Photography: The Essential Way
By London, Stone, and Upton
1 getting started
Camera and Film
Getting your camera ready
Focusing and Setting the Exposure
Taking Your Picture
What Will You Photograph?
Some Basic Guidelines
To Get You Started
Photographing People
Photographing Places
2 camera
Basic Camera Controls
The Shutter
The Shutter and Light
The Shutter and Motion
Conveying Motion in a Still Photograph
The Aperture
The Aperture and Light
The Aperture and Depth of Field
Using Shutter and Aperture Together
Choosing a Camera
Keeping the Camera Steady
Photographer at Work:
Photojournalist James Nachtwey
3 lens
From Pinhole to Lens
Lens Focal Length
Normal Focal Length
Long Focal Length
Short Focal Length
Zoom Lenses
Special-Purpose Lenses
Focusing Your Lens
Manual Focus
Automatic Focus
Focus and Depth of Field
Controlling Depth of Field
Zone Focusing
Focusing on the Hyperfocal Distance
Perspective
Guidelines for Buying a Lens
Getting the Most from Your Camera
and Lens
Photographer at Work: Mary Ellen Mark
4 exposure, sensors, and film
Exposure Basics
Equivalent Exposures
How Exposure Meters Work
In-Camera Exposure Meters
Automatic Exposure
How to Meter
An Overall Reading of a Scene
with Average Tones
Using Different Types of Meters
Metering High-Contrast Scenes
Exposing for Specific Tones
and Bracketing
Hard-to-Meter Scenes
Responding to Light
Silver and Pixels
Selecting and Using Film
Film and Sensor Speed
Speed and ISO 92
Grain and Noise
Extending Beyond Visible Light
Infrared Photographs
Special Purpose Films
Instant and Chromogenic Films
Polarizing Filters
Exposure Latitude
How Much Can Exposures Vary?
Using Exposure
Photographer at Work:
Advertising Photographer
Clint Clemens
5 color
Color: Additive and Subtractive
Color Photographs: Three Image Layers
Color Characteristics
Color Balance
Color Changes Throughout the Day
Color Casts
Color Temperature
Photographer at Work:
Another Angle on Sports-
Walter Iooss
6 developing the negative
How to Process Black-and-White
Roll Film
Equipment and Supplies You'll Need
Processing Chemicals and
How to Handle Them
Chemical Safety
Processing Black-and-White Roll Film
Step by Step
How Film Processing
Affects Your Picture
Exposure and Development: Under,
Normal, Over
7 setting up a digital darkroom
Hardware and Software
An Overview
Capturing Detail:
Resolution and Bit Depth
Photographs are Files
File Formats
Importing Your Images
Downloading and Scanning
Making a Scan
Color Management
Histograms
Anatomy of a Digital Image
Three Histograms for Color
Setting Up a Workflow
Photographer at Work:
Digital Storyteller-Pedro Meyer
8 Image Editing
Digital Post-processing and Editing:
Getting Started
Choosing Software
Your Work Area and Tools
Setting Up an Image to Edit
Channels
Color or Black and White?
Adjusting Color and Value
Different Approaches
Using Levels
Curves
Adjusting All or Part of an Image
Selection Tools
Using Layers
Other Editing Commands
High Dynamic Range
Filters for Special Effects
Retouching and Sharpening
Compositing
An Image-Editing Workflow
9 Printing and Display
Printers and Printing
Printer Choices
Drivers and RIPs
Profiles and Soft Proofing
Papers and Inks
Printing Options
Panoramic Photographs
Printing in Black and White
Displaying Your Work
The Internet-Gallery and Resource
Ethics: How Far Can You Go?
Presenting a Print
Framing Options
Mounting a Print
Equipment and Supplies You'll Need
Dry Mounting
Cutting an Overmat
10 Organizing and Storing your Work
Image Storage
Size Matters
Metadata: Data About Your Files
Software to Keep You Organized
Archiving Digital Images
Archiving Film and Prints
11 Lighting
Direction of Light
Degree of Diffusion:
From Hard to Soft Light
Available Light-Outdoors
Available Light-Indoors
Artificial Light
Lights and Other Lighting Equipment
Qualities of Artificial Light
The Main Light: The Dominant Source
The Fill Light: To Lighten Shadows
Lighting with Flash
Flash Equipment
Basic Flash Techniques
Manual Flash Exposures
Automatic Flash Exposures
Fill Flash: To Lighten Shadows
Controlling Background Brightness
Simple Portrait Lighting
Multiple-Light Portrait Setups
Lighting Textured Objects
Lighting Reflective Objects
Lighting Translucent Objects
Using Lighting
Photographer at Work: Dance
Photographer Lois Greenfield...
12 Extending the Image
Opener
Using Scale
Pictures Very Large and Very Small
Multiple Images
More is Better
Fabricated to be Photographed
The Photograph as Object
Using Projections
Making a Book
Alternative Processes
Cyanotype Printing
Platinum and Palladium Printing
Gum Bichromate Printing
Image Transfer
A Photogram: A Cameraless Picture
Cross Processing
A Sabbatier Image: Part Positive, Part Negative
Pinhole Photography
How to Make a Close-Up Photograph
Close-Up Exposures
Copying Techniques
13 view camera
Inside a View Camera
View Camera Movements
Rise and Fall
Shift
Tilt
Swing
Using a View Camera to Control the Image
Controlling the Plane of Focus
Controlling Perspective
Equipment You'll Need
What to Do First-and Next
Loading and Processing Sheet Film
14 seeing photographs
Basic Choices
Content
Framing the Subject
Backgrounds
Basic Design
Spot/Line
Shape/Pattern
Emphasis/Balance
More Choices
Using Contrasts of Sharpness
Using Contrasts of Light and Dark
Placing the Subject within the Frame
Perspective and Point of View
Looking at-and Talking About-
Photographs
Showing Your Work to Editors and
Others
15 history of photography
The Invention of Photography
Daguerreotype:
Designs on Silver Bright
Calotype: Pictures on Paper
Collodion Wet-Plate:
Sharp and Reproducible
Gelatin Emulsion/Roll-Film Base:
Photography for Everyone
Color Photography
Early Portraits
Early Travel Photography
Early Images of War
Time and Motion in
Early Photographs
The Photograph as Document
Photography and Social Change
Photojournalism
Photography as Art in the
19th Century
Pictorial Photography
and the Photo-Secession
The Direct Image in Art
The Quest for a New Vision
Photography as Art
in the 1950s and 1960s
Photography as Art
in the 1970s and 1980s
A Gallery of Contemporary Photography
Troubleshooting
