355258286353,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52355258712337,"sku":"NLS9781412851664","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781412851664.jpg?v=1758184809"},{"product_id":"founding-choices-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780226384757","title":"Founding Choices","description":"The political decisions made by the founding fathers were crucial to the success of the early republic. This title explores these economic choices and their profound influence on American life, westward expansion, and influence abroad.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52410600587537,"sku":"CIN0226384756VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":52782406664465,"sku":"CIN0226384756A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226384757.jpg?v=1758778849"},{"product_id":"genesis-of-the-gatt-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780521142069","title":"The Genesis of the GATT","description":"This book is part of a wider project on the economic logic behind the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This volume asks: What does the historical record indicate about the aims and objectives of the framers of the GATT? Where did the provisions of the GATT come from and how did they evolve through various international meetings and drafts? To what extent does the historical record provide support for one or more of the economic rationales for the GATT? This book examines the motivations and contributions of the two main framers of the GATT, the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as the smaller role of other countries. The framers desired a commercial agreement on trade practices as well as negotiated reductions in trade barriers. Both were sought as a way to expand international trade to promote world prosperity, restrict the use of discriminatory policies to reduce conflict over trade, and thereby establish economic foundations for maintaining world peace.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52431013839121,"sku":"NLS9780521142069","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52735528927505,"sku":"NIN9780521142069","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53190516637969,"sku":"GOR014797321","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53216356958481,"sku":"GOR014809945","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780521142069.jpg?v=1759171289"},{"product_id":"trade-policy-disaster-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780262553834","title":"Trade Policy Disaster","description":"When Myles Cabot is accidentally transmitted to the planet Venus, he finds himself naked and bewildered on a mystery world where every unguarded minute might mean a horrible death. Man-eating plants, tiger-sized spiders, and dictatorial ant-men keep Myles on the run until he discovers the secret of the land: that humans are a slave-race and that the monster-sized ants are the real rulers of the world  But Cabot is resourceful, and when his new-found love, the princess Lilla, calls for help, the ant-men learn what an angry Earthman can do. THE RADIO MAN is a science-fiction adventure packed with the excitement of an Edgar Rice Burroughs, and the scientific vision of an H. G. Wells. You won't be able to put it down once you start reading","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52660891517201,"sku":"NLS9780262553834","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780262553834.jpg?v=1762266223"},{"product_id":"genesis-of-the-gatt-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780521515610","title":"The Genesis of the GATT","description":"This book is part of a wider project on the economic logic behind the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This volume asks: What does the historical record indicate about the aims and objectives of the framers of the GATT? Where did the provisions of the GATT come from and how did they evolve through various international meetings and drafts? To what extent does the historical record provide support for one or more of the economic rationales for the GATT? This book examines the motivations and contributions of the two main framers of the GATT, the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as the smaller role of other countries. The framers desired a commercial agreement on trade practices as well as negotiated reductions in trade barriers. Both were sought as a way to expand international trade to promote world prosperity, restrict the use of discriminatory policies to reduce conflict over trade, and thereby establish economic foundations for maintaining world peace.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52683049238801,"sku":"NLS9780521515610","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780521515610.jpg?v=1762319662"},{"product_id":"jacob-viner-book-douglas-a-irwin-9781138526471","title":"Jacob Viner","description":"This book presents, for the first time, a detailed transcription of Jacob Viner's Economics 301 class as taught in 1930. These lecture notes provide insight into the legacy of Jacob Viner, whose seminal contributions to fields such as international economics and the history of economics are well known, but whose impact in sparking the revival of Marshallian microeconomics in the United States via his classroom teaching has been less appreciated.  Generations of graduate students at the University of Chicago have taken Economics 301. The course has been taught by such luminaries as Milton Friedman and Gary Becker, and remains an introduction to the analytical tools of microeconomics and the distinctive Chicago way of thinking about the market system. This demanding and rigorous course first became famous in the 1930s when it was taught by Jacob Viner.  When read in tandem with the Transaction editions of Milton Friedman's Price Theory, Frank Knight's The Economic Organization, and Gary Becker's Economic Theory, Viner's lectures provide the reader with important insights into the formative period of Chicago price theory. These recently discovered notes from Viner's class will be important for historians of economic thought and anyone interested in the origins of the Chicago School of Economics.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52692783366417,"sku":"NLS9781138526471","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52849315447057,"sku":"NIN9781138526471","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781138526471.jpg?v=1762342938"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/author-books-by-douglas-a-irwin.oembed","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}