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The analysis explains how these different types of terror are related to the revolutionary seizure of power, showing that revolutionary and transformational terror are organically connected to revolution while for inverted terror the connection is mediated through the leader. The argument is prosecuted through detailed analysis of the French, Russian, and Chinese revolutions. The study ends by assessing the contemporary salience of the lessons of the great revolutions in the light of the low level of violence in the negotiated revolutions of 1989.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51000119820561,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51000123162897,"sku":"NIN9780198901105","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0198901100.jpg?v=1751356503"},{"product_id":"bourgeoisie-state-and-democracy-book-graeme-gill-9780199544684","title":"Bourgeoisie, State and Democracy","description":"One of the key questions in social science is the role of the bourgeoisie in creating a democracy. An important issue in contemporary international politics is the trajectory of the current Russian political system. 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The contemporary Russian experience is thrown into relief by comparison with the national experiences of the other four countries, enabling conclusions to be drawn about both the general question of the historic role of this class in democratisation and the more specific question of its role in Russia today.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51089288298769,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51089290690833,"sku":"NIN9780199544684","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":51741892444433,"sku":"GOR014386981","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52475719942417,"sku":"NLS9780199544684","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0199544689.jpg?v=1772274560"},{"product_id":"symbolism-and-politics-book-graeme-gill-9781032086651","title":"Symbolism and Politics","description":"Symbolism and Politics is a timely intervention into ongoing debates around the function of political symbols in a historical period characterized by volatile electoral behaviour, fragmented societies in search of collective identifications, and increasingly polarized political models.    Symbols are central features of organized human life, helping to define perception, shaping the way we view the world and understand what goes on within it. But, despite this key role in shaping understanding, there is never a single interpretation of a symbol that everyone within the community will accept, and the way in which symbols can mobilize antagonistic political factions demonstrates that they are as much a central element in power struggles as they are avenues to facilitate processes of identification. This dual potential is the object of discussion in the chapters of this book, which sheds new light on our understanding of the political function of symbols in a historical period.    Symbolism and Politics will be of great interest to scholars working on Political Symbols, Nationalism, Regime Change and Political Transitions. 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Providing a comprehensive resource for scholars, students, and policy makers alike, this book is an essential contribution to the study of Russian studies\/politics, Eastern European studies\/politics, and International Relations.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51630224113937,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51630224310545,"sku":"NGR9781032110585","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52588554486033,"sku":"NLS9781032110585","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52745709814033,"sku":"NIN9781032110585","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1032110589.jpg?v=1751366727"},{"product_id":"origins-of-the-stalinist-political-system-book-graeme-gill-9780521529365","title":"The Origins of the Stalinist Political System","description":"The Origins of the Stalinist Political System offers new and challenging perspectives on Soviet political development from October 1917 until the outbreak of war in June 1941. 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The post-communist states have developed political systems from democracy to dictatorship. Using examples and empirical data collected from twenty-six former Soviet states, Graeme Gill provides a detailed comparative analysis of the core issues of regime change, the creation of civil society, economic reform and the changing nature of post-communism. Within these individual cases, it becomes clear that political outcomes have not been arbitrary, but directly reflect the circumstances surrounding the birth of independence. 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It argues that, rather than being unstructured in this way, authoritarian leaderships are actually structured by a set of rules that the oligarchs who run such systems generally follow. The book outlines those rules and then shows how they have applied across the life of one authoritarian system, the Soviet Union. The core of this analysis is the relationship between the individual leader, his colleagues and the rules, with decision-making and how it is structured central to this. The book explains the emergence of these rules under the predominant leadership of Lenin and how the patterns of action that they shaped changed once he disappeared from the scene. The emergence of Stalin as a dominant leader, especially with the unrolling of the terror in the mid-late 1930s, may have seemed to call into question the idea that rules could continue to operate to structure the activity of the top leadership, but the book explains how even under a dominant leader those rules continued to operate, albeit some of them in an altered form. The return to predominant leaders after Stalin's death (Khrushchev, Brezhnev and Gorbachev) saw a further re-working of the rules. Their ability to accommodate change while continuing to provide a framework for the actions of the leaders shows the flexibility of the rules, although the limits to this flexibility were shown by the collapse of the system in 1991. 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