{"title":"Species And Systematics","description":"\u003cp\u003eDelve into the intricacies of the natural world with the Species and Systematics series. Perfect for biologists, researchers, and anyone fascinated by evolution and biodiversity. Discover the fascinating world of species classification.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"species-problems-and-beyond-book-john-s-wilkins-9781032221472","title":"Species Problems and Beyond","description":"Species Problems and Beyond offers a collection of up-to-date essays discussing from an interdisciplinary perspective the many ramifications of the ‘Species Problem.’ The authors represent experts in the philosophy of biology, in species-level evolutionary investigations, and in biodiversity studies and conservation. Some of the topics addressed concern the context sensitivity of the term ‘species’; species as individuals, processes, natural kinds, or as ‘operative concepts’; species delimitation in the age of Big (genomic) Data; and taxonomic inflation and its consequences for conservation strategies. The carefully edited volume will be an invaluable resource for philosophers of biology and evolutionary biologists alike.   – Olivier Rieppel, Rowe Family Curator of Evolutionary Biology, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, USA  Species, or ‘the Species Problem’, is a topic in science, in the philosophy of science, and in general philosophy. In fact, it encompasses many aspects of the same problem, and these are dealt with in this volume. Species are often thought of as fundamental units of biological matter to be used in ecology, conservation, classification, and biodiversity. The chapters in this book present opposing views on the current philosophical and conceptual issues of the Species Problem in biology.  Divided into four sections, Concepts and Theories, Practice and Methods, Ranks and Trees and Names, and Metaphysics and Epistemologies, the book is authored by biologists, philosophers, and historians, many leaders in their fields. Topics include ontology of species, definitions of both species category and units, species rank, speciation issues, nomenclature, ecology, and species conservation.  Species Problems and Beyond aims to clarify the contemporary issues of the Species Problem. It is ideal for use in upper-level seminars and courses in Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy, and Phylogenetics\/Cladistics, and for any scholar in these fields.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50332126347537,"sku":"CIN103222147XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50698077962513,"sku":"NGR9781032221472","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51017824600337,"sku":"NIN9781032221472","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52136772403473,"sku":"NLS9781032221472","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/103222147X.jpg?v=1750951068"},{"product_id":"refining-phylogenetic-analyses-book-pablo-a-goloboff-9780367420277","title":"Refining Phylogenetic Analyses","description":"This volume discusses the aspects of a phylogenetic analysis that go beyond basic calculation of most parsimonious trees. Practical application of all principles discussed is illustrated by reference to TNT, a freely available software package that can perform all the steps needed in a phylogenetic analysis. The first problem considered is how to summarize and compare multiple trees (including identification and handling wildcard taxa). Evaluation of the strength of support for groups, another critical component of any phylogenetic analysis, is given careful consideration. The different interpretations of measures of support are discussed and connected with alternative implementations. The book reviews rationales for estimating character reliability on the basis of homoplasy, with particular attention to morphological characters. The main methods for character weighting and their practical implementation, several of them unique to TNT, are discussed ad libitum. Also unique to TNT is the ability to directly analyze morphometric data (including landmarks), on the same footing as discrete characters. Finally, the scripting language of TNT is introduced. With scripting, it is possible to \"program\" TNT to create personalized routines and automate complex calculations, taking analyses to the next level and allowing exploration of new methods and ideas.  Key Features    Discusses the treatment of ambiguity in phylogenetic analyses in depth, for summarizing results or comparing trees Reviews literature on arguments and methods for weighting morphological characters and their practical application Describes theory and application of methods for evaluating strength of group support, based on either resampling or comparisons with suboptimal trees Discusses the use of morphometric characters in phylogenetic analysis Presents extensive information on commands and options of the TNT computer program, including the use and creation of scripts","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50348788646161,"sku":"CIN0367420279G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51001501090065,"sku":"NIN9780367420277","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52448088228113,"sku":"NLS9780367420277","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0367420279.jpg?v=1750813600"},{"product_id":"what-if-anything-are-species-book-brent-d-mishler-9781498714549","title":"What, if anything, are species?","description":"This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of \"species\" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called \"species\" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation.   The Open Access version of this book, available at http:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/e\/9781498714549, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial license.  KEY FEATURES   • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view   • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of \"species\"   • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level   • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50697503342865,"sku":"NGR9781498714549","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51242655875345,"sku":"NIN9781498714549","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52144772645137,"sku":"NLS9781498714549","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1498714544.jpg?v=1750828042"},{"product_id":"species-book-john-s-wilkins-9780367657369","title":"Species","description":"Over time the complex idea of \"species\" has evolved, yet its meaning is far from resolved. This comprehensive work is a fresh look at an idea central to the field of biology by tracing its history from antiquity to today. Species is a benchmark exploration and clarification of a concept fundamental to the past, present, and future of the natural sciences. In this edition, a section is added on the debate over species since the time of the New Synthesis, and brings the book up to date. A section on recent philosophical debates over species has also been added. This edition is better suited non-specialists in philosophy, so that it will be of greater use for scientists wishing to understand how the notion came to be that living organisms form species.    Key Selling Features:         Covers the philosophical and historical development of the concept of \"species\"    Documents that variation was recognized by pre-Darwinian scholars    Includes a section on the debates since the time of the New Synthesis    Better suited to non-philosophers","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50697964159249,"sku":"NGR9780367657369","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51001625313553,"sku":"NIN9780367657369","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52403186237713,"sku":"NLS9780367657369","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0367657368.jpg?v=1750813933"},{"product_id":"biological-systematics-book-igor-pavlinov-9780367654450","title":"Biological Systematics","description":"This volume reviews the historical roots and theoretical foundations of biological systematics in an approachable text. The author outlines the structure and main tasks of systematics. Conceptual history is characterized as a succession of scientific revolutions. The philosophical foundations of systematic research are briefly reviewed as well as the structure and content of taxonomic theories. Most important research programs in systematics are outlined. The book includes analysis of the principal problematic issues as \"scientific puzzles\" in systematics. This volume is intended for professional taxonomists, biologists of various specialties, students, as well as all those interested in the history and theory of biology and natural sciences.  Key Features         Considers the conceptual history of systematics as the framework of evolutionary epistemology      Builds a hierarchically organized quasi-axiomatic system of taxonomic theory      Contends that more reductionist taxonomic concepts are less objective       Supports taxonomic pluralism by non-classic philosophy of science as a normal condition of systematics      Documents that \"taxonomic puzzles\" result from conflict between monistic and pluralistic attitudes  Related Titles  de Queiroz, K. et al., eds. Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode (ISBN 978-1-1383-3293-5)  Sigwart, J. D. What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-4987-9937-9)  Rieppel, O. Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig (ISBN 978-1-4987-5488-0)  Wilkins, J. S. Species: The Evolution of the Idea, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-1380-5574-2)","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50698003579153,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50698005807377,"sku":"NGR9780367654450","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52146217058577,"sku":"NLS9780367654450","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0367654458.jpg?v=1751259981"},{"product_id":"from-observations-to-optimal-phylogenetic-trees-book-pablo-a-goloboff-9781032114859","title":"From Observations to Optimal Phylogenetic Trees","description":"Taxonomists specializing in different groups once based phylogenetic analysis only on morphological data; molecular data was used more rarely. Although molecular systematics is routine today, the use of morphological data continues to be important, especially for phylogenetic placement of many taxa known only from fossils and rare or difficult to collect species. In addition, morphological analyses help identify potential biases in molecular analyses. And finally, scenarios with respect to morphology continue to motivate biologists: the beauty of a cheetah or a baobab does not lie in their DNA sequence, but instead on what they are and do! This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. It is also a general guide for using the computer program TNT in the analysis of such data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology. The basic aspects of molecular analysis are covered only as needed to highlight the differences with methods and assumptions for analysis of morphological datasets.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50698236690705,"sku":"NGR9781032114859","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51251147440401,"sku":"NIN9781032114859","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52454011863313,"sku":"NLS9781032114859","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1032114851.jpg?v=1751301758"},{"product_id":"biological-systematics-book-igor-pavlinov-9780367671945","title":"Biological Systematics","description":"This volume reviews the historical roots and theoretical foundations of biological systematics in an approachable text. The author outlines the structure and main tasks of systematics. Conceptual history is characterized as a succession of scientific revolutions. The philosophical foundations of systematic research are briefly reviewed as well as the structure and content of taxonomic theories. Most important research programs in systematics are outlined. The book includes analysis of the principal problematic issues as \"scientific puzzles\" in systematics. This volume is intended for professional taxonomists, biologists of various specialties, students, as well as all those interested in the history and theory of biology and natural sciences.  Key Features         Considers the conceptual history of systematics as the framework of evolutionary epistemology      Builds a hierarchically organized quasi-axiomatic system of taxonomic theory      Contends that more reductionist taxonomic concepts are less objective       Supports taxonomic pluralism by non-classic philosophy of science as a normal condition of systematics      Documents that \"taxonomic puzzles\" result from conflict between monistic and pluralistic attitudes  Related Titles  de Queiroz, K. et al., eds. Phylonyms: A Companion to the PhyloCode (ISBN 978-1-1383-3293-5)  Sigwart, J. D. What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-4987-9937-9)  Rieppel, O. Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig (ISBN 978-1-4987-5488-0)  Wilkins, J. S. Species: The Evolution of the Idea, 2nd ed. (ISBN 978-1-1380-5574-2)","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50698540155153,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50698542481681,"sku":"NGR9780367671945","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52402851774737,"sku":"NLS9780367671945","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53367953522961,"sku":"NIN9780367671945","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0367671948.jpg?v=1751259995"},{"product_id":"what-if-anything-are-species-book-brent-d-mishler-9780367715052","title":"What, if anything, are species?","description":"This book is an extended argument for abandoning the species rank. Instead, the author proposes that the rank of \"species\" be replaced by a pluralistic and multi-level view. In such a view, all clades including the smallest identifiable one would be named and studied within a phylogenetic context. What are currently called \"species\" represent different sorts of things depending on the sort of organisms and processes being considered. This is already the case, but is not formally recognized by those scientists using the species rank in their work. Adopting a rankless taxonomy at all levels would enhance academic studies of evolution and ecology and yield practical benefits in areas of public concern such as conservation.   The Open Access version of this book, available at http:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/books\/e\/9781498714549, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial license.  KEY FEATURES   • Proposes the replacement of restrictive species concepts with a pluralistic view   • Suggests abandoning the formal taxonomic rank of \"species\"   • Considers zoological, botanical, and microbiological aspects of the species level   • Deals with practical issues such as conservation, inventories, and field guides","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50698704781585,"sku":"NGR9780367715052","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51306066510097,"sku":"NIN9780367715052","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52521455124753,"sku":"NLS9780367715052","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0367715058.jpg?v=1750697238"},{"product_id":"refining-phylogenetic-analyses-book-pablo-a-goloboff-9781032274676","title":"Refining Phylogenetic Analyses","description":"This volume discusses the aspects of a phylogenetic analysis that go beyond basic calculation of most parsimonious trees. Practical application of all principles discussed is illustrated by reference to TNT, a freely available software package that can perform all the steps needed in a phylogenetic analysis. The first problem considered is how to summarize and compare multiple trees (including identification and handling wildcard taxa). Evaluation of the strength of support for groups, another critical component of any phylogenetic analysis, is given careful consideration. The different interpretations of measures of support are discussed and connected with alternative implementations. The book reviews rationales for estimating character reliability on the basis of homoplasy, with particular attention to morphological characters. The main methods for character weighting and their practical implementation, several of them unique to TNT, are discussed ad libitum. Also unique to TNT is the ability to directly analyze morphometric data (including landmarks), on the same footing as discrete characters. Finally, the scripting language of TNT is introduced. With scripting, it is possible to \"program\" TNT to create personalized routines and automate complex calculations, taking analyses to the next level and allowing exploration of new methods and ideas.  Key Features    Discusses the treatment of ambiguity in phylogenetic analyses in depth, for summarizing results or comparing trees Reviews literature on arguments and methods for weighting morphological characters and their practical application Describes theory and application of methods for evaluating strength of group support, based on either resampling or comparisons with suboptimal trees Discusses the use of morphometric characters in phylogenetic analysis Presents extensive information on commands and options of the TNT computer program, including the use and creation of scripts","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51018115481873,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51018117841169,"sku":"NIN9781032274676","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52593418174737,"sku":"NLS9781032274676","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1032274670.jpg?v=1751174359"},{"product_id":"evolution-by-natural-selection-book-michaelis-michael-9781498700870","title":"Evolution by Natural Selection","description":"A persistent argument among evolutionary biologists and philosophers revolves around the nature of natural selection. Evolution by Natural Selection: Confidence, Evidence and the Gap explores this argument by using a theory of persistence as an intentional foil to examine ways in which similar theories can be misunderstood. It discusses Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, including what the theory says, what it aims to explain, and how it manages to explain natural selection.  Darwin’s theory is so familiar today that it feels universally understood. However, the fact that there are so divergent views about the theory means that not everyone who thinks he or she understands it can be right. This book describes the history of evolutionary theory as a sequence of theoretical developments, not all of which can be considered improvements. In particular, it suggests that some attempts to use the theory of natural selection end up reshaping the concepts involved so that they can be applied more easily to the world. As a result, the theory is stripped of some of its explanatory power and becomes detached from the empiricism that good scientific examination requires.  With these issues in mind, Evolution by Natural Selection shows there are aspects of the theory of natural selection that are not totally understood. These misunderstandings create problems in uses of the theory. At a time when selectionist explanations are being brought forward to explain an ever-widening range of phenomena, this book analyzes the explanatory structure of Darwin’s theory. It takes a much-needed thoughtful look into the working parts of the theory of natural selection to provide better understanding of the theory and its role in contemporary science and life.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51130901332241,"sku":"NIN9781498700870","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52481436713233,"sku":"NLS9781498700870","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/149870087X.jpg?v=1750925138"},{"product_id":"phylogenetic-systematics-book-olivier-rieppel-9780367876456","title":"Phylogenetic Systematics","description":"Phylogenetic Systematics: Haeckel to Hennig traces the development of phylogenetic systematics against the foil of idealistic morphology through 100 years of German biology. It starts with the iconic Ernst Haeckel—the German Darwin from Jena—and the evolutionary morphology he developed. It ends with Willi Hennig, the founder of modern phylogenetic systematics. Written in English, the book presents a unique perspective on a vast body of German biological literature.    The book also offers a perspective on German biology in the Third Reich. The author looks at how idealistic morphology and phylogenetic systematics represented two antagonistic traditions in German biology, the first organicist-holistic, the latter empiricist-positivistic. In addition, he explains the ways in which both traditions acquired socio-political and ideological connotations, culminating in their accommodation to different strands of Nazi ideology.    The book’s nine chapters summarize a century of the conceptual development of systematics, describe both the history and philosophy of phylogenetic approaches to the understanding of the history of life, examine the role of important people such as Haeckel, Gegenbauer, Portman, von Bertalanffy, Stresemann, and Hennig, and critically evaluate the impact and influence of Nazism on evolutionary biology.    Chapter titles include: The Evolutionary Turn in Comparative Anatomy; Of Parts and Wholes; The Turn against Haeckel; The Rise of Holism in German Biology; The Rise of German (\"Aryan\") Biology; Ganzheitsbiologie; The Ideological Instrumentalization of Biology; A New Beginning: From Speciation to Phylogenetics; and Grundzüge: The Conceptual Foundations of Phylogenetic Systematics.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51187356107025,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51187357483281,"sku":"NIN9780367876456","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52521375924497,"sku":"NLS9780367876456","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0367876450.jpg?v=1751134292"},{"product_id":"from-observations-to-optimal-phylogenetic-trees-book-pablo-a-goloboff-9781032114873","title":"From Observations to Optimal Phylogenetic Trees","description":"Taxonomists specializing in different groups once based phylogenetic analysis only on morphological data; molecular data was used more rarely. Although molecular systematics is routine today, the use of morphological data continues to be important, especially for phylogenetic placement of many taxa known only from fossils and rare or difficult to collect species. In addition, morphological analyses help identify potential biases in molecular analyses. And finally, scenarios with respect to morphology continue to motivate biologists: the beauty of a cheetah or a baobab does not lie in their DNA sequence, but instead on what they are and do! This book is an up-to-date revision of methods and principles of phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. It is also a general guide for using the computer program TNT in the analysis of such data. The book covers the main aspects of phylogenetic analysis and general methods to compare classifications derived from molecules and morphology. The basic aspects of molecular analysis are covered only as needed to highlight the differences with methods and assumptions for analysis of morphological datasets.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51233433911569,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51233436533009,"sku":"NIN9781032114873","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52585222111505,"sku":"NLS9781032114873","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1032114878.jpg?v=1750984344"},{"product_id":"species-book-john-s-wilkins-9780520271395","title":"Species","description":"The complex idea of 'species' has evolved over time, yet its meaning is far from resolved. This title takes a fresh look at an idea central to the field of biology by tracing its history from antiquity onwards. It explores the essentialist view, a staple of logic from Plato and Aristotle through the Middle Ages onwards.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51333245206801,"sku":"CIN0520271394VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ WELL_READ \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53125860393233,"sku":"GOR014757146","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53521402429713,"sku":"NLS9780520271395","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0520271394.jpg?v=1750846786"},{"product_id":"macroevolution-of-complex-morphologies-book-miriam-leah-zelditch-9781498724319","title":"Macroevolution of Complex Morphologies","description":"A goal of macroevolutionary theory is to explain both diversity and disparity. These actively researched questions, the growing number of case studies, and the increasingly rigorous theory, has resulted in the re-examination of classical models for evolutionary tempo and mode. Time-calibrated molecular phylogenies are now used in conjunction with quantitative analyses of morphology to evaluate models of evolution. This book will present novel methods and case-studies of the tempo and mode of evolution of complex morphologies, including recent innovations in methods for describing and modeling complex morphologies, which have the potential to advance the field still further.             Key selling features:          Explores the relationship, if any, between species diversity and morphological disparity  Includes relevant case studies  Documents the role of geography and ecology in generating or retarding diversity and disparity  Evaluates contingent, deterministic and intrinsic controls on macroevolutionary patterns  Reviews models that predict diversity and disparity","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51627654971665,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51627655233809,"sku":"NGR9781498724319","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1498724310.jpg?v=1750796266"},{"product_id":"hierarchies-in-biological-systematics-book-igor-ya-pavlinov-9781032982120","title":"The Hierarchies in Biological Systematics","description":"The Hierarchies in Biological Systematics: A Conceptual Perspective examines the diverse hierarchies shaping the field of biology. 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