{"title":"Paul Friedland","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"political-actors-book-paul-friedland-9780801488092","title":"Political Actors","description":"From the start of the French Revolution, contemporary observers were struck by the overwhelming theatricality of political events. Examples of convergence between theater and politics included the election of dramatic actors to powerful political and military positions and reports that deputies to the National Assembly were taking acting lessons and planting paid \"claqueurs\" in the audience to applaud their employers on demand. Meanwhile, in a mock national assembly that gathered in an enormous circus pavilion in the center of Paris, spectators paid for the privilege of acting the role of political representatives for a day.   Paul Friedland argues that politics and theater became virtually indistinguishable during the Revolutionary period because of a parallel evolution in the theories of theatrical and political representation. Prior to the mid-eighteenth century, actors on political and theatrical stages saw their task as embodying a fictional entity—in one case a character in a play, in the other, the corpus mysticum of the French nation. Friedland details the significant ways in which after 1750 the work of both was redefined. Dramatic actors were coached to portray their parts abstractly, in a manner that seemed realistic to the audience. With the creation of the National Assembly, abstract representation also triumphed in the political arena. In a break from the past, this legislature did not claim to be the nation, but rather to speak on its behalf.    According to Friedland, this new form of representation brought about a sharp demarcation between actors—on both stages—and their audience, one that relegated spectators to the role of passive observers of a performance that was given for their benefit but without their direct participation. Political Actors, a landmark contribution to eighteenth-century studies, furthers understanding not only of the French Revolution but also of the very nature of modern representative democracy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50173864280337,"sku":"CIN0801488095G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53039941746961,"sku":"CIN0801488095VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0801488095.jpg?v=1758966408"},{"product_id":"seeing-justice-done-book-paul-friedland-9780198715993","title":"Seeing Justice Done","description":"From the early Middle Ages to the twentieth century, capital punishment in France, as in many other countries, was staged before large crowds of spectators. Paul Friedland traces the theory and practice of public executions over time, both from the perspective of those who staged these punishments as well as from the vantage point of the many thousands who came to 'see justice done'. While penal theorists often stressed that the fundamental purpose of public punishment was to strike fear in the hearts of spectators, the eagerness with which crowds flocked to executions, and the extent to which spectators actually enjoyed the spectacle of suffering suggests that there was a wide gulf between theoretical intentions and actual experiences. Moreover, public executions of animals, effigies, and corpses point to an enduring ritual function that had little to do with exemplary deterrence. In the eighteenth century, when a revolution in sensibilities made it unseemly for individuals to take pleasure in or even witness the suffering of others, capital punishment became the target of reformers. From the invention of the guillotine, which reduced the moment of death to the blink of an eye, to the 1939 decree which moved executions behind prison walls, capital punishment in France was systematically stripped of its spectacular elements.  Partly a history of penal theory, partly an anthropologically-inspired study of the penal ritual, Seeing Justice Done traces the historical roots of modern capital punishment, and sheds light on the fundamental 'disconnect' between the theory and practice of punishment which endures to this day, nit only in France but in the Western penal tradition more generally.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50999970758929,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":50999973413137,"sku":"NIN9780198715993","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":51594918068497,"sku":"GOR014341030","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52470794584337,"sku":"NLS9780198715993","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0198715994.jpg?v=1751195480"},{"product_id":"seeing-justice-done-book-paul-friedland-9780199592692","title":"Seeing Justice Done","description":"From the early Middle Ages to the twentieth century, capital punishment in France, as in many other countries, was staged before large crowds of spectators. Paul Friedland traces the theory and practice of public executions over time, both from the perspective of those who staged these punishments as well as from the vantage point of the many thousands who came to \"see justice done\". While penal theorists often stressed that the fundamental purpose of public punishment was to strike fear in the hearts of spectators, the eagerness with which crowds flocked to executions and the extent to which spectators actually enjoyed the spectacle of suffering suggests that there was a wide gulf between theoretical intentions and actual experiences. Moreover, public executions of animals, effigies, and corpses point to an enduring ritual function that had little to do with exemplary deterrence. In the eighteenth century, when a revolution in sensibilities made it unseemly for individuals to take pleasure in or even witness the suffering of others, capital punishment became the target of reformers. From the invention of the guillotine, which reduced the moment of death to the blink of an eye, to the 1939 decree which moved executions behind prison walls, capital punishment in France was systematically stripped of its spectacular elements.  Partly a history of penal theory, partly an anthropologically-inspired study of the penal ritual, Seeing Justice Done traces the historical roots of modern capital punishment, and sheds light on the fundamental \"disconnect\" between the theory and practice of punishment which endures to this day, not only in France but in the Western penal tradition more generally.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51000217010449,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51000219599121,"sku":"NIN9780199592692","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52486710034705,"sku":"NLS9780199592692","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0199592691.jpg?v=1751132948"},{"product_id":"other-french-revolution-book-paul-friedland-9780674303096","title":"The Other French Revolution","description":"A new history of the Age of Revolutions, from a Caribbean perspective.  The Other French Revolution uncovers the Caribbean uprising that shocked the world before vanishing from memory. This revolution initially drew the attention of every major imperial power. Then, for centuries, only fragmented accounts of events in Grenada, Saint Vincent, Guadeloupe, and Saint Lucia persisted, while the full story of regionwide revolution was lost to time. Paul Friedland restores the larger whole, detailing how the radically new vision of a world without tyranny and slavery swept through the Windward Islands between 1794 and 1796.  At the heart of The Other French Revolution is a vivid narrative of political imagination and collective struggle. African, European, and Indigenous participants, both free and enslaved, mobilized around the ideal of universal republicanism. Their hopes, both shaped by local realities and emerging from dialogue with revolutionaries in France, were then crushed by a ruthless British campaign, abetted by French counter-revolutionaries. Determined not only to restore colonial rule but also to bury all memory of the uprising, the military response was merciless, marked by re-enslavement, exile, imprisonment, and execution. As many as a hundred thousand people may have died between the revolution’s beginnings and its bloody end.  The very intensity of the repression underscores the scale and significance of the movement the colonizers sought to erase. Bringing light to a forgotten story of people who crossed the deepest divides to pursue a vision of humanity and liberty far ahead of its time, Friedland offers a fresh and compelling account of the Age of Revolutions.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":53135908274449,"sku":"NGR9780674303096","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}]}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/author-books-by-paul-friedland.oembed","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}