{"title":"Directions In Development - Human Development Ser","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"citizens-and-service-delivery-book-dena-ringold-9780821389805","title":"Citizens and Service Delivery","description":"This report reviews how citizens can influence service delivery through access to information and opportunities to use it to hold providers accountable. It focuses on social accountability measures that support the use of information to increase transparency and service delivery and grievance redress mechanisms to help citizens use information to improve accountability.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52139639243025,"sku":"NLS9780821389805","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821389805.jpg?v=1763224086"},{"product_id":"skills-not-just-diplomas-book-lars-sondergaard-9780821380963","title":"Skills, not Just Diplomas","description":"Future growth in the countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ECA) will increasingly depend on innovation. And innovation requires skills. This makes it important, as countries plan for recovery, to undertake reforms to reduce the skills shortages that the previous growth episode exposed. Education systems have a very important role to play in creating the right skills. But education systems in the region fall short of the demands of their economies in two major ways. The first is that despite high levels of enrollment they do not produce enough graduates with the right skills. Students graduate with diplomas, not with skills, because the quality of the education for many students is poor. In large part this is because education systems remain focused on providing an excellent education to a few at the expense of improving the quality of learning for the majority. Moreover, the systems are still making the transition from teaching the basics to inculcating higher order skills such as critical-thinking and problem solving. The second way in which education systems fall short is that outside of a few countries in the EU there are few opportunities for adults to retrain, or acquire new skills. This book argues that generating more of the right skills requires a fundamental change of approach in the education systems in the region so that they aim for, and deliver, higher quality education for the vast majority of students (not just diplomas but skills). To start with, education systems need to turn the lights on and take seriously the measurement of what students actually learn as opposed to measurement of the inputs into the education process on the implicit assumption that learning follows. Policy makers also need to move away from the focus on inputs and processes and increase the emphasis on incentives.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52139707760913,"sku":"NLS9780821380963","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821380963.jpg?v=1763222513"},{"product_id":"la-voie-de-l-excellence-academique-book-philip-g-altbach-9780821389522","title":"La voie de l'excellence academique","description":"The positive contribution of tertiary education is increasingly recognized as not limited to middle-income and advanced countries, since it applies equally to low-income economies. Tertiary education can help countries become more globally competitive by developing a skilled, productive, and flexible labor force and by creating, applying, and spreading new ideas and technologies. Research universities are reckoned among the central institutions of the 21st century knowledge economies. This book extends the analysis of the framework presented in The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities (Salmi 2009) and by examining the recent experience of 11 universities in nine countries that have grappled with the challenges of building successful research institutions in difficult circumstances and learning from the lessons of these experiences.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52140788416785,"sku":"NLS9780821389522","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821389522.jpg?v=1773482144"},{"product_id":"cash-dividend-book-marito-garcia-9780821388976","title":"The Cash Dividend","description":"The Cash Dividend: The Rise of Cash Transfer Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa assimilates results of a thorough review of the recent use of cash transfer programs in Sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing from sources including program documentation, policy papers, peer-reviewed publications, and interviews, it paints a picture of the evolution and current state of cash transfers, which include unconditional and conditional cash transfers and emergency- and development-focused transfers. It presents analysis from data collected and describes broad trends in design features and implementation, including objectives, targeting, benefits, payment mechanisms, conditions, monitoring, evaluation, institutional location, program costs, and more. It also addresses political economy issues relevant to cash transfer programs, discusses the challenges to implementing cash transfer programs in Sub-Saharan Africa, and highlights lessons learned from existing African cash transfer programs. The comprehensive nature of the review, and its thorough analysis of previously unassimilated data, fills a gap in knowledge related to cash transfer programs in the region. The book is expected to benefit the donor community and domestic policymakers involved in cash transfers in Sub-Saharan Africa, guiding both program design and future research. It will help shift the debate on cash transfers in Africa from whether they are possible to how they can best be implemented.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52143157608721,"sku":"NLS9780821388976","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821388976.jpg?v=1763221197"},{"product_id":"financing-higher-education-in-africa-book-world-bank-group-9780821383346","title":"Financing Higher Education in Africa","description":"The training and development of human capital in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) will help countries in the region diversify their economies, carry out economic transformation, and support sustainable growth. Higher education plays a key role in training qualified individuals who will be able to implement new technologies and use innovative methods to establish cost-efficient and effective enterprises and institutions. However, in order for SSA to reap the benefits of this investment in human capital, higher education institutions must secure financing to provide quality training and sound professional prospects to their students. Currently, tertiary education development is unsustainable - resources per student are declining and the quality of education is affected. These issues are particularly pressing in times of financial global crisis, when available resources for tertiary education tend to diminish. The impact of the crisis that started in 2008 provides a clear illustration of the need to explore innovative ways to diversify and secure financing for higher education in SSA. Financing Higher Education in Africa provides a comprehensive overview of higher education financing in SSA. The book begins with an explanation of the fundamental problems faced by higher education institutions and students in SSA, namely the combined pressure of a rapid growth in demand and a growing scarcity of public resources, and it presents the dramatic consequences of these trends on quality. The book then turns to analyzing and comparing the current funding policies in SSA countries and it provides recommendations for improvement. Finally, the book examines the alternatives to the status quo and the policy tools needed to both diversify resources and allocate them based on performance. It will be of great interest to governments, universities, research institutions, and international organizations throughout the region.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52146597757201,"sku":"NLS9780821383346","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821383346.jpg?v=1763222930"},{"product_id":"achieving-world-class-education-in-brazil-book-barbara-bruns-9780821388549","title":"Achieving World Class Education in Brazil","description":"Over the past 15 years, Brazil has introduced a consistent program of reforms of its education system, progressively aligning the educational attainment of its labor force with that of other middle income countries and introducing advanced student assessment and monitoring systems. Over the past 15 years, Brazil has introduced a consistent program of reforms of its education system, progressively aligning the educational attainment of its labor force with that of other middle income countries and introducing advanced student assessment and monitoring systems.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52148517470481,"sku":"NLS9780821388549","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821388549.jpg?v=1763224377"},{"product_id":"efficient-learning-for-the-poor-book-helen-abadzi-9780821366882","title":"Efficient Learning for the Poor","description":"Large-scale efforts have been made since the 1990s to ensure that all children of the world go to school. But mere enrollment is not sufficient, students must become fluent in reading and calculation by the end of grade 2. Fluency is needed to process large amounts of text quickly and use the information for decisions that may ultimately reduce poverty. State-of-the-art brain imaging and cognitive psychology research can help formulate effective policies for improving the basic skills of low-income students. This book integrates research into applications that extend from preschool brain development to the memory of adult educators. In layman's terms, it provides explanations and answers to questions such as: Why do children have to read fast before they can understand what they read? How do health, nutrition, and stimulation influence brain development? Why should students learn basic skills in their maternal language? Is there such a thing as an untrained teacher? What signs in a classroom show whether students are getting a quality education? How must information be presented in class so that students can retain it and use it? What training techniques are most likely to help staff put their learning into use? This book would be useful to policymakers, donor agency staff, teacher trainers, supervisors, and inspectors, as well as university professors and students.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52148881948945,"sku":"NLS9780821366882","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821366882.jpg?v=1763223072"},{"product_id":"striving-for-better-jobs-book-karol-w-weaver-9780821395356","title":"Striving for Better Jobs","description":"While economic growth has been sustained for a number of years in many countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, this has not resulted in the creation of an adequate number of jobs and has succeeded, at best, in generating low-quality, informal jobs. While there is a great deal of heterogeneity across countries, informality in MENA is widespread, and some countries in the region are amongst the most informal economies in the world. The book looks at informality through a human development angle and focuses specifically on informal employment. In line with this approach, the working definition for informality adopted in the book is lack of social security coverage (usually understood as pensions, or if a pension system does not exist, as health insurance), which captures well the vulnerability associated with informal employment. Informal workers in MENA are generally engaged in low productivity jobs - more so than in comparator countries -, are paid less for otherwise similar work in the formal sector, and self-report low levels of satisfaction at work. Also, informal workers in MENA face important mobility barriers into formal employment and thus lack of social security coverage against health, unemployment, and old-age risks. Formal employment in the MENA region is strongly associated with public sector employment. Opportunities for formal employment in the private sector in the region remain very limited. The book identifies 5 strategic directions to promote long-term inclusive growth and formality, namely: (i) fostering competition; (ii) realigning incentives in the public sector; (iii) moving towards labor regulations that promote labor mobility and provide support to workers in periods of transition; (iv) enhancing the productivity of informal workers through training and skills upgrading; and (v) reforming existing social insurance systems and introduce new instruments for coverage extension. This book is addressed to policy makers, academics, and practitioners who wish to understand the phenomenon of informal employment, and policy options for promoting more inclusive and productive labor market opportunities.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52149334704401,"sku":"NLS9780821395356","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821395356.jpg?v=1773482767"},{"product_id":"jobs-crisis-book-m-ihsan-ajwad-9780821387429","title":"The Jobs Crisis","description":"The financial crisis, which began in the United States and Western Europe swiftly expanded into an economic crisis throughout developing countries. The Eastern Europe and Central Asia region was hit harder than any other region in the world. Deteriorating macroeconomic conditions led to deteriorating household welfare, as unemployment increased. Those workers who kept their jobs took home smaller paychecks. Men became more highly represented among the unemployed, and youth struggled to secure their first job. Confronted by an income shock, families tried two strategies. First, families took steps to increase incomes, by inserting non-working members of the family into the labor force, by increasing the number of hours of work, borrowing, and tapping formal and informal safety nets. Second, families took steps to reduce expenditures, but some of those measures (food expenditures, health care utilization) could have an impact on nutrition and health in the long run. More positively, most households kept their children in school. Many countries took steps to protect human welfare and long-term human capital. Measures included gearing up automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance, scaling up active labor market programs, strengthening last-resort social assistance, or increasing minimum pensions. These measures, however, only covered a minority of those in need and some programs responded more slowly than necessary. In addition, evidence from a few countries shows steps to ensure access to health and education services, especially for the poorest in the population. The report finds that governments in the region can improve their crisis responses by making automatic stabilizers more responsive and broad based; adjusting program parameters to the conditions on the ground; and starting new programs to fill coverage gaps that emerge. However, to enable an efficient and flexible crisis response, governments can benefit from fiscal discipline during good times and reliable and timely monitoring systems.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52150038462737,"sku":"NLS9780821387429","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821387429.jpg?v=1763223567"},{"product_id":"gender-and-macroeconomic-policy-book-breda-griffith-9780821374344","title":"Gender and Macroeconomic Policy","description":"Mainstream economic analysis has traditionally overlooked gender. The individual-the basic category of analysis-was regarded as genderless. Neither gender discrimination nor segmentation and segregation within the labor market or within the household was present. Contributions from development theory, new household economics (NHE), labor economics, and feminist analysis have done much to change this. Focusing on gender equality-by which we mean equality in opportunity, inputs, and outcome-has yielded important insights for the growth and development of an economy. But we are still at the cusp. While there have been huge improvements in recognizing gender as an analytical category at the microeconomic level, the macroeconomic implications of gender equality remain undeveloped. Engendering macroeconomics is an important and valid research and policy area. Over the past three decades, economic development has generally affected women differently than men in the developing world. At the same time, gender relations have affected macroeconomic outcomes. This volume examines the research and policy implications of engendering macroeconomic policy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52150467887377,"sku":"NLS9780821374344","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821374344.jpg?v=1763225144"},{"product_id":"linking-education-policy-to-labor-market-outcomes-book-tazeen-fasih-9780821375099","title":"Linking Education Policy to Labor Market Outcomes","description":"'Linking Education Policy to Labor Market Outcomes' examines current research and new evidence from Ghana and Pakistan-representative of two of the poorest regions of the world-to assess how education can increase income and help people move out of poverty. This study indicates that in addition to early investments in cognitive and noncognitive skills-which produce a high return and lower the cost of later educational investment by making learning at later ages more efficient-quality, efficiency, and linkages to the broader macro-economic context also matter. Education and relevant skills are still the key determinants of good labor market outcomes for individuals. However, education policies aimed at improving skills will have a limited effect on the incomes of that skilled workforce or on the performance of a national economy if other policies that increase the demand for these skills are not in place. For education to contribute to national economic growth, policies should aim at improving the quality of education by spending efficiently and by adapting the basic and postbasic curricula to develop the skills increasingly demanded on the global labor market, including critical thinking, problem solving, social behavior, and information technology.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52331998478609,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52331999068433,"sku":"NLS9780821375099","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821375099.jpg?v=1764842146"},{"product_id":"primer-on-policies-for-jobs-book-raj-nallari-9780821389041","title":"A Primer on Policies for Jobs","description":"A primer on policies for jobs is based on materials and input provided during the labor market courses conducted during the past 10 years. Its objective is to provide government policy makers, researchers, and labor market practitioners and other specialists with a practical guide on how to strengthen labor market institutions, especially in light of the global financial crisis. This primer emphasizes six pillars of labor market institutions: global trends, job creation, labor market policies, education, entrepreneurship, and globalization. Chapter one addresses current labor market trends and job creation, particularly in tough conditions. Chapter two examines channels of job creation and ways to strengthen labor market institutions to ensure sustainable job growth, considering factors such as investment climate, job policy, industrial policy, social protection, and other labor market issues. Chapter three focuses on labor market policies in developing countries. Chapter four highlights the impact of education and skills on labor market outcome. Chapter five discusses entrepreneurship along three key dimensions: development and growth, job creation, and female entrepreneurship. Finally, chapter six addresses the relationship between jobs and globalization.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52335948169489,"sku":"NLS9780821389041","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821389041.jpg?v=1763223425"},{"product_id":"rethinking-school-health-book-donald-bundy-9780821379073","title":"Rethinking School Health","description":"School health and nutirion programs can contribue to achieving the goals of the Education for All initiative (EFA) by helping children enroll on time, complete their education, and realize their cognitive potential.  Achieving these goals depends on reaching the children most in need. One strong feature of  school health and nutrition programs is that they benefit the poor, sick, and hungry children far more that better-off children. However, poor children can only benefit if the programs reach them. This book describes how schools have been used as a platform for delivering safe and simple health and nutrition programs to even hard-to-reach children in low-income countries.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52351279137041,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52351282872593,"sku":"NLS9780821379073","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821379073.jpg?v=1763224670"},{"product_id":"towards-interventions-on-human-resources-for-health-in-ghana-book-ebenezer-appiah-denkyira-9780821396674","title":"Towards Interventions on Human Resources for Health in Ghana","description":"Despite some recent successes in Ghana, further improvements in health outcomes are in part hampered by the lack of skilled service providers, or human resources for health (HRH), particularly in rural areas, where critical health services are needed most. To address the lack of information and guide the development of policies and programs on HRH, Toward Interventions in Human Resources for Health in Ghana: Evidence for Health Workforce Planning and Results aims to paint a comprehensive picture of HRH, consolidating new and existing evidence on the stock, distribution, and performance of h ealth workers to focus on the what, as in What is the situation on HRH? and the how, as in How is this situation explained? The book highlights new evidence on some of the underlying determinants affecting the stock, distribution, and performance of health workers in Ghana, including health worker production and attrition, capacity to manage HRH, the capacity of health training institutions, and health worker compensation. Policy options on HRH are also discussed, as is the fi scal and political environment needed to develop and implement such interventions. The data and findings presented in this book are the result of extended and close collaboration between the Ghana Technical Working Group on HRH (led by the Ministry of Health) and the World Bank's Africa Region Technical Team on HRH. The information in this book will provide a better basis for Ghanaian decision makers and external partners to have a dialogue on HRH and related policies. More broadly, Toward Interventions in Human Resources for Health in Ghana: Evidence for Health Workforce Planning and Results will be of interest to all those working to improve human resources for health in Africa and beyond.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52401499504913,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52401500094737,"sku":"NLS9780821396674","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821396674.jpg?v=1763225478"},{"product_id":"skills-for-the-21st-century-in-latin-america-and-the-caribbean-book-cristian-aedo-9780821389713","title":"Skills for the 21st Century in Latin America and the Caribbean","description":"This report contributes to the debate about the quality of education and returns to education investment in Latin America and the Caribbean (LCR). It aims to improve our understanding of the links from investment in education and training to labor market outcomes and to provide a basis for policy choices that will strengthen future outcomes. The report is organized in four main chapters. Chapter 2 documents the recent downturn in education earnings premia using standard 'mincerian' regressions based on household survey data. Chapter 3 explores the underlying supply-side and demand-side drivers of the trends in premia. It documents the recent expansion of education coverage in LCR, benchmarks it against other regions, and presents an in-depth analysis of the relative importance of shifts in the supply and demand for skills in generating declining earnings premia. Using a methodological approach first developed by Katz and Murphy, it concludes that demand-side changes appear to be the critical factor. It also analyzes the role of institutional factors, finding that minimum wages also have likely played an important role in the compression of labor earnings. Chapter 4 focuses on trends in student achievement and the cost-effectiveness of secondary education. It analyzes trends data from the OECDs PISA survey of 15-year-old children in secondary education which covered nine LCR countries in 2009. It shows that achievement is improving slowly, but remains well behind the OECD. It presents benchmarking evidence suggesting that LCR may be both under-resourcing secondary education and also getting poor returns per dollar invested -- a classic low-quality equilibrium. Chapter 5 presents evidence on the fit between the skill set of LCR workers and the needs of the economy, applying an approach first developed by Levy and Murnane in the U.S.A. Analysis of the industrial composition of employment in four countries suggests that LCR is lagging in those industries that require relatively sophisticated 'new economy skills in the U.S.A. Further evidence that cutting-edge firms in LCR might be facing skill constraints comes from the hiring lags registered in enterprise surveys.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52414726439185,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52414726865169,"sku":"NLS9780821389713","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821389713.jpg?v=1763224628"},{"product_id":"putting-nigeria-to-work-book-volker-treichel-9780821380727","title":"Putting Nigeria to Work","description":"Assesses the impact of the strong economic growth on employment. 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Although health outcomes here are some of the worst in the world, the sector has made considerable progress since 2001. A nationwide survey conducted in late 2006 found that the infant mortality rate had fallen from 165 to 129 per 1,000 live births, and the under-five mortality rate had fallen from 257 to 191 per 1,000 live births. These figures represent a 22 percent and a 26 percent decline, respectively, from the end of 2001. Similarly, coverage of prenatal care has increased from less than 5 percent to 32 percent, and childhood vaccinations of DPT3 (diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus) have increased from less than 20 percent to 35 percent between 2003 and 2006. Administrative data indicate that the number of functioning primary health care facilities has nearly doubled, from 498 in 2001 to more than 936 in 2008. Also, the quality of care in publicly financed facilities has increased by about 22 percent from 2004 to 2006. Although this progress is encouraging, it is not sufficient to ensure that Afghanistan will achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Building on Early Gains in Afghanistan's Health, Nutrition, and Population Sector presents specific policy options for Afghanistan's Ministry of Public Health to consider in advancing to the next level of care for its population. The guiding principles of these options are consistency with the ministry's vision and the feasibility of implementation. The specific challenges include revising the content of the basic package of health services (BPHS), rethinking the delivery of the BPHS, securing sustained and predictable financing, defining the role of the emerging private sector, addressing the shortage of human resources for health, and expanding the capacity of the ministry to enable it to effectively carry out its stewardship functions.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52434873319697,"sku":"NLS9780821383353","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821383353.jpg?v=1763224233"},{"product_id":"faire-de-l-enseignement-superieur-le-moteur-du-developpement-en-afrique-sub-saha-book-world-bank-group-9780821379264","title":"Faire de l'Enseignement superieur le moteur du developpement en Afrique Sub-saharienne","description":"The revival of economic growth across Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) since the beginning of the millennium is a heartening development. Sustaining it over the indefinite future is not only a necessity, but also a challenge of the first order. The key to economic success in a globalized world lies increasingly in how effectively a country can assimilate the available knowledge and build comparative advantage in selected areas with good growth prospects. Increasing the relevance of tertiary education and research in Sub-Saharan Africa will enable the region to increase its comparative advantage by pushing the frontiers of technology through innovation, encourage the diversification of products and services, and maximize returns from capital assets through more efficient allocation and management. African countries have gone far in achieving high levels of literacy and raising primary enrollments. This progress is providing a foundation for future development. Now it is necessary to move quickly to acquire the higher-order skills and expertise that will allow African countries to add value in existing economic activities and enter new industries and services. Accelerating Catch-up compellingly spells out the case for more knowledge-intensive growth and demands increasing attention to secondary and, most importantly, post-secondary education. It demonstrates why tertiary education systems in Sub-Saharan Africa must become better aligned with national economic development and poverty reduction strategies, and has identified the benefits likely to be associated with such a shift in perspective. It will be of great interest to international organizations, governments, research institutions, and universities throughout the region.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52476506276113,"sku":"NLS9780821379264","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821379264.jpg?v=1763224754"},{"product_id":"education-reform-in-mozambique-book-louise-fox-9780821389751","title":"Education Reform in Mozambique","description":"Coming out of civil war, Mozambique had an enormous education deficit. In 199, five years after the peace treaty, 80 percent of the labor force reported to have no education at all, and school enrollment outside the large cities was miserable. Since then, Mozambique has come a long way in improving access to lower and upper primary through sustained investments in education infrastructure and introduction of important reforms. The primary education reform programs implemented in 2004, combined with a continuing program of school construction and teacher training, resulted in a 70% increase in enrollment in EP1 over 4 years with the highest gains for the poorest and most vulnerable children. Yet there was only a slight increase in student\/teacher ratios. How did Mozambique do this, and what are the lessons going foward? The most important part of the reform appears to be the removal of the national school fee for primary level and the provision of free textbooks. These reforms provided the boost that poorer households needed to get their children in school. Continued investments in school construction helped as well. However, despite these efforts, there is still an education deficit. In 2008, over 1 million children who should be attending primary school were not. Over half of the children who began grade 1 in 2000 did not complete grade 7 by 2008. One reason is that school costs remain high, especially for grades 6 and above (EP2+). And quality is still not adequate in many schools. As a result, the transformation of the labor force is slow, as over half of the females who entered the labor force in the decade since 1997 did not even complete EP1. Analysis of employment and livelihood opportunities indicates that the transition out of subsistence agriculture requires primary education. This means that to achieve inclusive growth, the key strategic objective of the education system needs to be ensuring that as many children as possible start and finish primary school with competency in the basic subjects, as well as the skills to allow them to find productive economic activities and make these activities pay This book is aimed at policy makers in the education field. .","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52538598916369,"sku":"NLS9780821389751","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821389751.jpg?v=1763221289"},{"product_id":"children-and-youth-in-crisis-book-mattias-lundberg-9780821395479","title":"Children and Youth in Crisis","description":"The successful development of children and young people requires that we protect and nurture a set of interrelated physiological, cognitive, and socio-emotional systems. What happens to these systems in early life can have long-term consequences and can even carry over to the next generation. The impact of economic crises on human development is similarly complex and heterogeneous. Some families and some young people display astonishing resilience - either by being comparatively unscathed by crises or by their ability to recover quickly and healthily. Other families and individuals may be unable to prevent exposure, unable to protect themselves, or may not have the same capacity to adapt positively when exposed to a crisis, with potentially serious long-term consequences for healthy development. Human development lies at the intersections of neurology and sociology, genetics and psychology, biology and economics; and this volume approaches the study of shocks and human development from a variety of disciplinary perspectives: economics, sociology, anthropology, and social and developmental psychology. This volume describes the impact of aggregate shocks on human development, and the subtle and intricate settings and pathways through which individuals can be affected. Depending on the timing, duration, transmission mechanisms, and context, the consequences for children's physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development may be costly and irreversible. Fortunately, although children suffer in adversity, they can also benefit positively when exposed to enriching environments. We need to develop and implement effective interventions to prevent the worst consequences of exposure to shocks, and to assist families and young people to recover. This volume explores what we know about protecting young people from lasting harm and promoting healthy development through a crisis. This volume is intended for policymakers, civil society, and others engaged in promoting and protecting human development and in designing and implementing safety nets during crisis. This is a novel approach as it incorporates the experiences from such diverse disciplines to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions that define human development.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52584656503057,"sku":"NLS9780821395479","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821395479.jpg?v=1761050716"},{"product_id":"china-s-pension-system-book-mark-c-dorfman-9780821395400","title":"China's Pension System","description":"Comprehensive reform of China's pension and social security system is an essential element of achieving its objectives of a harmonious society and sustainable development. Over the past few years, the Government has considered various options and initiated several significant measures. In 2009 the authorities established a national framework for rural pensions, the Rural Pension Pilot Program (RPPP) and in 2011 a Pilot Social Pension Insurance for Urban Residents announced. In this process, it has articulated principles for a reformed urban pension system (indicated by 12 Chinese characters ) which are 'broad coverage, protects at the basic level, is multi-layered, and sustainable' while the principles for the rural system (indicated by 12 characters ) are 'broad coverage, protects at the basic level, flexible, and sustainable.' These principles underpin the commitments made at the 17th Party Congress towards a comprehensive and integrated social security system by 2020. Although substantial reforms of the pension system have been undertaken over the past two decades, some policymakers have suggested that additional reforms are needed to meet the needs of China's rapidly changing economy and society. Issues such as legacy costs, system fragmentation and limited coverage have not been fully addressed. At the same time, many new challenges have emerged such as rapid urbanization, increased income inequality and urban-rural disparities, greater informalization of the labor force, changes in family structure, and the effects of increased globalization. This report has been prepared at the request of the Ministry of Finance to develop a medium term vision of a holistic framework that could be realized by 2040 for strengthening old age income protection in China which is consistent with the principles outlined in the 12 characters and design options towards achieving it. The main body of this report outlines this vision -- summarizing the key features of a proposed medium-term pension system -- while the annexes provide the deeper analysis and context which underpins the recommendations contained herein.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52588420464913,"sku":"NLS9780821395400","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821395400.jpg?v=1763221141"},{"product_id":"government-sponsored-health-insurance-in-india-book-gerard-la-forgia-9780821396186","title":"Government Sponsored Health Insurance in India","description":"This book presents research findings on India's major central and state government-sponsored health insurance schemes (GSHISs). The analysis centers on the GSHISs launched since 2007. These schemes targeted poor populations, aiming to provide financial protection against catastrophic health shocks, defined in terms of inpatient care. Focus is on two lines of inquiry. The first involves institutional and operational opportunities and challenges regarding schemes' design features, governance arrangements, financial flows, cost-containment mechanisms, underlying stakeholder incentives, information asymmetries, and potential for impact on financial protection and on access to care and use by targeted beneficiaries. The second entails big picture questions on the future configuration of India's health financing and delivery systems that have surfaced, due in part to the appearance of a new wave of GSHISs. In addition to gains in population coverage, reaching about 185 million low-income beneficiaries by 2010, the new crop of schemes introduced a demand-side approach to public financing while embracing several innovation features, at least for the Indian context. These include: defined entitlements, separation of purchasing from financing, patient choice of providers, impressive use of information and communication technology and engagement with the private sector in the areas of insurance, administration and provision. Strong political interest in the schemes is also evident, especially at the state level and is a driver of increased public expenditures for health. The schemes face a number of operational challenges that have emerged during implementation and are examined in the book. They will need to strengthen institutional and governance arrangements, purchasing and contracting capacities, monitoring systems, and cost containment mechanisms. They need to use their financial leverage to improve the quality of network providers. Beneficiaries also appear to have insufficient information on enrolment, benefits and providers. The book recommends a series of corrective measures to address these shortcomings. The book outlines a pragmatic pathway toward achieving universal coverage that takes as a starting point the current configuration of health financing and delivery arrangements in India, recent trends in government health financing as well as innovations and lessons from the recent GSHISs analyzed in this book. The book concludes with a review of issues for further research.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52593904091409,"sku":"NLS9780821396186","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821396186.jpg?v=1763224332"},{"product_id":"investing-in-young-children-book-sophie-naudeau-9780821394823","title":"Investing in Young Children","description":"La Banque mondiale a redige ce guide du developpement de la petite enfance (DPE) pour repondre a la demande croissante de conseil et d'appui des responsables de programmes en matiere de dialogue politique sur le theme du DPE, et pour aider les clients a prendre et a mettre en oeuvre des decisions pertinentes sur la meilleure maniere d'investir dans le DPE dans le cadre de leur economie et de leurs priorites nationales. Ce guide comble un manque dans la litterature actuelle sur le sujet (1) en distillant l'information existante sous la forme de notes concises et faciles a utiliser;(2) en fournissant une information pratique sur les dernieres questions pertinentes relatives au DPE, telles que la mesure des resultats du developpement des enfants grace a l'identification et l'adaptation d'instruments efficaces, aux transferts monetaires conditionnels destines aux familles de jeunes enfants, et autres; et (3) en evaluant la qualite des derniers faits rapportes pour chaque sujet et en identifiant les lacunes en matiere de connaissances pour lesquelles des experimentations et evaluations complementaires sont necessaires.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52616886583569,"sku":"NLS9780821394823","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821394823.jpg?v=1761528678"},{"product_id":"public-works-as-a-safety-net-book-colin-andrews-9780821389683","title":"Public Works As a Safety Net","description":"Public Works as a Safety Net: Design, Evidence, and Implementation reviews the conceptual underpinnings and operational elements of public works programs around the world. Drawing from a rich evidence base including program documentation, policy papers, peer-reviewed publications, and empirical data from over 40 countries, it provides an overview of the state of public works programs and how they function as part of wider social protection systems. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of the design features and alternative models of public works implemented under diverse country settings.     Topics covered include program objectives, institutional and financing arrangements, targeting, costs and benefits, gender considerations, and monitoring and evaluation. Political economy issues that inform the development and effectiveness of public works programs are also addressed, bringing into focus the centrality of governance and transparency to ensure the achievement of program outcomes. The comprehensive nature of the review, and its thorough analysis of available data, fills a gap in knowledge related to public works program design and implementation.     The book should benefit both policy makers and practitioners involved in public works planning. It will also help inform future efforts to incorporate public works as an important tool of an integrated national social protection systems, that will help respond to unpredictable global shocks leading to sudden declines in employment, whether seasonal or systemic.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52633853427985,"sku":"NLS9780821389683","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821389683.jpg?v=1763220095"},{"product_id":"health-financing-in-ghana-book-george-schieber-9780821395660","title":"Health Financing in Ghana","description":"Ghana is one of only several African countries to enact legislation and earmark financing for universal health insurance coverage for its entire population. Seven years into its implementation the Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) has made significant progress in transitioning to universal coverage, but faces significant fiscal and coverage challenges. This study reviews Ghana's health financing system with a special emphasis on its National Health Insurance Scheme. Such an assessment is important because Ghana is often considered a global 'good practice' in terms of earmarking significant amounts of its general revenues for health insurance coverage, providing formal coverage to its vulnerable population groups, and extending coverage by transitioning its existing community health insurance schemes into a national health insurance program.   In addition to the global interest in the Ghana 'model', this review is timely in view of recent critiques of the system and questions about its financial sustainability. The study is also unique in terms of evaluating Ghana's NHIS in terms of basic health system goals of health outcomes, financial protection, consumer satisfaction, equity, efficiency, and financial sustainability. The strengths and weaknesses of Ghana's health financing system are assessed on the basis of these performance goals to provide the current health policy reform baseline.   The assessment is also based on several new and updated sources of information on: total health spending, inputs, outcomes, household spending, and the macro economy. It also undertakes for the first time an extensive international benchmarking analysis; assesses the financial protection\/equity of the system at both macro and micro levels; and, contains an extensive fiscal space analysis based on Ghana's new macroeconomic realities (i.e., the revaluation of Ghana's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) upward by some 60 percent in November 2010, making Ghana a lower middle income country). The study concludes with an assessment of potential structural and operational reform options to assure NHISs long-term efficacy and sustainability in the context of its future available fiscal space.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52656380903697,"sku":"NLS9780821395660","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821395660.jpg?v=1763225030"},{"product_id":"growing-old-in-an-older-brazil-book-michele-gragnolati-9780821388020","title":"Growing Old in an Older Brazil","description":"Brazil is in the middle of a profound socioeconomic transformation driven by demographic change. Because of profound changes in mortality and, especially, fertility over the past four decades the population at older ages then begun to increase, a trend that will become more and more rapid as time progresses. While it took more than a century for France's population, aged 65 and above, to increase from 7 to 14 percent of the total population, the same demographic change will occur in the next two decades in Brazil (between 2011 and 2031). The elderly population will more than triple within the next four decades, from less than 20 million in 2010 to approximately 65 million in 2050. On the one side, these shifts in population age structure will lead to substantial additional fiscal pressures on publicly financed health care and pensions, along with substantial reductions in fiscal pressures for publicly financed education. Public transfers in Brazil have been very effective in reducing poverty among the elderly in both urban and rural areas. However, without substantial changes, the aging of the population will put a strain on the current system that will result in some critical trade-offs with consequence for poverty among other vulnerable groups and for the growth prospects of the country. One the other side, given the strong association between people's economic behavior and the life cycle, changes in the population age structure have a major impact on economic development. This book investigates the impact of demographic changes on several dimensions of the Brazilian economy and society. It does so in a comprehensive and systematic way that captures the broad complexity of issues, from economic growth to poverty, from public financing of social services and transfers to savings, from employment to health and long-term care, and their interrelations.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52658726469905,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52658727682321,"sku":"NLS9780821388020","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821388020.jpg?v=1762261333"},{"product_id":"in-from-the-shadow-book-truman-g-packard-9780821395493","title":"In from the Shadow","description":"What to do about the extent of unregulated informal employment and the size of the shadow economy is a dilemma that has been gaining urgency, particularly in Europe's periphery. The forces that accompany globalization put a premium on mobility and skill-renewal. Rapid population ageing will require that people work longer and be far more productive. To achieve this, social and economic institutions have to be more pro-employment, encouraging greater participation in the formal economy. And looking ahead, public financial resources will be increasingly scarce, giving urgency to measures that can significantly and sustainably increase tax revenue. This book is about workers in Europe who earn a living working full or part-time in untaxed markets for goods, services and labor. Their activities are not registered as part of the economy, and because they go unrecorded, they are also unregulated. This makes them illegal although not in essence criminal. Some call this the underground economy, black market or the shadow economy. Widespread informal employment in the shadow economy posses problems for individuals and their families, but it is also a problem for firms and society. This volume presents the rationale and steps policy makers in the EU's newest member countries should take to bring as much economic activity in from the shadow economy as they can. The authors venture a general conclusion: Although it may be necessary to improve the structural incentives created by the structure of taxation, labor market regulation, and social protection policies, doing so is not sufficient to achieve real improvement. As important, is a government's credibility in the eyes of working people in carrying out the state's unique and critical role of providing and maintaining public goods. The process of improving governance and increasing institutional credibility is long and difficult, but key to changing the circumstances that lead people into the shadowy unregulated and untaxed markets. Deriving specific policy guidance and recommendations from rigorous analysis using administrative and unit-level survey data the book draws a set of general policy suggestions for EU members, old and new, as well as those who aspire to join the Union. Although aimed specifically at emerging Europe, this policy guidance will resonate with decision makers in middle and upper-middle income countries in other parts of the world.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52661805515025,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52661806104849,"sku":"NLS9780821395493","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821395493.jpg?v=1773482181"},{"product_id":"health-sector-in-ghana-book-karima-saleh-9780821395998","title":"The Health Sector in Ghana","description":"Ghana's demographic profile is changing, and demographic, epidemiological, and nutrition transitions are well underway. However, several of Ghana's health outcome performances, especially in terms of child health and maternal health, are worse than the levels found in other comparable lower middle income and health spending countries. The volume is timely, given the stage of the Ghana's development. It briefly discusses some of the debates in Ghana's health sector: decentralization and governance, private sector partnership, strengthening health systems, and health financing. It brings together several elements of health system development and challenges and links it to health financing and delivery performance. The volume reviews the situation among human resources for health and pharmaceuticals. The private sector is growing and attention is required on its development. The volume benefits from health service delivery assessments in the public and private sectors, and finds large variations in distribution and weak incentives to improve productivity and performance. It also reviews the demand side financing reform, its coverage of the population and its effect on service use and the financial sustainability of the National Health Insurance Scheme. There is fragmentation in financing of public health, and inefficiency in health spending, and there is need to improve spending in areas that provide a higher value for money. Data overall has been a constraint, however, the study benefits from various household level surveys to disaggregate the analysis by income quintiles. It also reviews the household's vulnerability to health shocks and their financial protection against illness costs. There is inequity in health access, health service use, and health outcomes. The Northern regions have poorer results. Finally, the volume highlights the range of policy options needed to improve health system performance and health outcomes. At this stage of the country's development, and taking the agenda for reform to the next level, the Government of Ghana could embark on significant reforms in the areas of (a) decentralization and governance, (b) health service delivery, (c) public health, and (d) health financing. Further it should set up a holistic and accountable health reform process as it transitions to universal coverage along with its concomitant service delivery, public health, and governance reforms.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52664941347089,"sku":"NLS9780821395998","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780821395998.jpg?v=1763224322"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/directions-in-development-human-development-ser-book-series.oembed?page=3","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}