{"title":"Nato Science Series D:","description":"\u003cp\u003eDive into specialised scientific research with the NATO Science Series D. Explore a wealth of knowledge across behavioural and social sciences, perfect for researchers and academics.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"reading-and-writing-disorders-in-different-orthographic-systems-book-p-g-aaron-9780792304616","title":"Reading and Writing Disorders in Different Orthographic Systems","description":"Even though Specific Reading Disability (Dyslexia) has been clinically recognized as a developmental learning disorder for nearly a hundred years. only within the past two decades it has become the subject of major experimental investigation. Because. by definition. dyslexic children are of average or superior intelligence. it is often suspected that some arcane feature of the written language is responsible for the inordinate difficulty experienced by these children in learning to read. The occasional claim that developmental dyslexia is virtually nonexistent in some languages coupled with the fact that languages differ in their writing systems has further rendered orthography a subject of serious investigation. The present Volume represents a collection of preliminary reports of investigations that explored the relationship between orthography and reading disabilities in different languages. Even though not explicitly stated. these reports are concerned with the question whether or not some orthographies are easier to learn to read and write than others. One dimension on which orthographies differ from each other is the kind of relationship they bear to pronunciation. The orthographies examined in this book range from the ones that have a simple one-to­ one grapheme-phoneme relationship to those which have a more complex relationship.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49731210248465,"sku":"NGR9780792304616","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52402506105105,"sku":"NLS9780792304616","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0792304616.jpg?v=1750881815"},{"product_id":"neuropsychology-and-cognition-volume-i-volume-ii-book-rattihalli-n-malatesha-9789024727520","title":"Neuropsychology and Cognition — Volume I \/ Volume II","description":"North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) awarded us a grant to conduct an Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Neuropsychology and Cognition. The ASI was conducted at Augusta, Georgia, USA, from September 8-18, 1980. Two volumes resulted from this Institute. Volume one consists of chapters from Corballis, Dimond, Spreen, Bakker, Pirozzolo, Aaron, Whitaker and Zangwill. Corballis discusses the evolution of laterality and Dimond presents specialization of hemispheric functions. Neuropsychological assess­ ment is the theme of Spreen's chapter and neuropsychological aspects of dyslexia is examined by Bakker, Pirozzolo, and Aaron. Whitaker analyzes a rare form of language impairment. The volume closes with a critical review of cerebral dominance by Zangwill. Volume two deals with such topics as hemispheric specialization neuropsychological assessment, neuropsychological aspects of cogni­ tion, language, and reading, and research implications in neuro­ psychology. These two volumes will be useful to practicing clinicians, educationists, psychologists, linguists, speech pathologists and audiologists. We sincerely thank NATO Scientific Affairs Division for their financial and moral support. The Institute was successful because of the generous help from the Oregon State University, Medical College of Georgia, and the Augusta Hilton. The Institute would not have been possible without the understanding and contribution of lecturers and participants.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49739195547921,"sku":"NGR9789024727520","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52130966602001,"sku":"NLS9789024727520","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9024727529.jpg?v=1751033525"},{"product_id":"biology-of-aggression-book-pf-brain-9789400986114","title":"The Biology of Aggression","description":"An Advanced Study Institute on the Biology of Aggression was held in glorious weather between the twenty-first and thirtieth of July 1980, at the Chateau de Bonas, Gers, France. The Institute was arranged by a scientific organizing committee consisting of Drs. Paul Brain and David Benton of the University College of Swansea, Wales, U.K. This book reflects the papers presented at the A.S.I., and the arrangement of the book parallels the pro­ gramme. The particular objective was to concentrate on recent research on aggression from the viewpoint of the diverse biological disciplines that have examined the topic. A major theme that emerged was the failure of direct reductionist approaches that look for simple relationships between biological variables and 'aggression'. As may have been predicted, there was also con­ siderable debate about the definition of the term aggression and its associated positive and negative implications. The organizers would like to express their appreciation to Professor and Madame Simon for their foresight in founding the Association Scientifique Cu1tu~e11e et Educative de Bonas and their enthusiasm in designing and converting the Chateau de Bonas to produce a unique conference centre, a venue that greatly facilitated this A.S.I.'s objectives. Greatfu1 thanks are also due to the Faculty who selflessly gave of their time; to Dr.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51066628964625,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51066631323921,"sku":"NIN9789400986114","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52142494941457,"sku":"NLS9789400986114","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9400986114.jpg?v=1750936403"},{"product_id":"learning-in-graphical-models-book-mi-jordan-9789401061049","title":"Learning in Graphical Models","description":"In the past decade, a number of different research communities  within the computational sciences have studied learning in networks,  starting from a number of different points of view. There has been  substantial progress in these different communities and surprising  convergence has developed between the formalisms. The awareness of  this convergence and the growing interest of researchers in  understanding the essential unity of the subject underlies the current  volume.    Two research communities which have used graphical or network  formalisms to particular advantage are the belief network  community and the neural network community. Belief networks  arose within computer science and statistics and were developed with  an emphasis on prior knowledge and exact probabilistic calculations.  Neural networks arose within electrical engineering, physics and  neuroscience and have emphasised pattern recognition and systems  modelling problems. This volume draws together researchers from these  two communities and presents both kinds of networks as instances of a  general unified graphical formalism. The book focuses on probabilistic  methods for learning and inference in graphical models, algorithm  analysis and design, theory and applications. Exact methods, sampling  methods and variational methods are discussed in detail.    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Cannon noted that the venous blood of cats frightened by barking dogs contained adrenaline, a response of the organism which was prevented by adrenalectomy or by section of the splanchnic nerve innervating the adrenal medulla. Cannon suggested that the adrenal medulla was acting in concert with the sympathetic nervous system, so that both systems were activated during stress. The role of the sympathetic system in response to stressful events was later emphasized by the experiments carried out by Maickel et al. (1967) and by Mason (1968): these authors clearly showed that stressors activate the sympathetic system causing it to release adrenaline and noradrenaline. This line of research may be contrasted with that carried out by Hans Selye, centered on of the adrenal cortex in the stress response. Selye's findings and theories originated the role the so-called hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal cortex (HPA) model of stress: in short, during stress adrenocorticotropic hormone is released from cells of the anterior pituitary and elicits secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121774293265,"sku":"NLS9780792306825","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53533580787985,"sku":"NIN9780792306825","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792306825.jpg?v=1757434606"},{"product_id":"motor-development-in-children-aspects-of-coordination-and-control-book-mg-wade-9789024733897","title":"Motor Development in Children: Aspects of Coordination and Control","description":"This book is divided into sections. 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In the United States in the 1930's and 1940's, Bayley (1935) and Gesell and Amatruda (1947) described and scaled the rates at which young children acquired motor skills. In Europe, the development of childrens' motor behaviour was of theoretical interest to Piaget (1952).","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52122446496017,"sku":"NLS9789024733897","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789024733897.jpg?v=1757439771"},{"product_id":"methodology-for-genetic-studies-of-twins-and-families-book-m-neale-9780792318743","title":"Methodology for Genetic Studies of Twins and Families","description":"Based on NATO NFWO and NIMH Funded Workshops taught in  Leuven, Belgium (1987, 1989, and 1991) and Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.  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In the preface to that book we described the regrettable hi. tory of the paeudobiological research into social problem. conducted by the Social Darwinists at the turn of the century. We requested that that unfortunate legacy not inhibit responsible and scientifically sound investigations of biological and psychological variables in criminology today. Evidence is mounting that showl that research limited to social and environmental vadables cannot explain the behavior of the minority of criminal offenders whose criminal careen begin in adolescence and develop into recidivistic and violent . . saults on society. Certainly these offenders are few, but epidemiological studies have found them to be responsible for an amount of crimes disproportionate to their small numbers. As few . . 5 % of males commit over 50% of criminal offenses. Intervention directed at these relatively few individuals could, if succes. ful, dramatically reduce our growing violent crime rate. The chapters in our earlier book showed that some biological variables do relate to this type of chronic offending.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52123255669009,"sku":"NLS9789024736553","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789024736553.jpg?v=1757448342"},{"product_id":"interwar-unemployment-in-international-perspective-book-barry-j-eichengreen-9789401077583","title":"Interwar Unemployment in International Perspective","description":"High unemployment has been one of the most disturbing features of the economy of the 1980s. For a precedent, one must look to the interwar period and in particular to the Great Depression of the 1930s. It follows that recent years have been marked by a resurgence of interest amongst academics in interwar unemployment. The debate has been contentious. There is nothing like the analysis of a period which recorded rates of un- employment approaching 25 per cent to highlight the differences between competing schools of thought on the operation of labour markets. Along with historians, economists whose objective is to better understand the causes, character and consequences of contemporary unemployment and sociologists seeking to understand contemporary society's perceptions and responses to joblessness have devoted increasing attention to this his- torical episode. Like many issues in economic history, this one can be approached in a variety of ways using different theoretical approaches, tools of analysis and levels of disaggregation. Much of the recent literature on the func- tioning of labour markets in the Depression has been macroeconomic in nature and has been limited to individual countries. Debates from the period itself have been revived and new questions stimulated by modem research have been opened. Many such studies have been narrowly fo- cused and have failed to take into account the array of historical evidence collected and anal sed by contemporaries or reconstructed and re- inter- preted by historians.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52123967717649,"sku":"NLS9789401077583","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401077583.jpg?v=1757454446"},{"product_id":"tutorials-in-motor-neuroscience-book-jean-requin-9780792313854","title":"Tutorials in Motor Neuroscience","description":"This volume represents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on the topic of Motor Neuroscience held at the Hotel San 15-24, 1990. The San Bastiano Hotel Bastiano, Calcatoggio (Corsica), September provided a beautiful setting for the ten day ASI in aresort on the west coast of Corsica, near the island's capital city of Ajaccio. The motivation of this ASI originated from the success of an ASI that we organized eleven years ago at Senanque Abbey in the south of France. Our earlier meeting was successful in providing some coherence to a widely scattered literature while providing up to date knowledge on motor control and learning. Our goal for the second ASI was essentially the same. We wanted to appraise the main theoretical ideas that currently characterize the field by bringing together many of the internationally known scientists who are doing much of the contemporary work. 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This is perhaps not altogether surprising as many of the complex neurological and physiological processes involved in the generation and execution of a speech utterance remain relatively inaccessible to direct investigation, and must be inferred from careful scrutiny of the output of the system -from details of the movements of the speech organs themselves and the acoustic consequences of such movements. Such investigation of the speech output have received considerable impetus during the last decade from major technological advancements in computer science and biological transducing, making it possible now to obtain large quantities of quantative data on many aspects of speech articulation and acoustics relatively easily. Keeping pace with these advancements in laboratory techniques have been developments in theoretical modelling of the speech production process. There are now a wide variety of different models available, reflecting the different disciplines involved -linguistics, speech science and technology, engineering and acoustics. The time seems ripe to attempt a synthesis of these different models and theories and thus provide a common forum for discussion of the complex problem of speech production. Such an activity would seem particularly timely also for those colleagues in speech technology seeking better, more accurate phonetic models as components in their speech synthesis and automatic speech recognition systems.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52125086384401,"sku":"NLS9780792307464","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792307464.jpg?v=1757461938"},{"product_id":"credibility-assessment-book-jc-yuille-9780792301950","title":"Credibility Assessment","description":"Credibility assessment refers to any attempt to ascertain truthfulness. Other terms which have been used to refer to the assessment of credibility include the detection of deception and lie detection. The term lie detection has become virtually synonymous with the use of the polygraph and can no longer be used to refer to the range of procedures currently employed to assess credibility. Also, both lie detection and the detection of deception have a negative cast which does not fully capture the orientation of current approaches to credibility. Consequently, the term credibility assessment has emerged recently as the preferred label. The goal of credibility assessment is typically the determination of the truth of a statement or be found in set of statements. The need or desire to make such an assessment can every human context from marital relations through clinical examinations to police and court interrogations. Examples of the kinds of statements which require credibility assessment are: 1) A child's assertion that she or he has been sexually abused. 2) The claim by a previously suicidal person that he or she has recovered and will not attempt suicide again. 3) The denial of guilt by a suspect in a criminal investigation. 4 ) The confident statement of a witness that he or she is sure in his or her identification of a thief. 5) The vow of loyalty by a potential employee for a security job. 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In terms of their legal and organizational base, it turns out that type, extent, and capacities for development are quite different in the individual countries -resulting in a remarkable diversity of programs with different outcomes. The contributions in this book are revised and edited versions of papers presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop Conflict, Crime and Reconciliation: The Organization of Welfare Intervention in the Field of Restitutive Justice in April 1991 at Il Ciocco, Italy. The chapters document the present stage of restorative justice in the individual countries, critically assess legal constraints and public needs, discuss the organizational requirements of implementation, and also evaluate outcomes in a broader context of crime and social policy. 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Many of these changes are quite new and not yet well covered in the literature. We thought it would be useful for some of the leading researchers in this field to convene together and to compare notes, and collectively to establish future directions for the field. The reasons for a new conceptualization of sensory-motor development are no doubt numerous, but three are especially significant: 1. One concerns a shift from studying either sensory or motor processing to investigation of the relations between the two. 2. The second is connected to the new emphasis on action, and its implications for goal-directed and intentional behaviour extending over time. 3. Lastly, new theories and methodologies provide access to new tools for studying and conceptualizing the developmental process. 1.-One of the most enduring legacies of the behaviorist perspective has been a focus on the stimulus and the response to the exclusion of the relation between them (Pick, 1989). 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The sustained critic of fully rational decision-making theories has al- ready a long history and a constant message to deliver: in practice, consequential decision-making hardly fulfills the canons of perfect rationality. There is also evidence that decision-making and planning are not unitary processes. Although the concept of decision-making connotes the idea of a single process, making a single choice involves a complex of processing tasks: structuring the problem, finding alternatives worth considering, deciding what information is relevant, assessing various consequences, and a variety of others. The aim of this volume is to bring together and try to inter- relate some of the concepts and relevant knowledge from various disciplines concerned with one important aspect of this complex process: the management of uncertainty. It is hardly necessary to reiterate the case made by numerous authors about our changing and increasingly uncertain world. Suffice it to say here that it is uncertainty about the future, and in many cases about the past and the present also, which makes decision-making and planning so difficul t. The management of uncertainty may be defined as the way in which uncertainty is treated and processed in decision-making.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52127173443857,"sku":"NLS9789401084840","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401084840.jpg?v=1757483984"},{"product_id":"ethical-issues-in-preventive-medicine-book-s-doxiadis-9789401087858","title":"Ethical Issues in Preventive Medicine","description":"The first suggestions and exchange of ideas for this Workshop began about two years ago when, at the invitation of Professor E Bennett, Director of Health and Safety of the Commission of the European Communities and Professor W W Holland of the Panel of Social Medicine and Epidemiology of the EEC, I asked the Panel to sponsor a project for the study of Ethical Issues in Preventive Medicine. The Panel gave its approval and support and asked Dr L Karhausen, Dr R Blaney, and me to undertake the planning. Since then we have had several meetings in Brussels and have added Professor Heleen Terborgh-Dupuis and Mrs Susie Stewart to our small planning team. The Planning Committee invited many experts to collaborate with us on the project and, as can be seen from the list of participants, they represent many scientific disciplines and many countries. About a year ago we also asked for the help and sponsorship of the NATO Science Council which was generously given. The culmination of our efforts was the Workshop held in Athens in January 1985, the proceedings of which are contained in the present book. The members of the Planning Committee and the participants at the Workshop would like to express thanks to Mr H Durand, Secretary General for NATO Scientific Affairs and Dr M di Lullo, Programme Director of N A TO Scientific Affairs and to Professor Bennett and Professor Holland for all the moral and financial support they have given to this project.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52127420449041,"sku":"NLS9789401087858","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401087858.jpg?v=1757486341"},{"product_id":"research-system-in-transition-book-susan-e-cozzens-9789401074391","title":"The Research System in Transition","description":"On a mountainside in sunny Tuscany, in October 1989, 96 people from 23 countries on five continents gathered to learn and teach about the problems of managing contemporary science. The diversity of economic and political systems represented in the group was matched by our occupations, which stretched from science policy practitioners, through research scientists and engineers, through academic observers of science and science policy. It was this diversity, along with the opportunities for infonnal discussion provided by long meals and remote location, that made the conference a special learning experience. Except at lecture time, it was impossible to distinguish the students at this event from the teachers, and even the most senior members of the teaching staff went away with a sense that they had learned more from this group than from many a standard conference on science policy they had attended. The flavor of the conference experience cannot be captured adequately in a proceedings volume, and so we have not tried to create a historical record in this book. Instead, we have attempted to illustrate the core problems the panicipants at the conference shared, discussed, and debated, using both lectures delivered by the fonnal teaching staff and summaries of panel discussions, which extended to other panicipants and therefore increased the range of experiences reponed.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52130824061201,"sku":"NLS9789401074391","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401074391.jpg?v=1757504950"},{"product_id":"biological-contributions-to-crime-causation-book-te-moffitt-9789401077446","title":"Biological Contributions to Crime Causation","description":"This book presents reviews of the literature and reports of new findings from research into biological correlates of criminal behavior. The chapters are revised versions of talks given by participants in an Advanced Study Institute sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and held inCastelvecchio Pascoli in September, 1986. It is our second edited volume on biology and crime. The first book, The Causes of Cdme; New Biological Apwoaches, was published in 1987. In the preface to that book we described the regrettable hi. tory of the paeudobiological research into social problem. conducted by the Social Darwinists at the turn of the century. We requested that that unfortunate legacy not inhibit responsible and scientifically sound investigations of biological and psychological variables in criminology today. Evidence is mounting that showl that research limited to social and environmental vadables cannot explain the behavior of the minority of criminal offenders whose criminal careen begin in adolescence and develop into recidivistic and violent . . saults on society. Certainly these offenders are few, but epidemiological studies have found them to be responsible for an amount of crimes disproportionate to their small numbers. As few . . 5 % of males commit over 50% of criminal offenses. Intervention directed at these relatively few individuals could, if succes. ful, dramatically reduce our growing violent crime rate. The chapters in our earlier book showed that some biological variables do relate to this type of chronic offending.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52130965881105,"sku":"NLS9789401077446","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401077446.jpg?v=1757506417"},{"product_id":"cognitive-perspectives-on-emotion-and-motivation-book-v-hamilton-9789024736942","title":"Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation","description":"This book presents the contributions of the members of an Advanced Research Workshop on Cogni ti ve Science Perspectives on Emotion, Motivation and Cognition. The Workshop, funded mainly by the NATO Scientific Affairs Division, together with a contribution from the (British) Economic and Social Research Council, was conducted at I Ciocco, Tuscany, Italy, 21-27 June 1987. The venue for our discussions was ideal: a quiet holiday hotel, 500m high in the Apennine mountain range, approached by a mile of perilously steep, winding narrow road. The isolation was conducive to concentrated discussions on the topics of the Workshop. The reason for the Workshop was a felt need for researchers from disparate but related approaches to cognition, emotion, and motivation to communicate their perspectives and arguments to one another. To take just one example, the framework of information processing and the metaphor of mind as a computer has wrought a major revolution in psychological theories of cogni tion. That framework has radically altered the way psychologists conceptualize perception, memory, language, thought, and action. 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While the clinical literature has for a long time recognized the deleterious effects of unwholesome social relationships, only more recently has the focus broadened to include the positive side of social interaction, those interpersonal ties that are desired, rewarding, and protective. This book contains theoretical and research contributions by a group of scholars who are charting this side of the social spectrum. Evidence is increasing that maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving occur disproportionately among people with few social supports. Rather than sapping self-reliance, strong ties with others particularly family members seem to encourage it. Reliance on others and self-reliance are not only compatible but complementary to one another. While the mechanism by which an intimate relationship is protective has yet to be worked out, the following factors seem to be involved: intimacy, social integration through shared concerns, reassurance of worth, the opportunity to be nurtured by others, a sense of reliable alliance, and guidance. The major advance that is taking place in the literature on social support is that reliance is being -placed less on anecdotal and clinical evidence and more on empirical inquiry. The chapters of this book reflect this important development and identify the frontiers that are currently being explored.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52131630416145,"sku":"NLS9789024731626","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789024731626.jpg?v=1757511607"},{"product_id":"police-selection-and-training-book-jc-yuille-9789024733699","title":"Police Selection and Training","description":"The New Police Officer During the past twenty years the tasks required of police officers have expanded and changed with dramatic rapidi ty. The tradi tional roles of the police had been those of law enforcement and the maintenance of public order. As a consequence police officers were typically large-bodied males, selected for their physical abilities and trained to accept orders and enforce the law. Over the past two decades, however, the industrialized nations have placed a variety of new demands on police officers. To traditional law enforcement and public order tasks have been added social work, mental health duties, and cORllluni ty relations work. For example, domestic disputes, violence between husbands and wives, lovers, relatives, etc. , have increased in frequency and severity (or at least there has been a dramatic increase in reporting the occurence of domestic violence). Our societies have no formal system to deal with domestic disputes and the responsibility to do so, in most countries, has fallen to the police. In fact, in some areas as many as 607. of calls for service to the police are related to domestic disputes (see the chapter in this text by Dutton). As a result the police officer has had to become a skilled social worker, able to intervene with sensi ti vi ty in domestic situations. 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Harry Stack Sullivan noted in 1927 that, 'The psychiatrist sees too many end states and deals professionally with too few of the pre- psychotic (Sullivan 192711994, p. 135). Similar thoughts have been echoed by purveyors of modem treatment for psychosis such as Thomas H. McGlashan: Like others before me, I tried to make a difference . . . but like the others my efforts were largely in vain. I came upon the scene too late; most of the damage was already done (McGlashan, 1996). Similar interest in the early phase of schizophrenia has developed across the globe and consolidated into a tentative, yet meaningful deliberation about the potential for prevention of psychotic illness through early identification and intervention. 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This volume is to be seen as a companion volume to 'Motor Development in Children: Aspects of coordination and control' in which the more general issues in motor development presented during the Institute are published. Together, the two volumes provide both a general and a theme specific approach to this expanding field of knowledge. XI PREFACE Books and conferences, on what in North America is euphemistically termed motor development, have been few and far between in the past 25 years. This is not to say that the study of how children acquire and develop motor skills has not been a subject on which scientists have focused their attention. In the United States in the 1930's and 1940's, Bayley (1935) and Gesell and Amatruda (1947) described and scaled the rates at which young children acquired motor skills. 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At the same time, the metaphors underlying such concepts are  often similar across languages, and children of different cultures  follow common developmental pathways. The book thus discusses the  interplay of social and cultural factors that humans share in their  development of an understanding of the affective side of their lives.     For researchers interested in emotion, development of concepts and  language, cultural and linguistic influences on psychological  processes.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52134751961361,"sku":"NLS9780792334798","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792334798.jpg?v=1757544885"},{"product_id":"cross-national-longitudinal-research-on-human-development-and-criminal-behavior-book-e-weitekamp-9780792326205","title":"Cross-National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior","description":"Background In July of 1992, approximately sixty scholars and researchers met for a week at the Fritz Erler Akademie in Freudenstadt, Germany, to participate in a workshop entitled Cross-National Lon- gitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior. The participants represented 15 nations and 45 universities and research centers. Although longitudinal research in criminology has a long history, this workshop represented the first one in the field of criminology in which it was attempted to get together the main scholars in this field from around the world. The largest group of the workshop represented American scholars (19), a reflection of the fact that longitudi- nal research in criminology is predominantly conducted in North America. This volume is the result of the workshop process and in particular of the invitations to participants to prepare pre- or conference papers. The chapters in this volume were selected from a larger set of pre- or conference papers. As workshop conveners and volume editors, it falls to us to set some of the context for this enter- prise. Longitudinal research in criminology became a major approach after the publication of the land- mark study by Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin Delinquency in a Birth Cohort in 1972. Around the same time, when Wolfgang, Figlio, and Sellin started their Philadelphia cohort study, were longi- tudinal studies, although different in scope and aim, launched by Shannon in the USA, West in England, Janson in Sweden, and Goppinger in Germany.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52135212024081,"sku":"NLS9780792326205","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792326205.jpg?v=1757547838"},{"product_id":"policy-implementation-in-federal-and-unitary-systems-book-ki-hanf-9789024731374","title":"Policy Implementation in Federal and Unitary Systems","description":"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on  Analytical Models and Institutional Design in Federal and Unitary  States, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, June 26-30,  1983","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52135792410897,"sku":"NLS9789024731374","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789024731374.jpg?v=1757550916"},{"product_id":"energetics-and-human-information-processing-book-gm-hockey-9789024733811","title":"Energetics and Human Information Processing","description":"The central theme of this book is the role of energetical factors in the regulation of human information processing activity. This is a restatement of one of the classic problems of psychology - that of acc- ounting for motivational or intensive aspects of behaviour, as opposed to structural or directional aspects. The term energetics was first used in the 1930's by Freeman, Duffy and others, following Cannon's energy mobilization view of emotion and motivation. The original concept had a limited life, probably because of its unnecessary focus on relativ- ely peripheral processes, but it provided the foundations for the con- cepts of arousal and activation which became the popular motivational constructs of the 1950's and 1960's. Now, these too are found wanting. The original assumptions of a unitary, non-specific process based on activation of the brain stem reticular formation have been shown to be misleading. Current work in neurobiology has demonstrated evidence of discrete neurotransmitter systems having quite specific information processing functions, and central roles in the regulation of behaviour. Even the venerable curvilinear relationship between motivation and per- formance (the Yerkes-Dodson law) has been shown to be, at best, an unhelpful oversimplification. On a different front psychophysiologists have found complex patterns in the response of different bodily systems to external stressors and to task demands.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52137012363537,"sku":"NLS9789024733811","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789024733811.jpg?v=1757556264"},{"product_id":"aggression-in-children-and-youth-book-rm-kaplan-9789024729036","title":"Aggression in Children and Youth","description":"Human aggression is a fascinating research topic, but it is of much more than academic importance. To a large extent, the quality of life and perhaps even world survival depend on an adequate understanding of human aggression. Family vi o- lence (child battering and spouse abuse), rape, assault, armed robbery, murder, terrorism, and war are all instances of various types of aggression. The ability to regulate and control such acts could have a crucial contribution to the improvement of the quality of life. Aggressive acts in children and youth need to be under- stood for three major reasons. First, most Western cultures are witnessing an increasing involvement in violence by youths. Second, the aggressive dispositions formed early in life may set the tone for or contribute to adult aggression. Third, the quality of childhood and the formation of personal- ity are influenced by both the expression and inhibition of aggression. The regulation and control of aggression in children and youth can have a profound effect on the institu- tions of the family and the educational system as well as on society at large. Most societies are dedicated to maintain- ing harmony and to providing nonviolent solutions to human problems and social conflict. A substantial amount of knowledge has accumulated about aggression and its regulation from empirical research, theory, and clinical sources. 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Leur premier souci concerne la definition de la discipline: consideree longtemps comme un savoir ventriloque manipule par les linguistes ou les logiciens, la semiotique s'affirme aujourd'hui de plus en plus comme une propedeutigue en dialogue permanent avec toutes les formes du discours scientifique. A ce titre, elle s'incarne en premier lieu dans l'effort d'intelligibilite transformant l'objet re el en objet de connaissance: demarche reductrice, simulatrice (le modele figure le fonctionnement de l'objet a decrire), a la recherche de categories toujours plus puissantes, mais confrontee a la resistance du sens, a cette part non interpretable qui lui echappe sans cesse, et vouee donc a operer sur le mode du pari.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52141071270161,"sku":"NLS9789401084871","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401084871.jpg?v=1757576385"},{"product_id":"state-as-parent-book-joe-hudson-9789401069656","title":"The State as Parent","description":"The thirty-five chapters in this book are edited versions of papers presented at the Advanced Research Workshop, State Intervention on Behalf of Children and Youth, which took place in Maratea, Italy, February 20-24, 1989. The Workshop was attended by leading child welfare researchers from most of the Western countries. Represented were scholars and practitioners from disciplines as diverse as law, social work, neurology, economics, political science, education, psychology, and psychiatry. This variety of disciplines considerably enriched the discussions at the Workshop and is reflected in a set of interesting and, we believe, potentially useful research papers. This book is divided into four sections, each dealing with dominant themes of state intervention. The first section deals with research on organizing for state intervention and related ways of providing accountability. The second section deals with research on young persons in conflict with the law, the third with research on child abuse and the final section with research on children in care. Many of the matters addressed in these papers relate to more than one of the topical theme headings and, therefore, might well have been located in different sections of the volume. Each section is introduced by an introductory statement that provides an overview of the papers and issues addressed, and suggests an agenda of research work to be undertaken. 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