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THE BEGINNINGS OF HYDRATE RESEARCH Until very recently, our understanding of hydrate in the natural environment and its impact on seafloor stability, its importance as a sequester of methane, and its potential as an important mechanism in the Earth's climate change system, was masked by our lack of appreciation of the vastness of the hydrate resource. Only a few publications on naturally occurring hydrate existed prior to 1975. The first published reference to oceanic gas hydrate (Bryan and Markl, 1966) and the first publication in the scientific literature (Stoll, et a1., 1971) show how recently it has been since the topic of naturally occurring hydrate has been raised. Recently, however, the number of hydrate publications has increased substantially, reflecting increased research into hydrate topics and the initiation of funding to support the researchers. Awareness of the existence of naturally occurring gas hydrate now has spread beyond the few scientific enthusiasts who pursued knowledge about the elusive hydrate because of simple interest and lurking suspicions that hydrate would prove to be an important topic. The first national conference on gas hydrate in the U.S. was held as recently as April, 1991 at the U.S. National Center of the U.s. Geological Survey in Reston Virginia (Max et al., 1991). The meeting was co-hosted by the U.s. 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Although other gases can naturally form clathrate hydrates (referred to after as ‘hydrate’), we are concerned here only with hydrocarbon gases that form hydrates. The most important of these natural gases is methane. Whereas the first book is a general introduction to the subject of natural gas hydrate, this book focuses on the geology and geochemical controls of gas hydrate development and on gas extraction from naturally occurring hydrocarbon hydrates. This is the first broad treatment of gas hydrate as a natural resource within an economic geological framework. This book is written mainly to stand alone for brevity and to minimize duplication. Information in Max (2000; 2003) should also be consulted for completeness. 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This book, through a series of case studies, illustrates the variety of changes already made along the coastlines of the world. The examples used are mainly from China, Japan, The Netherlands, and the United States, all countries with extensively engineered shorelines. Modifications emphasized include those associated with protection against coastal erosion, building of artificial beaches and islands, reclamation for aquaculture and agriculture, and the construction of harbors. 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However,  exploitation of these resources is often indiscriminate, ill planned,  or carried out without adequate scientific knowledge. This leads to  rapid resource depletion, and often irreversible environmental  degradation. The 1992 Rio de Janeiro UN Conference on Environment and  Development recognized the expediency of an integrated and sustainable  use of all coastal resources, functions and services grounded on sound  scientific data.    The present volume is based on the 1994 international workshop  Integrated Coastal Zone Management, and brings together  contributions by leading specialists both on basic concepts and on  applications of coastal management. The work is divided into six  parts, dealing with the conceptual framework of ICZM; regional and  global aspects of coastal management; environmental assessment in  ICZM; capacity building and technology transfer; monitoring and  environmental analysis; and case studies and status of ICZM plans. 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However,  exploitation of these resources is often indiscriminate, ill planned,  or carried out without adequate scientific knowledge. This leads to  rapid resource depletion, and often irreversible environmental  degradation. The 1992 Rio de Janeiro UN Conference on Environment and  Development recognized the expediency of an integrated and sustainable  use of all coastal resources, functions and services grounded on sound  scientific data.    The present volume is based on the 1994 international workshop  Integrated Coastal Zone Management, and brings together  contributions by leading specialists both on basic concepts and on  applications of coastal management. The work is divided into six  parts, dealing with the conceptual framework of ICZM; regional and  global aspects of coastal management; environmental assessment in  ICZM; capacity building and technology transfer; monitoring and  environmental analysis; and case studies and status of ICZM plans. The  book also incorporates an interactive ICZM planning module, COSMO,  which can be of use in designing a management plan for a coast.  Attention is also given to long-term environmental effects of  present-day actions. It is hoped that COSMO will prove an additional  learning tool for ICZM practitioners and enhance the value of the  book.    This work is intended to give a broad coverage of conceptual and  technical aspects of ICZM, and will be of use to operational  executives as well as students of ICZM, environmental economists,  policy-makers and senior managers in the international development  agencies and governmental and non-governmental organizations. It can  be recommended as a textbook and as a reference work.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52477789045009,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52477790257425,"sku":"NLS9789048149223","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789048149223.jpg?v=1759846184"},{"product_id":"engineered-coasts-book-jiyu-chen-9789048159802","title":"Engineered Coasts","description":"Increasing population, expanding industry and commerce, and tourism are placing added pressures on an already highly-utilized coastal zone. This book, through a series of case studies, illustrates the variety of changes already made along the coastlines of the world. The examples used are mainly from China, Japan, The Netherlands, and the United States, all countries with extensively engineered shorelines. 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