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A rigorous analysis of recent riots in London, informed by theoretical debates at the time, allowed Keith to demonstrate that both the riots and subsequent popular and official analysis had determined policies which had \u003ci\u003eheightened\u003c\/i\u003e the criminalization of the Black community. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe ethnographic study of police\/Black antagonism in three key areas of London highlights a police force struggling with an historical legacy that transcends the actions of particular officers. This book demonstrates that meaningful understanding of contemporary policing depends on situating ethnographic accounts firmly within the social and political context in which the police are forced to operate. 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Special emphasis is placed on what happens in practice and not only in theory, and on developments during and after the second world war.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eChapters are included on (amongst other things) the special position of the Metropolitan Police Force, emphasizing the independence of the ‘Yard’ from the Home Secretary’s control; on recruitment, training, promotion, and the police college; pay and conditions of service, and policewomen.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt the time of first publication the work was intended to be of use to university students in the Social Sciences who had previously had no up-to-date book to reply on; it would also have interested the general reader by attempting to answer such questions as to whether the local basis of the British police service was – as was so often claimed – the key to the good relations of the police with the public and one of the great safeguards of personal liberty in Britain. 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Each contributor looks at the experience of one country while having regard to the practices of the other countries.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe role of the police in maintaining public order had become increasingly important in the early 1980s. The activities of terrorists from both Left and Right in Italy, Spain and West Germany and the IRA in Great Britain had long been a focus of attention. However, in many ways a more disturbing phenomenon was the increase in the general level of popular unrest which had produced considerable rioting and looting in British cities as well as often violent confrontation between the police and an increasing range of protesters in other European countries. These events received wide media coverage at the time and the issue of public order was one of growing concern for governments, the police and the public. 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It examines the essential differences and challenges which confronted countries in Western and Eastern Europe after the collapse of the socialist system.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, many areas of Europe had experienced a period of rapid technological development which had changed economic and cultural structures, creating temporary instability. Within a relatively short period of time traditional values and beliefs had been undermined. National boundaries and geographical differences had gradually lost their significance and the opening of frontiers had created easier conditions for crime. 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Widespread concern over police road-blocks, allegations of police and picket violence, and the huge numbers of police used to maintain order and access to work led the National Council for Civil Liberties to set up an inquiry into the policing. The Inquiry Panel produced an interim report – but the NCCL disowned it, because of its acknowledgement of the rights of working miners as well as striking ones. The members of the Panel – who included former Chief Constable John Alderson and NCCL General Secretary Larry Gostin – then resigned, but continued work as a group of private individuals. Originally published in 1988, this book is their final report.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe report describes the policing of the strike in detail from a range of published, unpublished, and eyewitness sources. The strike is set in the context of developments in law and policing before and since. 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Separate sections then focus on France and the Netherlands as examples of Western European societies: Canada and Hong Kong as influenced by the colonial tradition; Japan as an Eastern capitalist society; and the USSR, China and Cuba as contrasting examples of communist police systems. These and other countries are then considered in terms of the relationship between the police and the communities they ‘serve’.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical issues addressed include the following: Are communist and capitalist systems of policing significantly different? What lessons are to be learnt from Japan, with its low crime rate? How accountable are the police in different societies, and to whom? To what extent is the ‘character’ of the police in any society determined by the wider culture, and social and political structure of that society? 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Instead, the author places police\/Black conflict in a geographical and historical context. A rigorous analysis of recent riots in London, informed by theoretical debates at the time, allowed Keith to demonstrate that both the riots and subsequent popular and official analysis had determined policies which had \u003ci\u003eheightened\u003c\/i\u003e the criminalization of the Black community. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe ethnographic study of police\/Black antagonism in three key areas of London highlights a police force struggling with an historical legacy that transcends the actions of particular officers. This book demonstrates that meaningful understanding of contemporary policing depends on situating ethnographic accounts firmly within the social and political context in which the police are forced to operate. 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