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In What Caused the Financial Crisis leading economists and scholars delve into the major causes of the worst financial collapse since the Great Depression and, together, present a comprehensive picture of the factors that led to it. One essay examines the role of government regulation in expanding home ownership through mortgage subsidies for impoverished borrowers, encouraging the subprime housing bubble. Another explores how banks were able to securitize mortgages by manipulating criteria used for bond ratings. How this led to inaccurate risk assessments that could not be covered by sufficient capital reserves mandated under the Basel accords is made clear in a third essay. Other essays identify monetary policy in the United States and Europe, corporate pay structures, credit-default swaps, banks' leverage, and financial deregulation as possible causes of the crisis.  With contributions from Richard A. Posner, Vernon L. Smith, Joseph E. Stiglitz, and John B. 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The book begins by assessing leading theories about the crisis—deregulation, bank compensation practices, excessive leverage, \"too big to fail,\" and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac—and, through careful evidentiary scrutiny, debunks much of the conventional wisdom about what went wrong. It then discusses the Basel Accords and how they contributed to systemic risk. Finally, it presents an analysis of social-science expertise and the fallibility of economists and regulators. 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The result is an informative and entertaining guide for those just starting out, and an enlightening read for anyone interested in a behind-the-scenes look at this newly reinvigorated field of film.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52599161323793,"sku":"NLS9780275992255","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780275992255.jpg?v=1761077646"},{"product_id":"nature-of-belief-systems-reconsidered-book-jeffrey-friedman-9781138118355","title":"The Nature of Belief Systems Reconsidered","description":"In the foundational document of modern public-opinion research, Philip E. Converse’s \"The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics\" (1964) established the U.S. public’s startling political ignorance. This volume makes Converse’s long out-of-print article available again and brings together a variety of scholars, including Converse himself, to reflect on Converse’s findings after nearly half a century of further research. Some chapters update findings on public ignorance. Others outline relevant research agendas not only in public-opinion and voter-behavior studies, but in American political development, \"state theory,\" and normative theory. Three chapters grapple with whether voter ignorance is \"rational.\" Several chapters consider the implications of Converse’s findings for the democratic ideal of a well-informed public; others focus on the political \"elite,\" who are better informed but quite possibly more dogmatic than members of the general public. Contributors include Scott Althaus, Stephen Earl Bennett, Philip E. Converse, Samuel DeCanio, James S. Fishkin, Jeffrey Friedman, Doris A. Graber, Russell Hardin, Donald Kinder, Arthur Lupia, Samuel L. Popkin, Ilya Somin, and Gregory W. Wawro.  This book was originally published as a special issue of Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52613424611601,"sku":"NLS9781138118355","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781138118355.jpg?v=1761518318"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/author-books-by-jeffrey-friedman.oembed","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}