{"title":"Halford J Mackinder","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"democratic-ideals-and-reality-book-halford-j-mackinder-9780571253760","title":"Democratic Ideals and Reality","description":"1919 saw the publication of two major polemical works: The Economic Consequences of the Peace by John Maynard Keynes and Democratic Ideals and Reality by Halford J. Mackinder. The former is famous, the latter much less so - but it was its own way a prophetic book.      Mackinder's message, his warning - addressed to the peacemakers at Versailles - was memorably summarized thus: 'Who Rules East Europe commands the Heartland: \/ Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island: \/ Who rules the World-Island commands the World.'    Mackinder contended that power was shifting from the sea-borne empires to countries that encompassed the great land masses: Eastern Europe he designated as 'the geographical pivot of history.' His thesis made a notable impression on German geopolitician Karl Haushofer who was keenly read, in turn, by Hitler. But Democratic Ideals and Reality has endured as a critical study of imperial ambitions and geographical realities.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49523061195025,"sku":"GOR006809887","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53237056798993,"sku":"NLS9780571253760","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0571253768.jpg?v=1779184862"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/author-books-by-halford-j-mackinder.oembed","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}