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In February 1987 we took our third step along the road to evaluating these issues in dialogues between cli­ nicians, psychologists, legal experts, and statisticians. The talks presented at the meeting were revised by the authors afterwards and have been rearranged by the editors to form a strictly organ­ 1 2 ized book. The two preceding meetings in 1978 and 1981 focused strongly on adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer, but this top­ ic served merely as a nucleus in the third meeting. This meeting, although called the Third Heidelberg Symposium was forced to leave Heidelberg and in fact was held in Freiburg. Without the interest and enthusiasm of Professor Martin Schu­ macher and his colleagues in Freiburg the meeting would never have taken place. The meeting was generously supported again by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology (Bundesministe­ rium flir Forschung und Technologie, BMFT) within the framework of the West German BMFT Breast Cancer Study Group. 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For each molecule, aspects such as the chemical structure, mechanism of action, drug targets, drug interactions, preclinical studies, clinical trials, treatment applications, and toxicity are discussed.   Extensive research into the molecular mechanisms of cancer has heralded a new age of targeted therapy. The field of precision cancer therapy is now growing rapidly, and the advances being made will mean significant changes in the treatment algorithms for cancer patients. Numerous novel targets that are crucial for the survival of cancer cells can be attacked by small molecules such as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 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The association in this field between the Chester Beatty Research Institute and Dr. Rosenberg's School at East Lansing is something which I specially value and many would doubtless like to know how it came about. In the course of its work in carcinogenesis and on chemotherapy over many years, the Chester Beatty Research Institute was frequently drawn to the importance of many metals - as for example lead, iron, metalloid arsenic and the metalloid quali- ties of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. Interest started in platinum many years ago, following the possibility, c1aimed by others, that various complexes between the metal and mercaptopurine might possess significant chemotherapeutic properties. Va- rious attempts to confirm such findings ended, however, in complete failure. Interest in platinum was revived by the fresh observations of Dr. Rosenberg and his collea- gues, and here the outcome was entirely different. Very soon it was possible to con- firm the intense growth-inhibitory properties of cis-platinum (I) diamminedi- chloride and related substances. After communicating these results to Dr. Rosenberg, it was a pleasure to welcome hirn in London where he gave a Seminar which greatly engaged the interest of many of the staff. 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Emerging technologies, identification of biomarkers of risk, and advances in genetics research also are finding applications in chemoprevention research that p- mise to speed the acquisition of knowledge on the molecular and cellular - fects of chemopreventive agents. 2 Lifestyle Approaches Population studies from the 1950s through the early 1980s provided c- pelling evidence that modifiable lifestyle choices can either increase or - crease cancer risk. For example, several landmark epidemiologic studies in the 1950s showed a clear association between smoking and lung cancer (Wynder and Graham 1950; Levin et al. 1950). In 1964, the U. 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This process is fa­ cilitated by the developments of molecular on co-genetics and the gowing existence of family cancer units, allowing to better identi­ fy and inform respective high risk groups, thus enabling re­ searchers and clinicians to more realistically target their chemo­ preventive efforts to the true populations at risk. On this changing background, the newly formed International Society of Cancer Chemoprevention (ISCaC) together with the Swiss Cancer League and the Interdisciplinary Oncology Center of St. Gallen\/Switzerland organized an international Symposium in September 1997, inviting basic researchers, epidemiologists and clinical oncologists of related disciplines to discuss pertinent issues of experimental and clinical chemo- and bio-prevention in a scientific workshop.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52339172966673,"sku":"NLS9783642641923","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642641923.jpg?v=1758169465"},{"product_id":"malignant-mesothelioma-book-andrea-tannapfel-9783642108617","title":"Malignant Mesothelioma","description":"Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive and fatal neoplasm of serous membranes that still shows a rising incidence worldwide. This book covers all the important aspects of the disease by bringing together contributions from selected experts in the fields of epidemiology, imaging, pathological diagnosis, therapy, genetics, and screening. Special emphasis is placed on the latest diagnostic techniques and current therapy standards. In addition, the mineralogy of asbestos is reviewed and clear advice is included on the analysis of tissue mineral fiber content. By providing a compact, scientifically based, and up-to-date overview of the management of malignant mesothelioma, this volume will be invaluable for all clinicians and pathologists who are engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease or in related research.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52339215696145,"sku":"NLS9783642108617","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642108617.jpg?v=1758169513"},{"product_id":"nomenclature-methodology-and-results-of-clinical-trials-in-acute-leukemias-book-g-mathe-9783642807787","title":"Nomenclature, Methodology and Results of Clinical Trials in Acute Leukemias","description":"Scientific and Ethical Discipline in Clinical Trials on Acute Leukemia G. MATHE Institut de Cancerologie ct d'Immunogenetique \"', Hi'ipital Paul-Brousse \".\"\", Villejuif\/France Clinical research is still in an evolutionary stage. Although scientific technology was readily accepted and applied, scientific methodology has been accepted much more slowly and is very rarely properly applied. There are three reasons why this is so. First, medical ethics frequently limits the applicability of clinical research, for doctors have to be more than scientists. They must also remain moral philosophers, as they were before medicine became a science. Second, the heterogeneity of the material on which clinical researchers work in studying human diseases makes the application of scientific methodology difficult. Third, researchers must publish. This means that they must obtain publishable results, and too often this means results in accordance with established concepts, easily accepted by the editors of established journals, which are read by the establishment. It is the privilege of too many people to be able to accept \"truth\" and recipes from other people and confirm their truth and results. It is the mission of a very few others to accept nothing as \"truth\" and to consider no recipe ideal, either in concept or detail.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52339962216721,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52339962937617,"sku":"NLS9783642807787","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642807787.jpg?v=1758170304"},{"product_id":"new-perspectives-in-molecular-and-clinical-management-of-gastrointestinal-tumors-book-ernst-d-kreuser-9783642800375","title":"New Perspectives in Molecular and Clinical Management of Gastrointestinal Tumors","description":"Over the past few years, a wealth of new insights have been gained and put to use in basic gastrointestinal tumor research, including tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, cell-cycle con- trol, apoptosis, adhesion receptors, signal transduction, and gene therapy. Similarly, progress has been made in preven- tion, molecular diagnosis, laparoscopic staging, and antibody- based immunotherapy, and new drugs such as thyrnidylate and topoisomerase I inhibitors have been developed espe- cially for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Despite this burgeoning of knowledge in both basic and clinical research, however, we have just begun to put these results into clinical practice. Therefore, the key goal of this volume is to bring together basic and clinical research findings so as to facilitate the translation of these advances into the clinical manage- ment of gastrointestinal tumors. We hope that this volume, which covers a broad spectrum of research and clinical medicine, will impart new insights and greater understanding to all those interested in the therapy of gastrointestinal tumors and will stimulate further scientific research. Berlin, January 1996 E. D. Kreuser P. M. Schlag Contents 1 I. Basic Research S. J. Meltzer The Molecular Biology of Esophageal Carcinoma 1 E. R. Greenberg Preventing Colorectal Cancer...9 M. Streit, R. Schmidt, R. U. Hi\/genfeld, E. Thiel, and E. -D. Kreuser Adhesion Receptors in Malignant Transformation and Dissemination of Gastrointestinal Tumors...19 R. Kaiser, E. Thiel, and E. -D. 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Research in these areas depends to a substantial degree on in vivo experimental animal models and on epide- miologic studies, including data from cancer registries. When the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum was founded in 1964, its division Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and a number of other divisions became engaged in research on chemical carcinogenesis of the skin, mainly using the mouse skin as an experimental model. Their interest orig- inated in part from investigations of the new and at that time controversial pathogenic principle of conditional car- cinogens as represented by certain tumor promoters which are per se noncarcinogenic. During the past 25 years, conditional carcinogens in terms of tumor promoters were established as anew, nonclassical category of cancer risk factors besides the classical solitary carcinogens. In the course of this exciting period, scientists of our center started cooperative programs with clinical dermato- logists of the University of Heidelberg at the Clinics of Dermatology in Heidelberg and Mannheim, to extend the scope of their investigations into clinical oncology and to contribute by experimental approaches to solving problems in clinical oncology. This led to a gradual shift from mere animal studies to the more direct analyses of human tumors and opened up for us a new phase of research.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52343013277969,"sku":"NLS9783642848834","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642848834.jpg?v=1758173226"},{"product_id":"rectal-cancer-treatment-book-b-ulrich-9783642421365","title":"Rectal Cancer Treatment","description":"Rectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers world-wide. 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The introduction of polymerase chain reaction-based methods can be regarded as a prototype of this dramatic development towards molecular approaches in new diagnostic procedures. This fact opens up the possibility of clinical use in patients and of influencing treatment strategies. Considerable discrepancies have been described, how­ ever, in the success rates of these new techniques for the detec­ tion of minimal residual disease in cancer patients. Despite fav­ orable results reported by different groups of investigators, it will take several years to define the clinical and pathophysiological relevance of new diagnostic procedures. The 1st International Symposium \"Minimal Residual Disease in Melanoma: Biology, Detection and Clinical Relevance of Microme­ tastases\", held in September 1999 in Homburg\/Saar, Germany, fo­ cused on recent developments in this particular area of cancer re­ search. The purpose of the meeting was to stimulate discussion and exchange of new data and ideas by renowned international scientists. The aim of this volume is to summarize major topics of basic research and clinical investigations presented by invited experts in this fascinating but still. controversial field of melanoma re­ search.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52343196909841,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52343200645393,"sku":"NLS9783642640155","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642640155.jpg?v=1758173434"},{"product_id":"rectal-cancer-book-peter-m-schlag-9783642719691","title":"Rectal Cancer","description":"Rectal cancer is an exceptional tumour entity within the variety of gastrointestinal tumours. 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In the case of others, it would seem that, even if only a few years have passed, each new discussion wears the air of a revolution. Hodgkin's disease, at least from the pathological standpoint, is not so extraordinarily fickle and certainly does not touch either of these two extremes of variability. But it is still a fertile field of study and presents its full share of innovations and practical results. This is perhaps due to the special position it occupies between tumours and inflammatory diseases, or possibly to a lucky series of coincidences; the truth is that events have been on the move for some years now in the case of this disease. There can be no doubt that surprising progress has been made in connec- tion with Hodgkin's disease, due, one feels, to close cooperation between several branches of medical science, each of which has had occasion to make new and useful contributions. 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In recent years numerous therapeutic approaches of pre-, peri-, intra-and postoperative treatment have been in­ vestigated with regard to their use in combination with surgi­ cal intervention. It now is time to analyze and to define the state of our knowledge. For tumors of the gastrointestinal tract there are several encouraging therapeutic approaches, such as preop­ erative chemotherapy in esophageal and perioperative chemotherapy in colon cancer. For some special tumors, like anal carcinoma, we have clearly defined combined therapies which even now must be viewed as standard treatment. It is also time to demonstrate the results of several clini­ cal studies that have been conducted within the last few years that combined surgical efforts with pre- or postinter­ ventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It is necessary to evaluate whether these trials contribute to progress in onco­ logical therapy. The editors of this volume - surgeons at the university hospitals of Heidelberg and Zurich - must be given the mer­ it of achieving these goals. 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