{"title":"Markus Krajewski","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"server-book-markus-krajewski-9780300180817","title":"The Server","description":"A cutting‑edge media history on a perennially fascinating topic, which attempts to answer the crucial question: Who is in charge, the servant or the master?​   Though classic servants like the butler or the governess have largely vanished, the Internet is filled with servers: web, ftp, mail, and others perform their daily drudgery, going about their business noiselessly and unnoticed. Why then are current‑day digital drudges called servers? Markus Krajewski explores this question by going from the present back to the Baroque to study historical aspects of service through various perspectives, be it the servants’ relationship to architecture or their function in literary or scientific contexts. At the intersection of media studies, cultural history, and literature, this work recounts the gradual transition of agency from human to nonhuman actors to show how the concept of the digital server stems from the classic role of the servant.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49513214509329,"sku":"GOR012299176","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0300180810.jpg?v=1751324577"},{"product_id":"paper-machines-book-markus-krajewski-9780262015899","title":"Paper Machines","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhy the card catalog--a paper machine with rearrangeable elements--can be regarded as a precursor of the computer.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eToday on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In\u003ci\u003e Paper Machines\u003c\/i\u003e, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a universal paper machine that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51286476980497,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51286477177105,"sku":"CIN0262015897G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0262015897.jpg?v=1751133146"},{"product_id":"rechtsrahmen-und-regulierung-privater-militaer-und-sicherheitsunternehmen-unter-book-markus-krajewski-9783631760246","title":"Rechtsrahmen und Regulierung Privater Militaer- und Sicherheitsunternehmen unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung ihrer Einsatzmoeglichkeiten in UN-Friedensmissionen","description":"\u003cp\u003eDie Arbeit untersucht den Rechtsrahmen Privater Militär- und Sicherheitsfirmen sowie analysiert und bewertet die aktuellen Regulierungsversuche auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene. Dabei legt die Autorin einen besonderen Fokus auf die Verwendung bei UN-Friedensmissionen. Neben Fragestellungen zur völkerrechtlichen Zurechenbarkeit, der Bindung an das humanitäre Völkerrecht und die Menschenrechte, thematisiert die Arbeit sog. Due-Diligence-Verpflichtungen und die Durchsetzbarkeit der Rechtsfolgen sowie etwaige Sanktionierungsmöglichkeiten. 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Die Beiträge dieses Bandes fassen den aktuellen Forschungs- und Diskussionsstand zusammen und zeigen sowohl rechtspolitische Handlungsmöglichkeiten als auch weiteren Forschungsbedarf auf. Die in dem Band erörterten und analysierten Fragen sind zugleich als Ausgangspunkt und Referenzrahmen für ein besseres Verständnis und eine Weiterentwicklung des Zusammenhangs von Wirtschaft und Menschenrechten.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52136394719505,"sku":"NLS9783662550151","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783662550151.jpg?v=1757553884"},{"product_id":"services-of-general-interest-beyond-the-single-market-book-markus-krajewski-9789462650626","title":"Services of General Interest Beyond the Single Market","description":"This is the first book ever to assess comprehensively the impact of EU international agreements on services of general interest.  Services of general interest remain high on the political and legal agenda of the European Union. However, the debates about the impact of EU law on services of general interest usually focus on internal market law such as the free movement of services, competition law, state aid rules and the law of public procurement. The external and international dimensions of the European legal framework for services of general interest are often overlooked. This book addresses the impact of international trade and investment agreements on public services and the role these services play in EU external relations. It shows that the inherent tension between establishing and securing undistorted competition on markets and the logic of public services exists in international economic law in a similar way as in EU internal law.  Given the contentiousness of international trade and investment agreements as well as the EU’s external policies, the issues discussed in this volume are timely and relevant and contribute to the ongoing debate about the future of services of general interest in the EU with fresh ideas and perspectives.  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Unlike tariffs, however, such barriers usually indicate an important domestic policy choice. This 'conflict of interest' has emerged as a crucial issue in international law, particularly with regard to services, such as telecommunications and health services. This study is the first to analyze the potential impact of incompatibilities between national regulatory regimes and the rules and obligations imposed by the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). In the process of arriving at his challenging concluding theses, the author investigates such relevant concepts as the following:  \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e the political and ideological dynamics of GATS negotiations services trade liberalization in regional integration systems, particularly in EC law \u003c\/li\u003e policies common to diverse national regulatory systems  \u003cli\u003e the notions of 'deregulation' and 'privatization' \u003c\/li\u003e the human rights implications of international trade law  the GATS obligations of market access, national treatment, and most-favoured-nation treatment  the role of the WTO's dispute settlement organs  GATS transparency obligations  \u003c\/ul\u003e Professor Krajewski's study is of enormous significance to specialists in regulatory policies and instruments at all national and sectoral levels, especially in the context of ongoing GATS negotiations. 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Drawing from a broad array of archival materials, Krajewski reveals how expanding commercial relations, growing international scientific agreements, and an imperial monopolization of the political realm spawned ambitious global projects. World Projects contends that the late nineteenth-century networks of cables, routes, and shipping lines-of junctions, crossovers, and transfers-merged into a “multimedia system” that was a prerequisite for conceiving a world project. As examples, he presents the work of three big-thinking “plansmiths,” each of whose work mediates between two discursive fields: the chemist and natural philosopher Wilhelm Ostwald, who spent years promoting a “world auxiliary language” and a world currency; the self-taught “engineer” and self-anointed authority on science and technology Franz Maria Feldhaus, who labored to produce an all-encompassing “world history of technology”; and Walther Rathenau, who put economics to the service of politics and quickly transformed the German economy.   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