{"title":"Iarc Monographs On The Evaluation Of Carcinogenic Risks To Humans","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"ionizing-radiation-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212751","title":"Ionizing Radiation","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposure to X- and g-radiation and to neutrons from external sources. The book opens with a general introduction to nomenclature dissymmetric methods and models in the occupational and environmental settings the behavior of radiation in biological tissues and sources of human exposure. Natural background radiation is identified as by far the largest source of exposure for the world's population. The medical use of X-rays and radiopharmaceuticals constitutes the next most significant source followed by exposure from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. The collective doses from other sources of radiation are considered much less important. The first and most monograph on X- and g-radiation reviews the large body of evidence arising from the extensive investigation of carcinogenic effects in humans mainly in survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan and patients exposed to radiation for medical reasons. In both groups, an excess number of cases of leukemia and other cancers have been observed. Irradiation during childhood increases the risk of thyroid cancer while an increase in breast cancer risk has been observed after irradiation of pre-menopausal women. X-rays and g-rays have also been tested for carcinogenicity at various doses and under various conditions in a range of animal species. In adult animals, the incidences of leukemia and of mammary lung and thyroid tumors were increased in a dose-dependent manner with both types of radiation. Prenatal exposure also gave rise to increased incidences of various types of tumors. Based on this evidence the monograph concludes that X-radiation and g-radiation are carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to neutrons is evaluated in the second monograph, which concentrates on risks associated with the exposure of patients to neutron radiotherapy beams and exposures of aircraft passengers and crew. In high-altitude cities neutrons can constitute as much as 25% of background radiation. Neutrons from various sources with wide ranges of mean energy have been tested for carcinogenicity in different animal species and at various doses and dose rates. In adult animals, the incidences of leukemia and ovarian mammary lung and liver cancer were increased in a dose-related manner. Prenatal and parental exposure resulted in increased incidences of liver tumors in the offspring. In virtually all studies, neutrons were more effective in inducing tumors than were X-rays and g-rays when compared on the basis of absorbed dose. Although no adequate human carcinogenicity data were available for assessment, the monograph used other relevant data including evidence of DNA damage to reach the conclusion that neutrons are carcinogenic to humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49596666478865,"sku":"GOR012682006","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337544823057,"sku":"NLS9789283212751","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763182301457,"sku":"NIN9789283212751","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212754.jpg?v=1775728098"},{"product_id":"occupational-exposures-in-petroleum-refining-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212454","title":"Occupational exposures in petroleum refining","description":"Represents the views of an IARC Working Group which met in Lyon, 1-8 March 1988","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51065668370705,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51065670238481,"sku":"NIN9789283212454","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52127416123665,"sku":"NLS9789283212454","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212452.jpg?v=1750732242"},{"product_id":"man-made-mineral-fibres-and-radon-book-iarc-working-group-on-the-eval-9789283212430","title":"Man-made mineral fibres and radon","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by man-made mineral fibres and radon.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51140784390417,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51140786913553,"sku":"NIN9789283212430","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121795199249,"sku":"NLS9789283212430","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/B00JUIIGHW.jpg?v=1751254789"},{"product_id":"some-organic-solvents-resin-monomers-and-related-compounds-pigments-and-occupati-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212478","title":"Some organic solvents, resin monomers and related compounds, pigments and occupational exposures in paint manufacture and painting","description":"Represents the views etc. of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Lyon, 18-15 October 1988","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51140797989137,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51140799496465,"sku":"NIN9789283212478","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212479.jpg?v=1751001147"},{"product_id":"diesel-and-gasoline-engine-exhausts-and-some-nitroarenes-book-iarc-9789283212102","title":"Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes","description":"In 1988, IARC classified diesel exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). An Advisory Group which reviews and recommends future priorities for the IARC Monographs Program had recommended diesel exhaust as a high priority for re-evaluation since 1998.There has been mounting concern about the cancer-causing potential of diesel exhaust, particularly based on findings in epidemiological studies of workers exposed in various settings. This was re-emphasized by the publication in March 2012 of the results of a large US National Cancer Institute\/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health study of occupational exposure to such emissions in underground miners, which showed an increased risk of death from lung cancer in exposed workers.The scientific evidence was reviewed thoroughly by the Working Group and overall it was concluded that there was sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of diesel exhaust. The Working Group found that diesel exhaust is a cause of lung cancer (sufficient evidence) and also noted a positive association (limited evidence) with an increased risk of bladder cancer (Group 1). The Working Group concluded that gasoline exhaust was possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), a finding unchanged from the previous evaluation in 1989.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51140805230865,"sku":"NIN9789283212102","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52127774998801,"sku":"NLS9789283212102","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/928321210X.jpg?v=1751385095"},{"product_id":"chromium-nickel-and-welding-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212492","title":"Chromium, nickel and welding","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by industrial exposure to chromium and its compounds; nickel and its compounds; and welding fumes and gases. Occupational exposures, principally by inhalation, are noted to affect about three million workers worldwide. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity of chromium and its compounds. The monograph is divided into subsections based on the oxidation state and solubility of the compounds, with separate evaluations made for metallic chromium, chromium [III] compounds, chromium [VI] compounds, and for a fourth group of tested agents that were of mixed or unknown oxidation states. The most extensive sections evaluate the design and findings of over 500 investigations of carcinogenicity in animals and experimental systems, studies of metabolic fate in animals and humans, and case reports and epidemiological studies in human populations. On the basis of this evaluation, the monograph concludes that chromium [VI] is carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenicity of chromium [III] and of metallic chromium could not be determined on the basis of available evidence.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The second monograph presents similar information for metallic nickel and nickel alloys, nickel oxides, and hydroxides, nickel sulfides, nickel salts, and other nickel compounds. Nickel carbonyl is identified as the most acutely toxic nickel compound, causing severe damage to the respiratory system in experimental animals and in humans. The evaluation concludes that nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans and that metallic nickel is possibly carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The final monograph evaluates the carcinogenic risk posed by exposure to welding gases and fumes. On the basis of evidence from human and animal studies, welding fumes are classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51180512444689,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51180514476305,"sku":"NIN9789283212492","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52429310165265,"sku":"NLS9789283212492","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212495.jpg?v=1781172612"},{"product_id":"diesel-and-gasoline-engine-exhausts-and-some-nitroarenes-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212461","title":"Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to selected Diesel and Gasoline Engine Exhausts and Some Nitroarenes.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51180540723473,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51180542165265,"sku":"NIN9789283212461","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52429567721745,"sku":"NLS9789283212461","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212460.jpg?v=1751001146"},{"product_id":"pharmaceutical-drugs-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212508","title":"Pharmaceutical drugs","description":"Reports the deliberations of a working group convened to evaluate the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the therapeutic use of 15 pharmaceutical drugs. The volume features separate monographs on five antineoplastic agents, four antimicrobial agents, two diuretics, ciclosporin (an immunosuppressant), cimetidine (used in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers), paracetamol (a popular analgesic and antipyretic drug), and dantron (a laxative). Drugs were selected for inclusion on the basis of published data suggesting carcinogenic effects in experimental animals or in human patients treated with the drug.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The working group identified two of the drugs - ciclosporin and thiotepa - as human carcinogens. Ciclosporin, an immunosuppressant, is widely used in the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host reactions in bone-marrow transplantation and to prevent the rejection of kidney, heart, and liver transplants. Often given to transplant recipients for several months, ciclosporin has been linked to a remarkably high occurrence of lymphomas, found predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as to skin cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma. The carcinogenicity of thiotepa, a cytostatic agent used in the treatment of malignant lymphomas and solid tumours, has been clearly demonstrated in both experimental animals and human patients, where treatment with the drug has been linked to the development of leukaemia.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Azacitidine, chloramphenicol, and chlorozotocin were judged to be probably carcinogenic to humans, while dantron and trichlormethine were identified as possible human carcinogens. The remaining substances could not be classified on the basis of currently available evidence. The experts also noted that long-term experiments with paracetamol, nitrofurantoin, and nitrofural have shown reductions in tumour incidence at some sites in some animal species.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51237691785489,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51237694210321,"sku":"NIN9789283212508","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337790615825,"sku":"NLS9789283212508","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212509.jpg?v=1781172920"},{"product_id":"hepatitis-viruses-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212591","title":"Hepatitis viruses","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to three hepatotropic viruses: hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C viruses, and the hepatitis D virus, which exists as a satellite agent of hepatitis B virus.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Among the several viruses that can cause hepatitis, these three were selected for evaluation because of their potential to induce chronic liver infection. The most extensive monograph evaluates the large body of data suggesting a link between infection with hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. The evaluation takes on particular importance in view of the high prevalence of chronic infection with this virus, particularly in developing countries. A brief summary of the structure of the virus and methods for its detection and analysis is followed by a thorough assessment of human exposure data, including patterns of transmission and factors influencing the course and clinical manifestations of infection, studies of cancer in humans, and studies of cancer in primates, transgenic mice, woodchucks, ground squirrels, ducks and other species. In view of the strong association between hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic infection with the hepatitis B virus demonstrated in numerous studies, the monograph concludes that chronic infection with hepatitis B virus is carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates data on hepatitis C virus, which is the etiological agent in most cases of post-transfusion hepatitis. Following a similar format of evaluation, the monograph concludes that chronic infection with hepatitis C virus is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates data on hepatitis D virus, a satellite agent of hepatitis B virus with no known natural host other than humans. Because of methodological problems and inconsistencies in the evidence, infection with hepatitis D virus could not be classified as to its carcinogenicity to humans.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51237706432785,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51237709054225,"sku":"NIN9789283212591","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337778917649,"sku":"NLS9789283212591","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9283212592.jpg?v=1781172808"},{"product_id":"hormonal-contraception-and-post-menopausal-hormonal-therapy-book-iarc-working-group-on-the-eval-9789283212720","title":"Hormonal contraception and post-menopausal hormonal therapy","description":"Evaluates evidence for an increased risk of cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, post-menopausal estrogen therapy, and post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy. Although the carcinogenicity of these preparations has been extensively investigated, the book stresses the many complex methodological issues that must be considered when interpreting findings and weighing results. Evidence of an association between use of these preparations and positive effects on health, including a reduced risk of some cancers, is also critically assessed. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates evidence of an association between the use of combined oral contraceptives and cancer at nine sites. Concerning breast cancer, the evaluation concludes that, even if the association is causal, the excess risk for breast cancer associated with patterns of use that are typical today is very small. Studies of predominantly high-dose preparations found an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis viruses. Citing these findings, the evaluation concludes that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined oral contraceptives. The evaluation also found sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of some, but not all, combined preparations in animals. Combined oral contraceptives were classified as carcinogenic to humans. The evaluation also cites conclusive evidence that these agents have a protective effect against cancers of the ovary and endometrium. Progestogen-only contraceptives are evaluated in the second monograph, which considers the association with cancer at six sites. The evaluation found no evidence of an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in animals for the carcinogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate, evidence for the carcinogenicity of progestogen-only contraceptives in humans was judged inadequate. Progestogen-only contraceptives were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The third monograph, on post-menopausal estrogen therapy, considers evidence of an association with cancer at eight sites. Findings from a large number of epidemiological studies indicate a small increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who have used these preparations for five years or more. Studies consistently show an association between use of post-menopausal estrogen therapy and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. Data on the association with other cancers were either inconclusive or suggested no effect on risk. The evaluation concludes that post-menopausal estrogen therapy is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the association between the use of post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy and cancer at four sites. The evaluation of limited data on breast cancer found an increased relative risk observed with long-term use. Data were judged insufficient to assess the effects of past use and of different progestogen compounds, doses, and treatment schedules. For endometrial cancer, the evaluation found an increase in risk relative to non-users when the progestogen was added to the cycle for 10 days or fewer. Post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Concerning post-menopausal therapy in general, the book notes that evidence of carcinogenic risks must be placed in perspective of potential benefits. The prevention of osteoporotic fractures is cited as the best-established benefit. Evidence also suggests that estrogen prevents heart disease and may prevent memory loss and dementia.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51237783142673,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51237786583313,"sku":"NIN9789283212720","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337213178129,"sku":"NLS9789283212720","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/928321272X.jpg?v=1781172009"},{"product_id":"chlorinated-drinking-water-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212522","title":"Chlorinated drinking-water","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the consumption of chlorinated drinking-water by two chemicals used in the chlorination of drinking-water by a number of halogenated by-products formed when chlorine interacts with organic matter in water and by a selection of other halogenated compounds found in drinking-water. Chlorination was selected for evaluation because of its widespread use and because potentially carcinogenic by-products have been measured in chlorinated water. The book also includes a separate monograph on cobalt and cobalt compounds.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The volume opens with a discussion of the many methodological problems that complicate efforts to assess the carcinogenicity of chlorinated water. Against this background the book evaluates the design and findings of all studies relevant to the carcinogenicity assessment of chlorinated drinking-water two chemicals (sodium chlorite and hypochlorite salts) used in the chlorination of water eight of the by-products most frequently measured in drinking-water and three additional halogenated chemicals detected in drinking-water. Because of the formidable methodological obstacles faced by all investigations only one of these substances could be classified: bromodichloromethane was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The final monograph considers data on metallic cobalt, cobalt alloys including cobalt-containing surgical implants and dental devices and cobalt compounds. In view of the strength of evidence linking cobalt metal powder and cobalt[II] oxide to cancer in experimental animals cobalt and cobalt compounds were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337414734097,"sku":"NLS9789283212522","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763181809937,"sku":"NIN9789283212522","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212522.jpg?v=1773316213"},{"product_id":"solar-and-ultraviolet-radiation-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212553","title":"Solar and ultraviolet radiation","description":"Evaluates carcinogenic risks associated with human exposure to solar radiation and to ultraviolet radiation from medical and cosmetic devices general illumination and industrial sources. The main objective of the evaluation was to determine whether enough evidence is available to decide which segments of the radiation spectrum are responsible for its adverse effects. To this end, particular attention is given to data that shed light on the distinctive carcinogenic activity of ultraviolet A B and C radiation.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e In evaluating carcinogenic potential the report also considers the importance of human constitutional risk factors such as skin type hair and eye color and specific subtypes of exposure such as occupational and recreational exposures. More than 1000 studies were critically assessed. On the basis of a large body of evidence from human and experimental studies, the monograph concludes that solar radiation is carcinogenic to humans causing cutaneous malignant melanoma and nonmelanocytic skin cancer.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Evidence for the carcinogenicity of ultraviolet A, B, and C radiation was judged sufficient in experimental animals. All three segments of the radiation spectrum were classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Use of sunlamps and sunbeds entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenicity of exposure to fluorescent lighting could not be determined. Studies of topical sunscreens are reviewed in an appendix, which concludes that although effective in preventing sunburn little is known about their protective value against harmful immuno-logical changes photo-ageing or skin cancer.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337419878673,"sku":"NLS9789283212553","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763181941009,"sku":"NIN9789283212553","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212553.jpg?v=1773315020"},{"product_id":"coffee-tea-mate-methylxanthines-and-methyglyoxal-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212515","title":"Coffee, tea, mate, methylxanthines and methyglyoxal","description":"Reports the deliberations of a working group convened to evaluate the strength of evidence linking the drinking of coffee, tea, and mate to the development of human cancer. Separate evaluations are also provided for caffeine, theophylline theobromine and methylglyoxal, which are chemical constituents of coffee, tea, and several other popular beverages.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The first and most extensive monograph evaluates the large number of studies designed to assess the carcinogenic potential of coffee. On the basis of available data, the working group concluded that coffee is possibly carcinogenic to the human urinary bladder. Evidence further suggests that coffee may actually protect humans against cancer of the colon and rectum. The risk for breast cancer was shown, with remarkable consistency, to have no association with coffee drinking.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The second monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity of black and green teas. Although available data were judged inadequate to classify tea according to its carcinogenic risk, the analysis uncovered evidence suggesting that the temperature at which tea is drunk may be a more important determinant of risk than the chemical composition of the beverage.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e This observation is further supported in the monograph on mate, a South American beverage, which is usually drunk very hot following repeated addition of almost boiling water to the infusion. While mate could not be classified on the basis of available data, hot mate drinking was judged to have a probable association with the development of oesophageal and oral cancers. Evidence was inadequate to assess the carcinogenicity of caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and methylglyoxal.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337422303505,"sku":"NLS9789283212515","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763189182737,"sku":"NIN9789283212515","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212515.jpg?v=1773315203"},{"product_id":"human-immunodeficiency-viruses-and-human-t-cell-lymphotropic-viruses-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212676","title":"Human immunodeficiency viruses and human t-cell lymphotropic viruses","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by infections with human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and human T-cell lymphotropic viruses types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II). Although emphasis is placed on carcinogenicity assessment, the monographs also provide richly detailed descriptions of the viruses' genetic and structural features, methods of detection, routes of transmission, geographical distribution of infection, clinical manifestations of non-neoplastic disorders, and currently available methods of treatment and prevention. For HIV infection, the evaluation of studies of cancer in humans considers abundant evidence, from case reports and epidemiological studies, pointing to greatly increased incidences of Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in persons infected with HIV-1. Data suggesting an association between HIV infection and cervical, anal, and several other cancers are also carefully assessed. Other data considered include findings from animal studies and investigations of the mechanisms by which immune dysfunction may contribute to the genesis of cancer. On the basis of this evaluation, the monograph concludes that infection with HIV-1 is carcinogenic to humans. Infection with HIV-2 was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph provides a similarly detailed evaluation of human T-cell lymphotropic viruses, which are the only known human \u003ci\u003eoncornavirinae\u003c\/i\u003e. Concerning studies of cancer in humans, particular attention is given to evidence of an association between HTLV-I and adult T-cell leukemia\/lymphoma, which occurs almost exclusively in areas where this infection is endemic. In addition, several case-control studies have found an association between HTLV-I seroprevalence and tumors of the vagina, cervix and liver, but confounding effects and bias could not be excluded. The evaluation also considered findings from animal carcinogenicity studies and from investigations of the molecular mechanisms of leukemogenesis. On the basis of this evaluation, the monograph concludes that HTLV-I is carcinogenic to humans. HTLV-II could not be classified as to its carcinogenicity to humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337429545233,"sku":"NLS9789283212676","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763169947921,"sku":"NIN9789283212676","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212676.jpg?v=1773313924"},{"product_id":"some-naturally-occurring-substances-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212560","title":"Some naturally occurring substances","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the ingestion of several naturally occurring substances. Separate monographs are presented for two food items (salted fish and pickled vegetables), two naturally occurring plant substances (caffeic acid and d-limonene), four heterocyclic aromatic amines found in cooked meat and fish, and selected mycotoxins, including aflatoxins.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The monograph on salted fish concentrates on fish as traditionally prepared in southern China, where very high rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma have been linked to the consumption of salted fish prepared in a manner which involves putrefaction. The monograph concludes that Chinese-style salted fish is carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph concludes that pickled vegetables prepared according to traditional Asian methods are possibly carcinogenic to humans. Caffeic acid was judged to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. The report was unable to classify the carcinogenicity of d-limonene. For the heterocyclic aromatic amines present in cooked meat and fish, IQ was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans; MeIQ MeIQx and PhIP were classified as possibly carcinogenic.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The most extensive monograph on aflatoxins concludes that naturally occurring mixtures of aflatoxins are carcinogenic to humans and that aflatoxin M1 occurring in milk is possibly carcinogenic. Toxins derived from \u003ci\u003eFusarium moniliforme\u003c\/i\u003e and ochratoxin A, which has been linked to Balkan endemic nephropathy, were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining mycotoxins could not be classified.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337434165521,"sku":"NLS9789283212560","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763181777169,"sku":"NIN9789283212560","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212560.jpg?v=1773313770"},{"product_id":"epstein-barr-virus-and-kaposi-s-sarcoma-herpesvirus-human-herpesvirus-8-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212706","title":"Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma Herpesvirus\/Human Herpesvirus 8","description":"Presents the results of an expert evaluation of the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by infection with two lymphotropic herpesviruses: Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus\/human herpesvirus 8, a new human herpesvirus detected in 1994 in Kaposi's sarcoma associated with AIDS. The viruses are evaluated in separate monographs, which consider the biology of the virus, the epidemiology of infections, related animal viruses, and mechanistic studies in addition to abundant studies of cancer in humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337438195985,"sku":"NLS9789283212706","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212706.jpg?v=1773313417"},{"product_id":"some-pharmaceutical-drugs-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212669","title":"Some pharmaceutical drugs","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the therapeutic use of thirteen pharmaceutical drugs, including eight benzodiazepines and related compounds used for the treatment of anxiety and as sedatives and anticonvulsants, three triphenylethylene anti-oestrogenic compounds developed for the treatment of breast cancer, and two cholesterol-lowering agents used to treat patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Evaluations are based on a critical assessment of all data available for these compounds, including abundant information on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects, precise studies of exposure-response relationships, and findings that shed light on mechanisms of carcinogenic action. \u003cbr\u003eThe most extensive monograph evaluates the large body of data on tamoxifen, which has been used for almost two decades as the first-line endocrine therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Tamoxifen is also used as adjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer and is being tested for use as a preventive agent. The evaluation found sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of tamoxifen in increasing the risk for endometrial cancer, and conclusive evidence that tamoxifen reduces the risk for contralateral breast cancer in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer. Evidence for the carcinogenicity of tamoxifen in other organs was judged inadequate. \u003cbr\u003eOf the benzodiazepines, diazepam, which is the most widely prescribed, received the most extensive evaluation. Evidence reviewed suggested lack of carcinogenicity to the breast and inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity at other sites in humans. Diazepam could not be classified as to its carcinogenic risk to humans. Of the remaining benzodiazepines and related compounds, estazolam, prazepam, ripazepam, and temazepam could not be classified as to their carcinogenicity to humans. Oxazepam was classified as possible carcinogenic to humans on the basis of its carcinogenicity to rodents and uncertainty about extrapolation of experimental data to humans. Phenytoin, which has been widely used since the 1930s as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of epilepsy, was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. \u003cbr\u003eOf the remaining triphenylethylene anti-oestrogenic drugs developed for the treatment of breast cancer, neither toremifene, which is just being introduced, nor droloxifene, which is under development, could be classified. Likewise, data were judged inadequate for the classification of the two cholesterol-lowering drugs, clofibrate and gemfibrozil.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337551343889,"sku":"NLS9789283212669","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763188232465,"sku":"NIN9789283212669","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212669.jpg?v=1758167004"},{"product_id":"polychlorinated-dibenzo-para-dioxins-and-polychlorinated-dibenzofurans-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212690","title":"Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-\u003ci\u003epara\u003c\/i\u003e-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). PCDDs are formed as inadvertent by-products, sometimes in combination with PCDFs, during the production of chlorophenols and chlorophenoxy herbicides, and have been detected as contaminants in these products. PCDDs and PCDFs may also be produced in thermal processes such as incineration and metal processing and in the bleaching of paper pulp with free chlorine. Of the PCDDs: 2 3 7 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-\u003ci\u003epara\u003c\/i\u003e-dioxin (2 3 7 8-TCDD), or, dioxin, has attracted the greatest concern. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePCDDs and PCDFs are ubiquitous in soil, sediment, and air, persist in the environment, and accumulate in animal fat. Excluding occupational and accidental exposures, most human exposure to these compounds occurs from the consumption of meat, milk, eggs, fish, and related products. Occupational exposures at higher levels have occurred since the 1940s as a result of the production and use of chlorophenols and chlorophenoxy herbicides and, for PCDFs, in metal production and recycling. Even higher exposures have occurred in sporadic industrial accidents and following incidents of rice oil contamination. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe evaluation, which considered abundant human and animal carcinogenicity data found strong evidence from epidemiological studies in humans that exposure to 2 3 7 8-TCDD produces increased risks for all cancer combined, rather than for any specific site, suggesting that 2 3 7 8-TCDD is an unprecedented multi-site carcinogen with no single site predominating. Citing data from animal studies and other lines of evidence, the monograph concludes that 2 3 7 8-TCDD is carcinogenic to humans. Other polychlorinated dibenzo-\u003ci\u003epara\u003c\/i\u003e-dioxins and dibenzo-\u003ci\u003epara\u003c\/i\u003e-dioxin could not be classified as to their carcinogenicity to humans. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor PCDFs, the evaluation considered evidence from two large poisoning incidents involving rice oil contamination in Japan and Taiwan. Although excessive mortality from liver cancer was observed in long-term follow-up of the Japanese cases, the report cited other factors, including a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection in the geographical area concerned, as possible explanations. Evidence of carcinogenicity to human was judged inadequate. In the absence of convincing data from experimental animals, PCDFs could not be classified as to their carcinogenicity to humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337555079441,"sku":"NLS9789283212690","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763167654161,"sku":"NIN9789283212690","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212690.jpg?v=1773312963"},{"product_id":"beryllium-cadmium-mercury-and-exposures-in-the-glass-manufacturing-industry-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212584","title":"Beryllium, cadmium, mercury and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to selected metals and their compounds. Separate monographs are presented for beryllium and beryllium compounds, cadmium and cadmium, compounds, and mercury and inorganic and methylmercury compounds. Because several metallic salts and pigments are used in the manufacture and coloring of certain glass products, the book also evaluates the carcinogenic risk posed by exposures in the glass manufacturing industry. More than 1200 references to the recent literature are included.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The first monograph evaluates biological and epidemiological data on metallic beryllium beryllium-aluminium and -copper alloys, and some beryllium compounds. Data from studies in humans and several well-designed animal investigations support the conclusion that beryllium and beryllium compounds are carcinogenic to humans. The monograph on cadmium and cadmium compounds gives particular attention to new analyses of epidemiological cohorts and new studies in experimental animals. These data support the conclusion that cadmium and cadmium compounds are carcinogenic to humans. The monograph on mercury and mercury compounds classifies methylmercury compounds as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Metallic mercury and inorganic mercury compounds could not be classified.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Citing evidence from recent cohort studies, the monograph on exposures in the glass manufacturing industry concludes that the manufacture of art glass, glass containers, and pressed ware entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans. Occupational exposures in flat-glass and special glass manufacture could not be classified as to their carcinogenicity to humans.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337559961873,"sku":"NLS9789283212584","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763181875473,"sku":"NIN9789283212584","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212584.jpg?v=1781171230"},{"product_id":"human-papillomaviruses-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212645","title":"Human papillomaviruses","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs). To date, more than 70 HPV types have been identified, of which over 15 have been reported in cervical cancer biopsies. Although investigations of cervical cancer are most abundant, the report also considers the possible involvement of HPV infection in cancers at other sites, including the vulva, anus, skin, and aerodigestive tract. The first part summarizes what is known about the structure and molecular biology of papillomaviruses, and the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical management of HPV infections, including prospects for vaccine development. The main part evaluates the vast body of epidemiological studies investigating whether infection with HPV causes cervical cancer and cancers at several other cites. Findings from over 100 epidemiological case-control and cohort studies were considered. Evidence reviewed includes epidemiological studies conducted in the general population, studies of HPV and cancer conducted in special populations, including transplant patients and HIV-infected persons, and studies of skin cancer in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. The studies provide compelling epidemiological evidence that some HPV types are human carcinogens, with HPVs detected in over 90% of all invasive cervical cancers. Part three cites experimental data supporting the carcinogenicity of specific HPV genotypes and elucidating the mechanisms by which HPV exerts its carcinogenic effects. The final part gives a summary and evaluation of all the available data. The report concludes that HPV types 16 and 18 are carcinogenic to humans. The report further concludes that HPV types 31and 33 are probably carcinogenic to humans, and that some HPV types other than 16, 18, 31 and 33 are possibly carcinogenic to humans.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337563140369,"sku":"NLS9789283212645","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763182072081,"sku":"NIN9789283212645","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212645.jpg?v=1758167051"},{"product_id":"occupational-exposures-to-mists-and-vapours-from-strong-inorganic-acids-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212546","title":"Occupational exposures to mists and vapours from strong inorganic acids","description":"Evaluates occupational exposures to mists and vapours from strong inorganic acids: and other industrial chemicals.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52337637589265,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337638244625,"sku":"NLS9789283212546","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212546.jpg?v=1781172883"},{"product_id":"occupational-exposures-in-insecticide-application-and-some-pesticides-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212539","title":"Occupational exposures in insecticide application, and some pesticides","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by occupational exposure during the spraying and application of insecticides. The book also features separate monographs evaluating the carcinogenicity of 17 individual pesticides, including several that have been banned by industrialized countries yet are still used in the developing world. Although some of these pesticides have been in use for more than four decades, evaluations of carcinogenicity were hindered by the sparsity of well-designed epidemiological studies.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The first and most extensive monograph evaluates data from descriptive and ecological studies, cohort studies, and case-control studies suggesting an increased risk of cancer, most notably lung cancer, multiple myeloma and other tumours of B-cell origin, in workers exposed to insecticides during their application. On the basis of this evaluation, the book concludes that the spraying and application of nonarsenical insecticides entail exposures that are probably carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The remaining monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of aldicarb, atrazine, captafol, chlordane, DDT, deltamethrin, dichlorvos, fenvalerate, heptachlor, monuron, pentachlorophenol, permethrin, picloram, simazine, thiram, trifluralin, and zitram.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Of these, captafol, a fungicide used on plants, for seed treatment, and as a wood preservative, was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Atrazine, chlordane, DDT, dichlorvos, heptachlor, and pentachlorophenol were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining pesticides could not be classified on the basis of available data.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337640374545,"sku":"NLS9789283212539","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763175092497,"sku":"NIN9789283212539","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212539.jpg?v=1773316468"},{"product_id":"occupational-exposures-of-hairdressers-and-barbers-and-personal-use-of-hair-colo-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212577","title":"Occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal use of hair colourants","description":"A detailed assessment of the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by the professional and personal use of hair colourants. An additional 17 monographs evaluate the carcinogenicity of eight hair dyes, one cosmetic colourant, four industrial dyestuffs, and four aromatic amines, three of which are used in dyestuff manufacture.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The first and most extensive monograph considers the carcinogenic risk posed by occupational exposures of hairdressers and barbers and personal exposure to hair colourants. Citing consistent evidence from five large European cohort studies of excess risk for cancer of the urinary bladder in male hairdressers and barbers, the monograph concludes that occupation as a hairdresser or barber entails exposures that are probably carcinogenic. The carcinogenic risk linked to the personal use of hair colourants could not be determined.\u003cbr\u003e Of the eight hair dyes considered, only one, HC Blue No. 1, could be classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The cosmetic colourant, D\u0026amp;C Red No. 9 (CI Pigment Red 53:1), could not be classified. Of the four industrial dyestuffs, CI Direct Blue 15, CI Acid Red 114, and magenta containing CI Basic Red 9 were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The manufacture of magenta was classified as entailing exposures that are carcinogenic.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Of the four aromatic amines, 4 4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. \u003ci\u003epara\u003c\/i\u003e-Chloroaniline and 2 6-dimethylaniline were classified as possibly carcinogenic; \u003ci\u003eN N\u003c\/i\u003e-dimethyl-aniline could not be classified.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337644306705,"sku":"NLS9789283212577","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53333837316369,"sku":"NIN9789283212577","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212577.jpg?v=1781171694"},{"product_id":"wood-dust-and-formaldehyde-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212621","title":"Wood dust and formaldehyde","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by occupational exposures to wood dust and formaldehyde. A number of occupational situations that involve exposure to wood dust also entail exposure to formaldehyde, as in plywood and particle board manufacture, during furniture and cabinet-making, and during parquet floor sanding and varnishing.\u003cbr\u003e The carcinogenic risks of wood dust are evaluated in the first monograph. The highest occupational exposures were noted to occur in wood furniture and cabinet manufacture, especially during machine sanding and similar operations, in the finishing departments of plywood and particle-board mills, and in the workroom air of sawmills and planer mills near chippers, saws, and planers. Citing findings from several recent well-designed case-control studies, the monograph concludes that occupational exposure to wood dust is causally related to adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The evaluation further concluded that the excess risk of cancer is attributable to wood dust per se, rather than to other exposures in the workplace. Wood dust was classified as carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e Cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to formaldehyde is assessed in the second monograph. The assessment draws on findings from several cohort and case-control investigations of the relationship between exposure to formaldehyde and cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and respiratory tract. Citing inconsistencies in the reported results, the monograph concludes that these epidemiological studies can do no more than suggest a causal role of occupational exposure to formaldehyde in carcinoma of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The review found no evidence of excess risk for oropharyngeal, laryngeal or lung cancer among exposed workers. Several studies in which formaldehyde was administered to rats by inhalation showed evidence of carcinogenicity. Similar studies in hamsters showed no evidence of carcinogenicity, and studies in mice either showed no effect or were inadequate for evaluation. In rats administered formaldehyde in drinking-water, increased incidences were seen of forestomach papillomas in one study and of leukemias and gastrointestinal tract tumors in another; two other studies gave negative results. Formaldehyde was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337763287313,"sku":"NLS9789283212621","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763181908241,"sku":"NIN9789283212621","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212621.jpg?v=1773317284"},{"product_id":"inorganic-and-organic-lead-compounds-book-iarc-working-group-on-the-eval-9789283212874","title":"Inorganic and organic lead compounds","description":"This monograph re-evaluates the potential carcinogenic hazards to humans from exposure to inorganic and organic lead compounds. Human exposure comes from lead-contaminated air, dust,soil, water and food and through inhalation and ingestion. Recent human exposure has arisen predominantly from the widespread use of leaded gasoline. Occupations in which the highest potential exposure to lead exists include mining primary and secondary smelting, production of lead-acid batteries, pigment production, construction and demolition. In spite of the persistence of lead in the environment, exposures have decreased substantially in countries where lead control measures have been implemented over the past 10-30 years.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337768136977,"sku":"NLS9789283212874","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763182465297,"sku":"NIN9789283212874","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212874.jpg?v=1758167701"},{"product_id":"printing-processes-and-printing-inks-carbon-black-and-some-nitro-compounds-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212652","title":"Printing processes and printing inks, carbon black and some nitro compounds","description":"Exposures in the printing industry are assessed according to their occurrence in printing ink manufacture and in printing operations such as letterpress lithography flexography gravure and screen-printing. Although many epidemiological studies have demonstrated some evidence of cancer risk in printing trades and printing industries the assessment found several important problems in the design of these studies. Occupational exposures in printing processes were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Printing inks could not be classified.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e The second monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity of carbon black an intense black pigment mainly used in tyres and other rubber automotive products and in many other rubber products. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in experimental animals that exposure to carbon black causes lung tumours data on carcinogenicity to humans were judged inadequate. Carbon black was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining monographs evaluate selected nitro compounds. Of these 3 7- and 3 9-dinitrofluoranthenes 2 4- and 2 6-dinitro-toluenes 2-nitroanisole nitrobenzene and tetranitromethane were evaluated as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Chloronitrobenzenes 3 5-dinitrotoluene nitrotoluenes 2 4 6-trinitrotoluene and musk xylene and musk ambrette could not be classified.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337769447697,"sku":"NLS9789283212652","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763167293713,"sku":"NIN9789283212652","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212652.jpg?v=1781171810"},{"product_id":"silica-some-silicates-coal-dust-and-para-aramid-fibres-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212683","title":"Silica, some silicates, coal dust and para-aramid fibres","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposure to crystalline and amorphous silica, some silicates (palygorskite, sepiolite, wollastonite, and zeolites other than erionite), coal dust, and para-aramid fibrils. The volume opens with a discussion of the many complexities involved in assessing the cancer risks associated with occupational exposure to inhaled mineral dusts, and the special toxicological considerations required when evaluating the results of experimental studies. Against this background, the first and most extensive monograph evaluates human and animal carcinogenicity data on silica, concentrating on evidence of an increased risk for lung cancer. On the basis of this evaluation, crystalline silica inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from occupational sources was classified as carcinogenic to humans. For amorphous silica, evidence from both epidemiological and experimental studies was judged inadequate, and amorphous silica could not be classified. \u003cbr\u003eFor palygorskite, the evaluation found sufficient evidence from studies in rats that long fibres were carcinogenic; studies of exposure to short fibres showed no significant increase in the incidence of tumours. The few studies in humans were judged inadequate. Long palygorskite fibres were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Short fibres could not be classified. \u003cbr\u003eFor coal dust, several limitations in human studies, largely concerned with excessive mortality from lung and stomach cancer, hindered interpretation of the epidemiological literature. The few adequate experimental studies showed no increase in tumours. Coal dust therefore could not be classified. para-Aramid fibrils likewise could not be classifed in view of inadequates in both the epidemiological and experimental data.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337775411473,"sku":"NLS9789283212683","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763167392017,"sku":"NIN9789283212683","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212683.jpg?v=1758167727"},{"product_id":"cobalt-in-hard-metals-and-cobalt-sulfate-gallium-arsenide-indium-phosphide-and-v-book-iarc-working-group-on-the-eval-9789283212867","title":"Cobalt in hard-metals and cobalt sulfate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and vanadium pentoxide","description":"This monograph evaluates the evidence of carcinogenicity of metallic cobalt particles with or without tungsten carbide, to which workers in the hard-metal industry are exposed, and of cobalt sulfate and other soluble cobalt (II) salts. It also evaluates three other particulate compounds: gallium arsenide and indium phosphide, which are used extensively in the microelectronics industry; and vanadium pentoxide, a contaminant at facilities refining and processing vanadium-rich ores, and in various workplaces that use oil-fired boilers and furnaces.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337781637393,"sku":"NLS9789283212867","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763170210065,"sku":"NIN9789283212867","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212867.jpg?v=1758167749"},{"product_id":"some-industrial-chemicals-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212607","title":"Some industrial chemicals","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by exposure to fourteen industrial chemicals, including several having considerable commercial importance as the building blocks of widely used polymers and copolymers. While some of these chemicals are evaluated for the first time, the majority have been re-evaluated in the light of substantial new data and more precise methodological guidelines for the interpretation of findings. In view of the widespread industrial use of these chemicals, particular emphasis is placed on the risk of cancer in occupationally exposed workers. Over 1,800 studies were critically assessed.\u003cbr\u003e The most extensive monographs cover ethylene oxide, styrene, and acrylamide. Ethylene oxide is an important raw material for making major consumer goods in virtually all industrialized countries. On the basis of evidence of small but consistent excesses of lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer found in both human and animal studies, the monograph concludes that ethylene oxide is carcinogenic to humans.\u003cbr\u003e For styrene, one of the most important monomers worldwide, the evaluation concentrated on evidence of a link between exposure and the risk for lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer, concluding that styrene is possibly carcinogenic to humans. Acrylamide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Among the other chemicals evaluated, styrene-7,8-oxide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Propylene oxide, isoprene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, and 4-vinylcyclo-hexene diepoxide were classified as possibly carcinogenic. The remaining chemicals, ethylene, propylene, vinyl toluene, N-methylol-acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, could not be classified. For two of these, methyl methacrylate and vinyl toluene, experimental evidence indicated a lack of carcinogenicity.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337785438481,"sku":"NLS9789283212607","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763170439441,"sku":"NIN9789283212607","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212607.jpg?v=1758167761"},{"product_id":"dry-cleaning-some-chlorinated-solvents-and-other-industrial-chemicals-book-international-agency-for-resea-9789283212638","title":"Dry cleaning, some chlorinated solvents and other industrial chemicals","description":"Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by exposures in the dry cleaning industry by eight chlorinated solvents and related chemicals and by an additional group of seven industrial chemicals. Dry cleaning is evaluated in the first and most extensive monograph. Concerning exposures to specific chemicals, tetrachloroethylene is identified as the most commonly used solvent during the last two to three decades. The evaluation also considers exposure to the wide range of chemicals used in the treatment of spots. A review of epidemiological studies on dry cleaning indicates that the risks for cancers at two cites, urinary bladder and esophagus, may be increased by employment in dry cleaning. The monograph concludes that dry cleaning entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans. A second group of monographs evaluates selected chlorinated solvents and related chemicals used in dry cleaning, metal cleaning, and degreasing as chemical intermediates and in the production of insecticides and herbicides. Trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and 1 2 3-trichloropropane were classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. 1-Chloro-2-methylpropene was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The remaining chemicals - chloral and chloral hydrate, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, and 3-chloro-2-methylpropene - could not be classified. For the remaining seven chemicals used in a diversity of industrial applications, vinyl fluoride was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans. Furan, benzofuran, and vinyl acetate were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Acrolein crotonaldehyde and furfural could not be classified.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52337796907281,"sku":"NLS9789283212638","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52763167621393,"sku":"NIN9789283212638","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789283212638.jpg?v=1773316317"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/collections\/iarc-monographs-on-the-evaluation-of-carcinogenic-risks-to-humans-book-series.oembed","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}