{"title":"Niklas Luhmann","description":"\u003cp\u003eDelve into the complex and influential world of Niklas Luhmann, a key figure in sociological systems theory. Explore his profound insights on society, communication, and the nature of modern systems.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"introduction-to-systems-theory-book-niklas-luhmann-9780745645728","title":"Introduction to Systems Theory","description":"Niklas Luhmann ranks as one of the most important sociologists and social theorists of the twentieth century. Through his many books he developed a highly original form of systems theory that has been hugely influential in a wide variety of disciplines.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49516617335057,"sku":"GOR007537920","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730708898065,"sku":"NGR9780745645728","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50835470123281,"sku":"CIN0745645720VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52513009434897,"sku":"CIN0745645720G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53122458517777,"sku":"GOR008469117","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ WELL_READ \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53364336689425,"sku":"GOR014880327","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0745645720.jpg?v=1751420778"},{"product_id":"love-as-passion-book-niklas-luhmann-9780745600789","title":"Love as Passion","description":"In this important book Niklas Luhmann - one of the leading social thinkers of the late 20th century - analyses the emergence of ‘love' as the basis of personal relationships in modern societies. He argues that, while family systems remained intact in the transition from traditional to modern societies, a semantics for love developed to accommodate extra-marital relationships; this semantics was then transferred back into marriage and eventually transformed marriage itself. Drawing on a diverse range of historical and literary sources, Luhmann retraces the emergence and evolution of the special semantics of passionate love that has come to form the basis of modern forms of intimacy and personal relationships.  This classic book by Luhmann has been widely recognized as a work of major importance. It is an outstanding contribution to social theory and it provides an original and illuminating perspective on the nature of modern marriage and sexuality.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49527155163409,"sku":"GOR007556534","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51006563713297,"sku":"NIN9780745600789","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52586927325457,"sku":"NLS9780745600789","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0745600786.jpg?v=1778148498"},{"product_id":"art-as-a-social-system-book-niklas-luhmann-9780804739078","title":"Art As a Social System","description":"This is an analysis of art as a social and perceptual system by one of Germany's leading social theorist of the late 20th century. It is intended to represent an intellectual step in discussions of art and an important advance in systems theory.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49577719628049,"sku":"GOR006517496","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730594275601,"sku":"NGR9780804739078","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51007518114065,"sku":"NIN9780804739078","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51575713366289,"sku":"CIN0804739072G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51688214757649,"sku":"CIN0804739072VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53382412894481,"sku":"GOR009090944","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804739072.jpg?v=1757413582"},{"product_id":"theory-of-society-volume-1-book-niklas-luhmann-9780804739504","title":"Theory of Society, Volume 1","description":"This first volume of Niklas Luhmann's two-part final work was initially published in German in 1997. The culmination of his thirty-year theoretical project to reconceptualize sociology, it offers a comprehensive description of modern society on a scale not attempted since Talcott Parsons. Beginning with an account of the fluidity of meaning and the accordingly high improbability of successful communication, Luhmann analyzes a range of communicative media, including language, writing, the printing press, and electronic media as well as \"success media,\" such as money, power, truth, and love, all of which structure this fluidity and make communication possible. An investigation into the ways in which social systems produce and reproduce themselves, the book asks what gives rise to functionally differentiated social systems, how they evolve, and how social movements, organizations, and patterns of interaction emerge. The advent of the computer and its networks, which trigger potentially far-reaching processes of restructuring, receive particular attention. A concluding chapter on the semantics of modern society's self-description bids farewell to the outdated theoretical approaches of \"old Europe,\" that is, to ontological, holistic, ethical, and critical interpretations of society, and argues that concepts such as \"the nation,\" \"the subject,\" and \"postmodernity\" are vastly overrated. In their stead, \"society\"—long considered a suspicious term by sociologists, one open to all kinds of reification—is defined in purely operational terms. It is the always uncertain answer to the question of what comes next in all areas of communication.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49605872746769,"sku":"GOR011614773","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51007550062865,"sku":"NIN9780804739504","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51726973206801,"sku":"CIN0804739501G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804739501.jpg?v=1757416493"},{"product_id":"observations-on-modernity-book-niklas-luhmann-9780804732352","title":"Observations on Modernity","description":"This collection of five essays by Germany's most prominent and influential social thinker both links Luhmann's social theory to the question \"What is modern about modernity?\" and shows the origins and context of his theory.   In the introductory essay, \"Modernity in Contemporary Society,\" Luhmann develops the thesis that the modern epistemological situation can be seen as the consequence of a radical change in social macrostructures that he calls \"social differentiation,\" thereby designating the juxtaposition of and interaction between a growing number of social subsystems without any hierarchical structure. \"European Rationality\" defines rationality as the capacity to see the difference between systems and their environment as a unity. Luhmann argues that, in a world characterized by contingency, rationality tends to become coextensive with imagination, a view that challenges their classical binary opposition and opens up the possibility of seeing modern rationality as a paradox.    In the third essay, \"Contingency as Modern Society's Defining Attribute,\" Luhmann develops a further and probably even more important paradox: that the generalization of contingency or cognitive uncertainty is precisely what provides stability within modern societies. In the process, he argues that medieval and early modern theology can be seen as a \"preadaptive advance\" through which Western thinking prepared itself for the modern epistemological situation. In \"Describing the Future,\" Luhmann claims that neither the traditional hope of learning from history nor the complementary hope of cognitively anticipating the future can be maintained, and that the classical concept of the future should be replaced by the notion of risk, defined as juxtaposing the expectation of realizing certain projects and the awareness that such projects might fail. The book concludes with \"The Ecology of Ignorance,\" in which Luhmann outlines prospective research areas \"for sponsors who have yet to be identified.\"","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49620787790097,"sku":"GOR010928182","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50532278993169,"sku":"GOR007582469","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53014011314449,"sku":"NIN9780804732352","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53065220030737,"sku":"CIN0804732353G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804732353.jpg?v=1757415076"},{"product_id":"social-systems-book-niklas-luhmann-9780804726252","title":"Social Systems","description":"A major challenge confronting contemporary theory is to overcome its fixation on written narratives and the culture of print. In this presentation of a general theory of systems, Germany's most prominent and controversial social thinker sets out a contribution to sociology that reworks our understanding of meaning and communication.   Luhmann concedes that there is no longer a binding representation of society within society, but refuses to describe this situation as a loss of legitimation or a crisis of representation. Instead, he proposes that we search for new ways of coping with the enforced selectivity that marks any self-description under the conditions of functionally differentiated modern society. For Luhmann, the end of metanarratives does not mean the end of theory, but a challenge to theory, an invitation to open itself to theoretical developments in a number of disciplines that, for quite some time, have been successfully working with cybernetic models that no longer require the fiction of the external observer.    Social Systems provides the foundation for a theory of modern society that would be congruent with this new understanding of the world. One of the most important contributions to social theory of recent decades, it has implications for many disciplines beyond sociology.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730222129425,"sku":"NGR9780804726252","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50097312071953,"sku":"CIN0804726256G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51007749488913,"sku":"NIN9780804726252","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":51598935818513,"sku":"GOR007067295","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53105764139281,"sku":"GOR009547720","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804726256.jpg?v=1757413505"},{"product_id":"reality-of-the-mass-media-book-niklas-luhmann-9780804740777","title":"The Reality of the Mass Media","description":"In The Reality of the Mass Media, Luhmann extends his theory of social systems-applied in his earlier works to the economy, the political system, art, religion, the sciences, and law-to an examination of the role of mass media in the construction of social reality. Luhmann argues that the system of mass media is a set of recursive, self-referential programs of communication, whose functions are not determined by the external values of truthfulness, objectivity, or knowledge, nor by specific social interests or political directives. Rather, he contends that the system of mass media is regulated by the internal code information\/noninformation, which enables the system to select its information (news) from its own environment and to communicate this information in accordance with its own reflexive criteria. Despite its self-referential quality, Luhmann describes the mass media as one of the key cognitive systems of modern society, by means of which society constructs the illusion of its own reality. The reality of mass media, he argues, allows societies to process information without destabilizing social roles or overburdening social actors. It forms a broad reservoir (memory) of options for the future coordination of action, and it provides parameters for the stabilization of political reproduction of society, as it produces a continuous self-description of the world around which modern society can orient itself. In his discussion of mass media, Luhmann elaborates a theory of communication in which communication is seen not as the act of a particular consciousness, nor the medium of integrative social norms, but merely the technical codes through which systemic operations arrange and perpetuate themselves.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49780993556753,"sku":"CIN0804740771G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51007560286481,"sku":"NIN9780804740777","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804740771.jpg?v=1750979795"},{"product_id":"reality-of-the-mass-media-book-niklas-luhmann-9780745621326","title":"The Reality of the Mass Media","description":"In The Reality of the Mass Media Luhmann extends his theory of social systems - applied in his earlier works to the economy, the political system, art, religion, the sciences and law - to an examination of the role of mass media in the constitution of social reality.   Luhmann argues that the system of mass media is a set of recursive, self-referential programmes of communication, whose functions are not determined by the external values of truthfulness, objectivity, or knowledge, nor by specific social interests or political directives. Rather, he contends that the system of mass media is regulated by the internal code information \/ non-information, which enables the system to select its information (news) from its own environment and to communicate this information in accordance with its own reflexive criteria.     Despite its self-referential quality, however, Luhmann describes the mass media as one of the key cognitive systems of modern society, by means of which society constructs the illusion of its own reality. The reality of mass media, he argues, allows societies to process information without destabilizing social roles or overburdening social actors. It forms a broad reservoir (memory) of options for the future co-ordination of action, and it provides parameters for the stabilization of political expectations. In these respects, it has a crucial function in the general self-reproduction of society, as it produces a continuous self-description of the world around which modern society can orientate itself. In his discussion of mass media, Luhmann elaborates a theory of communication in which communication is seen not as the act of a particular consciousness, nor the medium of integrative social norms, but merely the technical codes through which systemic operations arrange and perpetuate themselves.     This book will be of great interest to third year students, graduate students and scholars in sociology, politics, social and political theory, media and cultural studies and communication studies.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50144200065297,"sku":"NGR9780745621326","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53364308050193,"sku":"GOR003490697","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53365322776849,"sku":"GOR007230691","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0745621325.jpg?v=1776939219"},{"product_id":"die-desellschaft-der-gesellschaft-book-niklas-luhmann-9783518289600","title":"DIE Desellschaft Der Gesellschaft","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50403971727633,"sku":"CIN3518289608G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/3518289608.jpg?v=1750999553"},{"product_id":"new-boss-book-niklas-luhmann-9781509517886","title":"The New Boss","description":"Any organization, no matter how stolid, may be unsettled by the news that a new boss is about to take over. Talk in the hallways increases, staff worry about their jobs, uncertainty grows. Even when the change has happened, problems emerge when the boss who was hired to manage “from above” has to learn about the organization “from below.”   In this book, Niklas Luhmann scrutinizes the relationship and shows how it is stretched to its limit by communication difficulties, demands for self-presentation, and disagreements concerning fundamental values. Many of the tensions crystallize around the question “who has the power?” It isn’t necessarily the boss, provided the employees are well versed in the art of directing their superiors. “Subtervision” is Luhmann’s term for this state of affairs, and tact is the most important means to this end. Yet caution is advised: whoever achieves mastery in subtervision may well become the new boss.   This slim and thought-provoking book from one of the most influential sociologists of the twentieth century will be of great interest to anyone seeking to understand the dynamics and machinations of the workplace.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50465766834449,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50465767686417,"sku":"GOR011886232","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/150951788X.jpg?v=1750797076"},{"product_id":"love-as-passion-book-niklas-luhmann-9780674539235","title":"Love as Passion","description":"Niklas Luhmann is one of the greatest of contemporary social theorists, and his ultimate aim is to develop a conceptual vocabulary supple enough to capture what he sees as the unprecedented structural characteristics of society since the eighteenth century. Ours is a society in which individuals can determine their own sense of self and function rather than have that predetermined by the strict hierarchy of former times, and a key element in the modern sense of individuality is our concept of love, marriage, and lasting personal relationships. This book takes us back to when passionate love took place exclusively outside of marriage, and Luhmann shows by lively references to social customs and literature how a language and code of behavior were developed so that notions of love and intimacy could be made the essential components of married life. This intimacy and privacy made possible by a social arrangement in which home is where the heart is provides the basis for a society of individuals—the foundation for the structure of modern life. Love is now declared to be unfathomable and personal, yet we love and suffer—as Luhmann shows—according to cultural imperatives.  People working in a variety of fields should find this book of major interest. Social scientists will be intrigued by Luhmann’s original and provocative insights into the nature of modern marriage and sexuality, and by the presentation of his theories in concrete, historical detail. His work should also be capital for humanists, since Luhmann’s concern throughout is to develop a semantics for passionate love by means of extensive references to literary texts of the modern period. In showing our moral life in the process of revising itself, he thereby sheds much light on the development of drama and the novel in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50517039513873,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50517043413265,"sku":"CIN0674539230VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/B00HI2OMCA.jpg?v=1750699697"},{"product_id":"law-as-a-social-system-book-niklas-luhmann-9780199546121","title":"Law as a Social System","description":"Modern systems theory provides a new method for the analysis of society through an examination of the structures of its communications. In this volume, Niklas Luhmann, the theory's leading exponent, explores its implications for our understanding of law.  Luhmann argues that current thinking about how law operates within a modern society is seriously deficient. He lays out the theoretical and methodological tools that, he argues, can advance our understanding of contemporary society and in particular of the identity, performance, and function of the legal system within that society. In systems theory, society is its communications: they are its empirical reality; the items that can be observed and studied. Systems theory identifies how communications operate within a physical world and how different sub-systems of communication operate alongside each other.  In this volume, Luhmann uses systems theory to address a question central to legal theory: what differentiates law from other social practices? However, unlike conventional legal theory this volume seeks to provide an answer in terms of a general social theory: a methodology that answers the question in a manner applicable not only to law, but also to all the other complex and highly differentiated systems within modern society, such as politics, the economy, religion, the media, and education. This sociological approach offers profound insights into the relationships between law and other social systems.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50663479476497,"sku":"CIN0199546126G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51000156094737,"sku":"NIN9780199546121","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52487658897681,"sku":"NLS9780199546121","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53364243759377,"sku":"GOR008492564","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0199546126.jpg?v=1751070526"},{"product_id":"organization-and-decision-book-niklas-luhmann-9781108458962","title":"Organization and Decision","description":"Translated into English for the first time, Luhmann's modern classic, Organization and Decision, explores how organizations work; how they should be designed, steered, and controlled; and how they order and structure society. Luhmann argues that organization is order, yet indeterminate. In this book, he shows how this paradox enables organizations to embed themselves within society without losing autonomy. In developing his autopoietic perspective on organizations, Luhmann applies his general theory of social systems by conceptualizing organizations as self­reproducing systems of decision communications. His innovative and interdisciplinary approach to the material (spanning organization studies, management and sociology) is integral to any study of organizations. This new translation, edited by one of the world's leading experts on Luhmann, enables researchers and graduate students across the English-speaking world to access Luhmann's ideas more readily.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50697335800081,"sku":"NGR9781108458962","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51019874992401,"sku":"NIN9781108458962","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52588411158801,"sku":"NLS9781108458962","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1108458963.jpg?v=1751015470"},{"product_id":"sociological-theory-of-law-book-niklas-luhmann-9781138644489","title":"A Sociological Theory of Law","description":"Niklas Luhmann is recognised as a major social theorist, and his treatise on the sociology of law is a classic text. For Luhmann, law provides the framework of the state, lawyers are the main human resource for the state, and legal theory provides the most suitable base from which to theorize on the nature of society. He explores the concept of law in the light of a general theory of social systems, showing the important part law plays in resolving fundamental problems a society may face. He then goes on to discuss in detail how modern 'positive' – as opposed to ‘natural’ – law comes to fulfil this function. The work as a whole is not only a contribution to legal sociology, but a major work in social theory. With a revised translation, and a new introduction by Martin Albrow.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50697347301649,"sku":"NGR9781138644489","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52486154518801,"sku":"NLS9781138644489","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/113864448X.jpg?v=1751400665"},{"product_id":"making-of-meaning-from-the-individual-to-social-order-book-niklas-luhmann-9780190945992","title":"The Making of Meaning: From the Individual to Social Order","description":"Niklas Luhmann is now widely recognized as one of the most important social theorists of the twentieth century. While several of his key texts have been translated into English significant parts of Luhmann's extensive output remain unavailable to a non-German-speaking readership. His publication in four volumes on Gesellschaftsstruktur and Semantik (Social Structure and Semantics) 1980, 1981, 1989, 1995) together constitute an important part of his work as they not only represent his contribution to a sociology of knowledge and culture, but they also set out the empirical work that underpins the development of his theory of society.  In The Making of Meaning, Christian Morgner brings together Luhmann's essential ideas from the four volume series. In this work, Luhmann presents a new empirical strategy that links the production of knowledge and culture to broader societal changes and the transformation of societal complexity. This volume provides insight into the development of Luhmann's theoretical ideas, revealing how his theory was driven by a broad range of detailed historical and comparative studies.   Informing a wide range of disciplines, from sociology to history, from law to business studies, from philosophy to cultural studies, The Making of Meaning stands as a major contribution to the sociology of knowledge and the social history of ideas.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50999692853521,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":50999695966481,"sku":"NIN9780190945992","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0190945990.jpg?v=1750939920"},{"product_id":"love-book-niklas-luhmann-9780745647517","title":"Love","description":"Love seems like the most personal experience, one that touches each of us in a unique way that is more personal than social, and hence it is not surprising that it has been largely neglected by sociologists and social theorists. While it has long been a central preoccupation of writers and novelists, love has rarely attracted anything more than the most cursory attention of social scientists.     This short text, originally written in 1969 by the eminent German social theorist Niklas Luhmann, goes a long way to redressing this neglect. Rather than seeing love as a unique and ineffable personal experience, Luhmann treats love as a solution to a problem that depends on a wider range of social structures and forms. Human beings are faced with a world of enormous complexity and they have to find ways to order and make sense of this world. In other words, they need certain facilities for action Ð what Luhmann calls ‘media of communication’ Ð that enable them to select from a host of alternatives in ways that will be understood as meaningful by others. Love is one of these media; truth, power, money and art are others. With the development of modern societies, greater demands are made on this medium of love, altering the relationship between love and sexuality and giving rise to the distinctive difficulties we associate with love today.     This short text by one of the most brilliant social theorists of the 20th century will be of great interest to students and scholars throughout the social sciences and humanities. 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Für viele hilfreiche Gespräche danke ich G. A. Cohen und John Roemer. 1 Marx, Theorien über den Mehrwert, Erster Teil, MEW, 26.1, Berlin 1973, S. 363-364. 2 Karl Marx, Kapital III, MEW 25, Berlin, S. 614. 3 Vgl. M. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965. 4 Genaue Literaturhinweise in meinem demnächst erscheinenden Buch. 5 Marx, Kapital III, MEW 25, S. 893. 6 ebd. 7 J. Coleman (Power and the Structure of Society, New York: Norton, 1974) insistiert auf diesem Punkt. 8 Vgl. J. Roemer, A General Theory of Exploitation and Class, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982, in bezug auf eine Darstellung der Relation von Ausbeutungs-und Klassenstatus. 9 Vgl. G. A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence, Oxford: Oxford Univer­ sity Press, 1978, S. 70ff. und Roemer, a.a.O., S. 81. 10 G. E. M. de Ste Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient World, London: Duckworth, 1981, S. 121. 11 Roemer, a.a.O., Kap. 2 und 4. 12 Ein Modell diesen Typs gibt Roemer in \"Why labor classes?\" (unveröffentlichtes Manu­ skript). 13 Das Verhalten des Gutsbesitzers konnte z. B. optimal sein, wenn das Ziel ist, die Arbeits­ stunden, die abhängig sind von einer Einschränkung des Konsums, zu minimieren und dann soviel wie möglich zu konsumieren, wenn keine Arbeit involviert ist.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52428524093713,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52428524781841,"sku":"NLS9783531117089","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783531117089.jpg?v=1759164392"},{"product_id":"sociological-theory-of-law-book-niklas-luhmann-9780415858960","title":"A Sociological Theory of Law","description":"Niklas Luhmann is recognised as a major social theorist, and his treatise on the sociology of law is a classic text. 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