{"title":"Environmental Ethics And Science Policy Series","description":"\u003cp\u003eDelve into the crucial discussions shaping our planet's future with the Environmental Ethics and Science Policy Series. Explore insightful perspectives at the intersection of environmentalism, ethics, and policy.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"perfect-moral-storm-book-stephen-m-gardiner-9780195379440","title":"A Perfect Moral Storm","description":"Climate change is arguably the great problem confronting humanity, but we have done little to head off this looming catastrophe. In The Perfect Moral Storm, philosopher Stephen Gardiner illuminates our dangerous inaction by placing the environmental crisis in an entirely new light, considering it as an ethical failure. Gardiner clarifies the moral situation, identifying the temptations (or \"storms\") that make us vulnerable to a certain kind of corruption. First, the world's most affluent nations are tempted to pass on the cost of climate change to the poorer and weaker citizens of the world. Second, the present generation is tempted to pass the problem on to future generations. Third, our poor grasp of science, international justice, and the human relationship to nature helps to facilitate inaction. As a result, we are engaging in willful self-deception when the lives of future generations, the world's poor, and even the basic fabric of life on the planet is at stake. We should wake up to this profound ethical failure, Gardiner concludes, and demand more of our institutions, our leaders and ourselves.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49526227009809,"sku":"GOR005775330","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50310982664465,"sku":"CIN0195379446G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":50999813800209,"sku":"NIN9780195379440","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51415548461329,"sku":"CIN0195379446VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52109950091537,"sku":"GOR013793130","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52516060135697,"sku":"NLS9780195379440","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0195379446.jpg?v=1751164410"},{"product_id":"acceptable-evidence-book-deborah-g-mayo-9780195089295","title":"Acceptable Evidence","description":"Discussions of science and values in risk management have largely focused on how values enter into arguments about risks, that is, issues of acceptable risk. Instead this volume concentrates on how values enter into collecting, interpreting, communicating, and evaluating the evidence of risks, that is, issues of the acceptability of evidence of risk.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49595679801617,"sku":"GOR002914308","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52335391408401,"sku":"NLS9780195089295","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0195089294.jpg?v=1751164211"},{"product_id":"what-will-work-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780199794638","title":"What Will Work","description":"What Will Work makes a rigorous and compelling case that energy efficiencies and renewable energy-and not nuclear fission or \"clean coal\"-are the most effective, cheapest, and equitable solutions to the pressing problem of climate change.   Kristin Shrader-Frechette, a respected environmental ethicist and scientist, makes a damning case that the only reason that debate about climate change continues is because fossil-fuel interests pay non-experts to confuse the public. She then builds a comprehensive case against the argument made by many that nuclear fission is a viable solution to the problem, arguing that data on the viability of nuclear power has been misrepresented by the nuclear industry and its supporters. In particular she says that they present deeply flawed cases that nuclear produces low greenhouse gas emissions, that it is financially responsible, that it is safe, and that its risks do not fall mainly on the poor and vulnerable. She argues convincingly that these are all completely false assumptions.  Shrader-Frechette then shows that energy efficiency and renewable solutions meet all these requirements - in particular affordability, safety, and equitability. In the end, the cheapest, lowest-carbon, most-sustainable energy solutions also happen to be the most ethical.   This urgent book on the most pressing issue of our time will be of interest to anyone involved in environmental and energy policy.   \"An extraordinary achievement by a philosopher-scientist and public intellectual. The book is unmatched in its synthesis of the empirical data, theory and ethics that infuse the climate-change debates. Its overpowering but transparent argument should be mandatory reading for every elected official. Shrader-Frechette takes practical logic and scientific transparency to new heights. The best book written in the last decade on climate change.\" - Sheldon Krimsky, Tufts University  \"Shrader-Frechette's book is outstanding. She makes a thorough review of the scientific evidence on nuclear health risks, and also explains the political and economic forces affecting public policy. Very readable for scientists, policy makers, and the public.\" - Joseph J. Mangano, Radiation and Public Health Project, New York  \"Fascinating and important! Shrader-Frechette presents the scientific, economic, and ethical evidence for the failure of nuclear power -- it is neither carbon-free nor a viable solution to the energy crisis and global warming. While explaining the nuances of the scientific, economic and ethical arguments, the author teaches the reader why solar and wind energy, along with energy efficiency changes, will yield a safe, healthy, reliable and economically efficient energy future for the planet.\" - Colleen F. Moore, University of Wisconsin, author of Children and Pollution: Why Scientists Disagree","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49648671916305,"sku":"GOR009510602","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51612420210961,"sku":"CIN0199794634G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0199794634.jpg?v=1751291072"},{"product_id":"perfect-moral-storm-book-stephen-m-gardiner-9780199985142","title":"A Perfect Moral Storm","description":"Climate change is arguably the great problem confronting humanity, but we have done little to head off this looming catastrophe. In The Perfect Moral Storm, philosopher Stephen Gardiner illuminates our dangerous inaction by placing the environmental crisis in an entirely new light, considering it as an ethical failure. Gardiner clarifies the moral situation, identifying the temptations (or \"storms\") that make us vulnerable to a certain kind of corruption. First, the world's most affluent nations are tempted to pass on the cost of climate change to the poorer and weaker citizens of the world. Second, the present generation is tempted to pass the problem on to future generations. Third, our poor grasp of science, international justice, and the human relationship to nature helps to facilitate inaction. As a result, we are engaging in willful self-deception when the lives of future generations, the world's poor, and even the basic fabric of life on the planet is at stake. We should wake up to this profound ethical failure, Gardiner concludes, and demand more of our institutions, our leaders and ourselves.  \"This is a radical book, both in the sense that it faces extremes and in the sense that it goes to the roots.\" --Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews   \"The book's strength lies in Gardiner's success at understanding and clarifying the types of moral issues that climate change raises, which is an important first step toward solutions.\" --Science Magazine   \"Gardiner has expertly explored some very instinctual and vitally important considerations which cannot realistically be ignored. --Required reading.\" --Green Prophet  \"Gardiner makes a strong case for highlighting and insisting on the ethical dimensions of the climate problem, and his warnings about buck-passing and the dangerous appeal of moral corruptions hit home.\" --Times Higher Education  \"Stephen Gardiner takes to a new level our understanding of the moral dimensions of climate change. A Perfect Moral Storm argues convincingly that climate change is the greatest moral challenge our species has ever faced - and that the problem goes even deeper than we think.\" --Peter Singer, Princeton University","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50007514677521,"sku":"CIN0199985146G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50697008480529,"sku":"NGR9780199985142","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50883265134865,"sku":"GOR004975039","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51000241226001,"sku":"NIN9780199985142","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52665914523921,"sku":"NLS9780199985142","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53496498618641,"sku":"GOR014946333","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0199985146.jpg?v=1751195053"},{"product_id":"only-one-chance-book-philippe-grandjean-9780190239732","title":"Only One Chance","description":"Today, one out of every six children suffers from some form of neurodevelopmental abnormality. The causes are mostly unknown. Some environmental chemicals are known to cause brain damage and many more are suspected of it, but few have been tested for such effects. Philippe Grandjean provides an authoritative and engaging analysis of how environmental hazards can damage brain development and what we can do about it.   The brain's development is uniquely sensitive to toxic chemicals, and even small deficits may negatively impact our academic achievements, economic success, risk of delinquency, and quality of life. Chemicals such as mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), arsenic, and certain pesticides pose an insidious threat to the development of the next generation's brains. When chemicals in the environment affect the development of a child's brain, he or she is at risk for mental retardation, cerebral palsy, autism, ADHD, and a range of learning disabilities and other deficits that will remain for a lifetime.  We can halt chemical brain drain and protect the next generation, however, and Grandjean tells us how. First, we need to control all of the 200 industrial chemicals that have already been proven to affect brain functions in adults, as their effects on the developing brain are likely even worse. We must also push for routine testing for brain toxicity, stricter regulation of chemical emissions, and more required disclosure on the part of industries who unleash hazardous chemicals into products and the environment. Decisions can still be made to protect the brains of future generations.   \"In his crisply written, deeply documented book, Dr. Philippe Grandjean, renowned physician and public health specialist, describes the exquisite vulnerability of the developing human brain to toxic chemicals in the environment, a vulnerability that he ascribes to the brain's almost unimaginable complexity. Today, nearly one in 6 children is born with a neurodevelopmental disorder - a birth defect of the brain. One in 8 has attention deficit disorder. One in 68 is diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. These rates are far higher than those of a generation ago, and, although they are less publicized, the problems are more prevalent than those caused by thalidomide in the 1960's. The increases are far too rapid to be genetic. They cannot be explained by better diagnosis. How then could they have come to be? Dr. Grandjean has a diagnosis -- the thousands of toxic chemicals that have been released to the environment in the past 40 years with no testing for toxicity. David P. Rall, former Director of the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, once stated that 'If thalidomide had caused a ten-point loss of IQ rather than obvious birth defects of the limbs, it would probably still be on the market'. This is the core message of Dr. Grandjean's 'must read' book.\" - Philip J. Landrigan, Dean for Global Health, Ethel H. Wise Professor and Chairman and Director, Children's Environmental Health Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50345956704529,"sku":"CIN0190239735G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":50999593632017,"sku":"NIN9780190239732","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52138070147345,"sku":"NLS9780190239732","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0190239735.jpg?v=1751226704"},{"product_id":"experts-in-uncertainty-book-roger-m-cooke-9780195064650","title":"Experts in Uncertainty","description":"This is an extensive survey and critical examination of the literature on the use of expert opinion in scientific inquiry and policy making.  Cooke considers how expert opinion is being used today, how an expert's uncertainty is or should be represented, how people do or should reason with uncertainty, how the quality and usefulness of expert opinion can be assessed, and how the views of several experts might be combined. He argues for the importance of developing practical models with a transparent mathematical foundation for the use of expert opinion in science, and presents three tested models. Detailed case studies illustrate how they can be applied to a diversity of real problems in engineering and planning.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50524171993361,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50524174287121,"sku":"CIN0195064658G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52127006589201,"sku":"NLS9780195064650","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/B0060ZBPFS.jpg?v=1750812192"},{"product_id":"tainted-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780190603816","title":"Tainted","description":"Three-fourths of scientific research in the United States is funded by special interests. Many of these groups have specific practical goals, such as developing pharmaceuticals or establishing that a pollutant causes only minimal harm. For groups with financial conflicts of interest, their scientific findings often can be deeply flawed.  To uncover and assess these scientific flaws, award-winning biologist and philosopher of science Kristin Shrader-Frechette uses the analytical tools of classic philosophy of science. She identifies and evaluates the concepts, data, inferences, methods, models, and conclusions of science tainted by the influence of special interests. As a result, she challenges accepted scientific findings regarding risks such as chemical toxins and carcinogens, ionizing radiation, pesticides, hazardous-waste disposal, development of environmentally sensitive lands, threats to endangered species, and less-protective standards for workplace-pollution exposure. In so doing, she dissects the science on which many contemporary scientific controversies turn. Demonstrating and advocating \"liberation science,\" she shows how practical, logical, methodological, and ethical evaluations of science can both improve its quality and credibility -- and protect people from harm caused by flawed science, such as underestimates of cancers caused by bovine growth hormones, cell phones, fracking, or high-voltage wires.  This book is both an in-depth look at the unreliable scientific findings at the root of contemporary debates in biochemistry, ecology, economics, hydrogeology, physics, and zoology -- and a call to action for scientists, philosophers of science, and all citizens.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50696970666257,"sku":"NGR9780190603816","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52488738210065,"sku":"NLS9780190603816","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52734463148305,"sku":"NIN9780190603816","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/019060381X.jpg?v=1751070109"},{"product_id":"taking-action-saving-lives-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780199767243","title":"Taking Action, Saving Lives","description":"In the United States alone, industrial and agricultural toxins account for about 60,000 avoidable cancer deaths annually. Pollution-related health costs to Americans are similarly staggering: $13 billion a year from asthma, $351 billion from cardiovascular disease, and $240 billion from occupational disease and injury. Most troubling, children, the poor, and minorities bear the brunt of these health tragedies. Why, asks Kristin Shrader-Frechette, has the government failed to protect us, and what can we do about it? In this book, at once brilliant and accessible, Shrader-Frechette reveals how politicians, campaign contributors, and lobbyists--and their power over media, advertising, and public relations--have conspired to cover up environmental disease and death. She also shows how science and regulators themselves are frequently \"captured\" by well-funded polluters and special interests. But most important, the author puts both the blame--and the solution--on the shoulders of ordinary citizens. She argues that everyone, especially in a democracy, has a duty to help prevent avoidable environmental deaths, to remain informed about, and involved in, public-health and environmental decision-making. Toward this end, she outlines specific, concrete ways in which people can contribute to life-saving reforms, many of them building on recommendations of the American Public Health Association.  As disturbing as it is, Shrader-Frechette's message is ultimately hopeful. Calling for a new \"democratic revolution,\" she reminds us that while only a fraction of the early colonists supported the American Revolution, that tiny group managed to change the world. Her book embodies the conviction that we can do the same for environmental health, particularly if citizens become the change they seek.  \"Influential and impressive. \" - Nicholas A. Ashford, Massachusetts Institute of Technology \"Important and compelling, clearly written, accessible. I enthusiastically recommend this book.\" - James F. Childress, University of Virginia \"This book shakes the reader.\" - Avner de-Shalit, Hebrew University of Jerusalem \"Powerful, perspicuous, convincing. Essential reading for today.\" - Inmaculada de Melo-Martin \"A must-read - a book you won't want to put down.\" - Kevin Elliott, University of South Carolina \"An eloquent and persuasive plea to scientists and citizens.\" - George W. Fisher, Johns Hopkins University \"Engaging, compelling - deserves to be read by nearly everyone.\" - William R. Freudenberg, University of California, Santa Barbara \"By one of America's foremost philosophers and public intellectuals; immensely readable, courageous, often startling, insightful.\" - Richard Hiskes, University of Connecticut \"Timely, accessible, and written with enviable clarity and passion. A distinguished philosopher sounds an ethical call to arms to prevent illness and death from pollution.\" - Sheila Jasanoff, Harvard University \"A blistering account of how advocacy must be brought to bear on issues of justice and public health.\" - Jeffrey Kahn, University of Minnesota \"Breaks new ground in linking environmental protection with social justice. A brilliant inquiry.\" - Sheldon Krimsky, Tufts University \"Powerful, lucid, disturbing, poignantly hopeful, lively; deserves to be widely read.\" - Hugh Lacey, Swarthmore College \"A powerful call to action that needs to be heard by consumers and policymakers alike.\" - Anna C. Mastroianni, University of Washington \"No other author can so forcefully bring together ethical analysis, government policy, and environmental science. Outstanding.\" - Colleen Moore, University of Wisconsin \"Accessible, thoughtful, exceptional. It made me want to go out and slay a few dragons of my own!\" - Felicity Sackville Northcott, Johns Hopkins University \"Convincing, with an impressive command of scientific knowledge. No book more clearly demonstrates the need for citizen action.\" - Mark Sagoff, University of Maryland \"Like Rachel Carson's Silent Spring - brilliant, brave.\" - Sylvia Hood Washington, University of Illinois, Chicago \"This book is inspirational as much as it is scientific....Highly recommended.\" -- CHOICE","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51149664420113,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51149665796369,"sku":"NIN9780199767243","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52400995074321,"sku":"NLS9780199767243","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0199767246.jpg?v=1751258787"},{"product_id":"environmental-justice-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780195183573","title":"Environmental Justice","description":"Shrader-Frechette offers a rigorous philosophical discussion of environmental justice. Explaining fundamental ethical concepts such as equality, property rights, procedural justice, free informed consent, intergenerational equity, and just compensation--and then bringing them to bear on real-world social issues--she shows how many of these core concepts have been compromised for a large segment of the global population, among them Appalachians, African-Americans, workers in hazardous jobs, and indigenous people in developing nations. She argues that burdens like pollution and resource depletion need to be apportioned more equally, and that there are compelling ethical grounds for remedying our environmental problems. She also argues that those affected by environmental problems must be included in the process of remedying those problems; that all citizens have a duty to engage in activism on behalf of Environmental Justice; and that in a democracy it is the people, not the government, that are ultimately responsible for fair use of the environment.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51415559307537,"sku":"CIN0195183576G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52355155886353,"sku":"NLS9780195183573","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53498386710801,"sku":"CIN0195183576VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0195183576.jpg?v=1751389512"},{"product_id":"democracy-risk-and-community-book-richard-p-hiskes-9780195120080","title":"Democracy, Risk, and Community","description":"This controversial book explores the connection between technological risk and basic concepts of liberal political theory and practice. Arguing that modern risks are emergent and therefore not reducible to individual actors or events, Hiskes demonstrates how risks challenge the most basic concepts of liberal political theory and democratic politics, including the ideas of consent, authority, rights, and moral responsibility. He argues forcefully that successful policy for risk depends on understanding the dynamic between risk and liberal concepts.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52089115607313,"sku":"NLS9780195120080","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195120080.jpg?v=1756905820"},{"product_id":"privatizing-public-lands-book-scott-lehmann-9780195089721","title":"Privatizing Public Lands","description":"At the present time, the United States federal government retains title to roughly a quarter of the nation's land, including national parks, forests, wildlife refuges, and several hundred million miscellaneous acres. Managing these properties is expensive and often contentious, and few management decisions escape criticism. Some observers, however, argue that this criticism is misdirected, that the fundamental problem is collective ownership itself; the solution, therefore, would be a move toward privatization of such property. A free market, it is claimed, directs privately owned resources to their most productive uses, and privatizing public lands would create a free market for their services. This timely study critically examines these claims, interrogating the concept of productivity. Lehmann argues that there is no way of understanding productive so that greater productivity is at once desirable and a likely consequence of privatizing public lands or marketizing their management. The discussion is fully self-contained, with background chapters on federal lands and management agencies, economics, and ethics. It will interest philosophers, public policy analysts, and all those concerned about the future of land use in the United States.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52127059509521,"sku":"NLS9780195089721","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195089721.jpg?v=1757482311"},{"product_id":"in-nature-s-interests-book-gary-varner-9780195152012","title":"In Nature's Interests?","description":"This work responds to the assumption that animal rights philosophies and anthropocentric views are each antithetical to sound environmental policy. Allowing that all living things have interests which should be protected, the author contends that some interests take priority over others.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52134530187537,"sku":"NLS9780195152012","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195152012.jpg?v=1757543017"},{"product_id":"regulating-toxic-substances-book-carl-f-cranor-9780195074369","title":"Regulating Toxic Substances","description":"This book in the philosophy of law and risk assessment is concerned with the topic is standards of evidence in legal proceedings and regulatory decisions about the toxicity of chemicals. Cranor argues that the scientific and statistical criteria usually used to determine whether substances are toxic are too rigorous and time-consuming for evidentiary purposes in tort cases and for regulation. The result is the under-regulation of toxic substances and the under-compensation of plaintiffs in tort cases. Cranor proposes the evidential standards now used should be evaluated with the purposes of the law in mind.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52346886258961,"sku":"NLS9780195074369","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52734487986449,"sku":"NIN9780195074369","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195074369.jpg?v=1758176911"},{"product_id":"regulating-toxic-substances-book-carl-f-cranor-9780195113785","title":"Regulating Toxic Substances","description":"In this paperback reprint of a book originally published in 1993, Carl Cranor argues that the scientific and statistical criteria usually used to determine whether substances are toxic are too rigorous and time-consuming for evidentiary purposes in tort cases and for regulation. This results in the underregulation of toxic substances and the undercompensation of plaintiffs in tort cases. Cranor proposes that the evidential standards now used should be evaluated with the purposes of the law in mind. The choice of standards is, in effect, a choice between economic costs to society and health costs to individuals. Cranor argues persuasively that justice requires that priority be given to avoiding the latter.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52354132214033,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52354135621905,"sku":"NLS9780195113785","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195113785.jpg?v=1758183608"},{"product_id":"in-nature-s-interests-book-gary-varner-9780195108651","title":"In Nature's Interests?","description":"A criticism of the view that animal rights philosophies and anthropocentric ideals are antithetical to sound environmental policy in the ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND SCIENCE POLICY series. The author defends a biocentric individualist stance, claiming that this view can also support the goals on the environmentalist agenda.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52401698570513,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52401699258641,"sku":"NLS9780195108651","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195108651.jpg?v=1758755540"},{"product_id":"what-will-work-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780190215187","title":"What Will Work","description":"What Will Work makes a rigorous and compelling case that energy efficiencies and renewable energy - and not nuclear fission or clean coal- are the most effective, cheapest, and equitable solutions to the pressing problem of climate change.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52404503019793,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52404503871761,"sku":"NLS9780190215187","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780190215187.jpg?v=1758764430"},{"product_id":"is-a-little-pollution-good-for-you-book-kevin-c-elliott-9780199755622","title":"Is a Little Pollution Good for You?","description":"Could low-level exposure to polluting chemicals be analogous to exercise - a beneficial source of stress that strengthens the body? Some scientists studying the phenomenon of hormesis (beneficial or stimulatory effects caused by low-dose exposure to toxic substances) claim that that this may be the case. Is a Little Pollution Good for You? critically examines the current evidence for hormesis. In the process, it highlights the range of methodological and interpretive judgments involved in environmental research: choices about what questions to ask and how to study them, decisions about how to categorize and describe new information, judgments about how to interpret and evaluate ambiguous evidence, and questions about how to formulate public policy in response to debated scientific findings. The book also uncovers the ways that interest groups with deep pockets attempt to influence these scientific judgments for their benefit. Several chapters suggest ways to counter these influences and incorporate a broader array of societal values in environmental research: (1) moving beyond conflict-of-interest policies to develop new ways of safeguarding academic research from potential biases; (2) creating deliberative forums in which multiple stakeholders can discuss the judgments involved in policy-relevant research; and (3) developing ethical guidelines that can assist scientific experts in disseminating debated and controversial phenomena to the public. Kevin C. Elliott illustrates these strategies in the hormesis case, as well as in two additional case studies involving contemporary environmental research: endocrine disruption and multiple chemical sensitivity. This book should be of interest to a wide variety of readers, including scientists, philosophers, policy makers, environmental ethicists and activists, research ethicists, industry leaders, and concerned citizens.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52434429018385,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52434429706513,"sku":"NLS9780199755622","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780199755622.jpg?v=1759180575"},{"product_id":"across-the-boundaries-book-daniel-steel-9780195331448","title":"Across the Boundaries","description":"The biological and social sciences often generalize causal conclusions from one context or location to others that may differ in some relevant respects, as is illustrated by inferences from animal models to humans or from a pilot study to a broader population. Inferences like these are known as extrapolations. The question of how and when extrapolation can be legitimate is a fundamental issue for the biological and social sciences that has not received the attention it deserves. In Across the Boundaries, Steel argues that previous accounts of extrapolation are inadequate and proposes a better approach that is able to answer methodological critiques of extrapolation from animal models to humans.    Across the Boundaries develops the thought that knowledge of mechanisms linking cause to effect can serve as a basis for extrapolation. Despite its intuitive appeal, this idea faces several obstacles. Extrapolation is worthwhile only when there are stringent practical or ethical limitations on what can be learned about the target (say, human) population by studying it directly. Meanwhile, the mechanisms approach rests on the idea that extrapolation is justified when mechanisms are the same or similar enough. Yet since mechanisms may differ significantly between model and target, it needs to be explained how the suitability of the model could be established given only very limited information about the target. Moreover, since model and target are rarely alike in all relevant respects, an adequate account of extrapolation must also explain how extrapolation can be legitimate even when some causally relevant differences are present.    Steel explains how his proposal can answer these challenges, illustrates his account with a detailed biological case study, and explores its implications for such traditional philosophy of science topics ceteris paribus laws and reductionism. Finally, he considers whether mechanisms-based extrapolation can work in social science.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52455363313937,"sku":"NLS9780195331448","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53498646167825,"sku":"GOR014947689","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195331448.jpg?v=1776939912"},{"product_id":"taking-action-saving-lives-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780195325461","title":"Taking Action, Saving Lives","description":"Pollution annually kills hundreds of thousands of people. In a brilliant, disturbing, yet readable book, Shrader-Frechette shows why this environmental epidemic continues. Campaign contributors, lobbyists, and special interests often control information by capturing media and even science itself. Yet Shrader-Frechette puts the blame - and the solution - on the shoulders of ordinary citizens. Calling for a new \"democratic revolution.\" Arguing that justice requires us each to become he change we seek, she offers many concrete proposals for reform - many based on American Public Health Association recommendations.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52516047094033,"sku":"NLS9780195325461","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52734493688081,"sku":"NIN9780195325461","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780195325461.jpg?v=1760499912"},{"product_id":"tainted-book-kristin-shrader-frechette-9780199396412","title":"Tainted","description":"This is the first book on practical philosophy of science and how to practically evaluate scientific findings that have life-and-death consequences. Showing how to uncover scores of scientific flaws -- typically used by special interests who try to justify their deadly pollution -- this book aims to liberate the many potential victims of environmentally-induced disease and death.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52616765702417,"sku":"NLS9780199396412","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780199396412.jpg?v=1761528304"},{"product_id":"is-a-little-pollution-good-for-you-book-kevin-c-elliott-9780199374069","title":"Is a Little Pollution Good for You?","description":"Could low-level exposure to polluting chemicals be analogous to exercise -- a beneficial source of stress that strengthens the body? Some scientists studying the phenomenon of hormesis (beneficial or stimulatory effects caused by low-dose exposure to toxic substances) claim that that this may be the case. Is A Little Pollution Good For You? critically examines the current evidence for hormesis. In the process, it highlights the range of methodological and interpretive judgments involved in environmental research: choices about what questions to ask and how to study them, decisions about how to categorize and describe new information, judgments about how to interpret and evaluate ambiguous evidence, and questions about how to formulate public policy in response to debated scientific findings. The book also uncovers the ways that interest groups with deep pockets attempt to influence these scientific judgments for their benefit. Several chapters suggest ways to counter these influences and incorporate a broader array of societal values in environmental research: (1) moving beyond conflict-of-interest policies to develop new ways of safeguarding academic research from potential biases; (2) creating deliberative forums in which multiple stakeholders can discuss the judgments involved in policy-relevant research; and (3) developing ethical guidelines that can assist scientific experts in disseminating debated and controversial phenomena to the public. Kevin C. Elliott illustrates these strategies in the hormesis case, as well as in two additional case studies involving contemporary environmental research: endocrine disruption and multiple chemical sensitivity. This book should be of interest to a wide variety of readers, including scientists, philosophers, policy makers, environmental ethicists and activists, research ethicists, industry leaders, and concerned citizens.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52683012276497,"sku":"NLS9780199374069","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780199374069.jpg?v=1762319572"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/environmental-ethics-and-science-policy-series-book-series.oembed?page=2","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}