{"title":"International Cryogenics Monograph Series","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"cryogenic-process-engineering-book-klaus-d-timmerhaus-9781468487589","title":"Cryogenic Process Engineering","description":"Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem­ perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. 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Furthermore, the field has matured through these efforts so that there is now a broad engineering base to assist the development of future projects.  Helium Cryogenics, 2nd edition brings these advances in helium cryogenics together in an updated form. As in the original edition, the author's approach is to survey the field of cryogenics with emphasis on helium fluids. This approach is more specialized and fundamental than that contained in other cryogenics books, which treat the associated range of cryogenic fluids. As a result, the level of treatment is more advanced and assumes a certain knowledge of fundamental engineering and physics principles, including some quantum mechanics.  The goal throughout the work is to bridge the gap between the physics and engineering aspects of helium fluids to provide a source for engineers and scientists to enhance their usefulness in low-temperature systems.  Dr. Van Sciver is a Distinguished Research Professor and John H. Gorrie Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Florida State University. He is also a Program Director at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). Dr. Van  Sciver joined the FAMU-FSU College of Engineering and the NHMFL in 1991, initiating and teaching a graduate program in magnet and materials engineering and in cryogenic thermal sciences and heat transfer. He also led the NHMFL development efforts of the cryogenic systems for the NHMFL Hybrid and 900 MHz NMR superconducting magnets. Between 1997 and 2003, he served as Director of Magnet Science and Technology at the NHMFL. Dr. Van Sciver is a Fellow of the ASME and the Cryogenic Society of America and American Editor for the journal Cryogenics. He is the 2010 recipient of the Kurt Mendelssohn Award.  Prior to joining Florida State University, Dr. Van Sciver was Research Scientist and then Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Engineering Physics and Mechanical Engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison from 1976 to 1991. During that time he also served as the Associate Director of the Applied Superconductivity Center. Dr. Van Sciver received his PhD in Low Temperature Physics from the University of Washington-Seattle in 1976. He received his BS degree in Engineering Physics from Lehigh University in 1970.   Dr. Van Sciver is author of over 200 publications and patents in low temperature physics, liquid helium technology, cryogenic engineering and magnet technology. The first edition of Helium Cryogenics was published by Plenum Press (1986). 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The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51141427495185,"sku":"NIN9780387785134","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52128565494033,"sku":"NLS9780387785134","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0387785132.jpg?v=1751134078"},{"product_id":"cryogenic-mixed-refrigerant-processes-book-gadhiraju-venkatarathnam-9781441926906","title":"Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes","description":"Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. 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The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51142397362449,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51142400049425,"sku":"NIN9781441926906","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52455754137873,"sku":"NLS9781441926906","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1441926909.jpg?v=1751147614"},{"product_id":"aircraft-cryogenics-book-ernst-wolfgang-stautner-9783031714078","title":"Aircraft Cryogenics","description":"This book gives a step-by-step approach to the design of a cryogenic infrastructure required for superconducting, all-electric aircraft systems which is also partially applicable to liquid hydrogen fueled subsonic and hypersonic aircraft, as well as hybrids. While there is no shortage of publications on hydrogen fueled aircraft, this book puts the past journal literature through a magnifying glass and condenses it into an engineering strategy for the next steps to enable liquid hydrogen storage and distribution in aircraft. Emphasis is placed on tank design, manufacturability, safety features, and minimum tank weight, providing a holistic focus on the logistics of hydrogen management for all major components within the aircraft as well as on future superconducting motor architecture. The intention is to fully exploit the benefits of a liquid hydrogen reservoir without any need for additional cryogenic fluids, with relevance to cooling of various superconducting components e.g., motors and superconducting cables, as well as the heat sinking of power electronics and for fueling the fuel cell stack system. A liquid hydrogen tank hold-time analysis reveals the main governing factors and describes the required efforts for minimizing onboard boil off for aircraft designs with different flight mission duration. This is followed by an outlook showing where cryotankage technology and cryogenic aircraft architecture may move within the next 20 years embedded in a green hydrogen-based economy and how basic research will need to play a major role to help us realizing these future designs by consequently eliminating whitespace within today's technology landscape. 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Cryogenic liquids, such as oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium, have become commonly used in a number of different applications and are easily available in any part of the United States and, indeed, almost anywhere in the world. Not only are these liquids available, they have become less expensive and also available in ever larger quantities. As quantities increase, so also do the conse- quences of mishaps. The future seems to hold promise of ever larger and more widespread use of the common cryogens. 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The discussions  include insights into the operation of a regenerator; descriptions of  the cyclic and fluid temperature distributions in a regenerator; data  for various matrix geometries and materials, including coarse and fine  bronze, stainless steel-woven wire mesh screens, and lead spheres; and  unique operating features of cryocoolers that produce deviations from  ideal regenerator theory.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126384881937,"sku":"NLS9781475798937","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781475798937.jpg?v=1757475884"},{"product_id":"cryocoolers-book-graham-walker-9781468444322","title":"Cryocoolers","description":"The rapidly expanding use of very low temperatures in research and high technology during the last several decades and the concurrent high degree of activity in cryogenic engineering have mutually supported each other, each improvement in refrigeration technique making possible wider oppor- tunities for research and each new scientific discovery creating a need for a refrigerator with special features. In this book, Professor Walker has provided us with an excellent exposition of the achievements of this period, the fundamental principles involved, and a critical examination of the many different cryogenic systems which have led to a new era of low-level refrigeration. I feel fortunate to have had a part in the developments discussed in this book. During the early 1930s I constructed several rotary engines using leather vanes. Their performance was not good, but I was able to liquefy air. I had been impressed by the usefulness of leather cups in tire pumps and in Claude-type engines for air liquefaction. I was trying to find a way to avoid that part of the friction generated by a leather cup as a result of the radial force of the working gas on the cylindrical part of the cup. During the 1950s I built two efficient helium liquefiers in which essentially leather pistons were used.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52140383699217,"sku":"NLS9781468444322","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781468444322.jpg?v=1757574236"},{"product_id":"applied-superconductivity-metallurgy-and-physics-of-titanium-alloys-book-ew-collings-9781461292418","title":"Applied Superconductivity, Metallurgy, and Physics of Titanium Alloys","description":"Scope and Purpose Although conductors based on the Al5 intermetallic compound Nb Sn 3 possess desirable high-field superconducting properties, manufacturing and handling difficulties, coupled with the tendency of their critical current densities to degrade rapidly under stress, have generally restricted their use to fairly straightforward, usually small-scale solenoidal-magnet applica- tions. Likewise the Al5 compound VGa, which has a wider critical strain 3 window than NbSn but a uniformly lower upper critical field, has not 3 entered widespread service. Strain has been found to have no measurable influence on either the critical fields or the critical current densities of compound superconductors with BI and Cl5 crystal structures, but as yet they are still in the research and development stages. On the other hand, conductors using the binary alloy Ti-Nb or multi component alloys based on it, because of their relative ease of manufacture, excellent mechanical properties, and relatively low strain sensitivities, are now being pressed into service in numerous large-scale devices. Such conductors are being wound into magnets for use in energy storage, energy conversion (i. e., generators and motors), and high-energy particle detectors and beam-handling magnets. of cold-rolled or drawn Ti-Nb-alloy wire for superconducting The use magnet applications was first proposed in 1961. During the ensuing ten years, while progress was being made in the development of Cu-clad filamentary-Ti-Nb-alloy conductors, Ti-Nb and other Ti-base binary transi- tion-metal (TM) alloys were being employed as model systems in the fundamental study of type-I superconductivity.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52141208568081,"sku":"NLS9781461292418","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781461292418.jpg?v=1757576691"},{"product_id":"miniature-joule-thomson-cryocooling-book-ben-zion-maytal-9781489986429","title":"Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling","description":"The principles behind Joule-Thomson cryocooling demonstrate the workings of real gas thermodynamics. 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The discussions  include insights into the operation of a regenerator; descriptions of  the cyclic and fluid temperature distributions in a regenerator; data  for various matrix geometries and materials, including coarse and fine  bronze, stainless steel-woven wire mesh screens, and lead spheres; and  unique operating features of cryocoolers that produce deviations from  ideal regenerator theory.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52148182483217,"sku":"NLS9780306454493","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780306454493.jpg?v=1757602844"},{"product_id":"cryogenic-engineering-book-klaus-d-timmerhaus-9780387333243","title":"Cryogenic Engineering","description":"Cryogenic Engineering: Fifty Years of Progress is a benchmark reference work which chronicles the major developments in the field. 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Extensive references are provided for the readers interested in the details of these cryogenic engineering advances.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52150261481745,"sku":"NLS9780387333243","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780387333243.jpg?v=1757609536"},{"product_id":"heat-capacity-and-thermal-expansion-at-low-temperatures-book-thk-barron-9780306461989","title":"Heat Capacity and Thermal Expansion at Low Temperatures","description":"The birth of this monograph is partly due to the persistent efforts of the General Editor, Dr. Klaus Timmerhaus, to persuade the authors that they encapsulate their forty or fifty years of struggle with the thermal properties of materials into a book before they either expired or became totally senile. We recognize his wisdom in wanting a monograph which includes the closely linked properties of heat capacity and thermal expansion, to which we have added a little 'cement' in the form of elastic moduli. There seems to be a dearth of practitioners in these areas, particularly among physics postgraduate students, sometimes temporarily alleviated when a new generation of exciting materials are found, be they heavy fermion compounds, high- temperature superconductors, or fullerenes. And yet the needs of the space industry, telecommunications, energy conservation, astronomy, medical imaging, etc., place demands for more data and understanding of these properties for all classes of materials - metals, polymers, glasses, ceramics, and mixtures thereof. There have been many useful books, including Specific Heats at Low Tempera- tures by E. S. Raja Gopal (1966) in this Plenum Cryogenic Monograph Series, but few if any that covered these related topics in one book in a fashion designed to help the cryogenic engineer and cryophysicist. We hope that the introductory chapter will widen the horizons of many without a solid state background but with a general interest in physics and materials.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52333471006993,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52333471727889,"sku":"NLS9780306461989","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780306461989.jpg?v=1758154880"},{"product_id":"polymer-properties-at-room-and-cryogenic-temperatures-book-gunther-hartwig-9780306449871","title":"Polymer Properties at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures","description":"Most descriptions of polymers start at room temperature and end at the melting point. This textbook starts at very low temperatures and ends at room temperature. At low temperatures, may processes and relaxations are frozen which allows singular processes or separate relaxations to be studied. At room temperatures, or at the main glass transitions, many processes overlap and the properties are determined by relaxations. At low temperatures, there are temperature ranges with negligible influences by glass transitions. They can be used for investigating so-called basic properties which arise from principles of solid state physics. The chain structure of polymers, however, requires stringent modifications for establishing solid state physics of polymers. Several processes which are specific of polymers, occur only at low temperatures. There are also technological aspects for considering polymers at low temperatures. More and more applications of polymeric materials in low- temperature technology appear. Some examples are thermal and electrical insulations, support elements for cryogenic devices, low-loss materials for high- frequency equipments. It is hoped that, in addition to the scientific part, a data collection in the appendix may help to apply polymers more intensively in low- temperature technology. The author greatly appreciates the contributions by his coworkers of the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe in measurement and discussion of many data presented in the textbook and its appendix. Fruitful disccussions with the colleagues Prof. H. Baur, Prof. S. Hunklinger, Prof. D. 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