{"title":"Marc Lange","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"introduction-to-the-philosophy-of-physics-book-marc-lange-9780631225010","title":"An Introduction to the Philosophy of Physics","description":"This book combines physics, philosophy, and history in a radical new approach to introducing the philosophy of physics. 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What distinguishes laws from facts about the world that do not rise to the level of laws? How can laws be contingent and nevertheless necessary? In this brief, accessible study, Lange offers provocative and original answers to these questions. He argues that laws are distinguished by their necessity, which is grounded in primitive subjunctive facts (expressed by counterfactual conditionals). While recognizing that natural necessity is distinct from logical, metaphysical, and mathematical necessity, Lange explains how natural necessity constitutes a species of the same genus as those other varieties of necessity.     Along the way, Lange discusses the relation between laws and objective chances, as well as such unjustly neglected topics as the completeness of the laws of physics and whether the laws of nature can change. Lange's elegant, engagingly written book is non-technical and suitable for undergraduate philosophers (and undergraduate scientists interested in the logical foundations of science). 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This book also offers original accounts of several other varieties of non-causal scientific explanation. Dimensional explanations work by showing how some law of nature arises merely from the dimensional relations among the quantities involved. Really statistical explanations include explanations that appeal to regression toward the mean and other canonical manifestations of chance. Lange provides an original account of what makes certain mathematical proofs but not others explain what they prove. Mathematical explanation connects to a host of other important mathematical ideas, including coincidences in mathematics, the significance of giving multiple proofs of the same result, and natural properties in mathematics. Introducing many examples drawn from actual science and mathematics, with extended discussions of examples from Lagrange, Desargues, Thomson, Sylvester, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Einstein, and Feynman, Because Without Cause's proposals and examples should set the agenda for future work on non-causal explanation.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":50345961947409,"sku":"CIN0190269480A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50696965521681,"sku":"NGR9780190269487","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52488712716561,"sku":"NLS9780190269487","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0190269480.jpg?v=1750737818"},{"product_id":"natural-laws-in-scientific-practice-book-marc-lange-9780195331332","title":"Natural Laws in Scientific Practice","description":"It is often presumed that the laws of nature have special significance for scientific reasoning. 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Particular attention is given to laws of special sciences, levels of scientific explanation, natural kinds, ceteris-paribus clauses, and physically necessary non-laws.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346241655057,"sku":"CIN0195331338G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52331592188177,"sku":"NLS9780195331332","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0195331338.jpg?v=1750812424"},{"product_id":"philosophy-of-science-book-marc-lange-9781405130349","title":"Philosophy of Science","description":"Philosophy of Science: An Anthology assembles some of the finest papers in the philosophy of science since 1945, showcasing enduring classics alongside important and innovative recent work.     Introductions by the editor highlight connections between selections, and contextualize the articles   Nine sections address topics at the heart of philosophy of science, including realism and the character of scientific theories, scientific explanations and laws of nature, singular casusation, and the metaphysical implications of modern physics   Provides an authoritative and accessible overview of the field","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50372669997329,"sku":"CIN1405130342G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50694193414417,"sku":"GOR014038248","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50790088212753,"sku":"GOR003675207","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52129947943185,"sku":"NLS9781405130349","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1405130342.jpg?v=1750857443"},{"product_id":"because-without-cause-book-marc-lange-9780197508671","title":"Because Without Cause","description":"Not all scientific explanations work by describing causal connections between events or the world's overall causal structure. 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This book also offers original accounts of several other varieties of non-causal scientific explanation. Dimensional explanations work by showing how some law of nature arises merely from the dimensional relations among the quantities involved. Really statistical explanations include explanations that appeal to regression toward the mean and other canonical manifestations of chance. Lange provides an original account of what makes certain mathematical proofs but not others explain what they prove. Mathematical explanation connects to a host of other important mathematical ideas, including coincidences in mathematics, the significance of giving multiple proofs of the same result, and natural properties in mathematics. Introducing many examples drawn from actual science and mathematics, with extended discussions of examples from Lagrange, Desargues, Thomson, Sylvester, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Einstein, and Feynman, Because Without Cause's proposals and examples should set the agenda for future work on non-causal explanation.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50937136840977,"sku":"NGR9780197508671","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":50999887266065,"sku":"NIN9780197508671","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":51512210391313,"sku":"GOR012012815","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52516072751377,"sku":"NLS9780197508671","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0197508677.jpg?v=1751258161"},{"product_id":"philosophy-of-science-book-marc-lange-9781405130332","title":"Philosophy of Science","description":"Philosophy of Science: An Anthology assembles some of the finest papers in the philosophy of science since 1945, showcasing enduring classics alongside important and innovative recent work.     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