Foreword Acknowledgments CHAPTER 1: The Politics of Public Budgets What is Budgeting? Governmental Budgeting Minicase: City Manager Replies to Scathing Budget Critique Minicase: Missouri Constitutional Amendment Reduces Governor's Powers Minicase: Young Protesters in Court Minicase: The Courts and New Jersey Pension Reform Minicase: The Federal Debt Limit as a Constraint Minicase: Highly Constrained Budgeting-Colorado's TABOR Amendment The Meaning of Politics in Public Budgeting Budgetary Decision-Making Microbudgeting and Macrobudgeting Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 2: Revenue Politics Raising Taxes Minicase: Supermajorities to Raise Taxes Minicase: Louisiana-Getting Around the No-Tax-Increase Pledge Minicase: A Tax Increase in Philadelphia The Politics of Protection Minicase: Wisconsin and Unexamined Tax Breaks Minicase: Illinois and the Role of the Press Minicase: Tax Breaks for Hedge Fund Managers Minicase: California and Enterprise Zone Tax Breaks Minicase: North Carolina and Business Tax Breaks Minicase: Michigan-Terminating its Film Subsidy Minicase: New Mexico and Tax Expenditure Reporting Tax Reform Minicase: Georgia Tax Reform Left Hanging Minicase: Michigan Tax Reform or Class Warfare? Minicase: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act: Is it a Tax Reform? Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 3: The Politics of Process Budget Process and the Characteristics of Public Budgeting Minicase: Harrisburg-Whose Priorities Dominate? Designing Process to Achieve Policy and Political Goals Macro- and Micropolitics Minicase: Republican Macrolevel Reform Proposals Minicase: Micropolitics-Bending the Rules to Win Individual Decisions Minicase: How the Governor's Veto is Used Variation between and among Federal, State, and Local Governments Minicase: Maine-The Governor versus the Legislature Minicase: Limits of Governor's Vetoes in New Mexico Minicase: San Diego-Fiscal Problems, Strong Mayor, and Veto Powers Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 4: The Dynamics of Changing Budget Processes Overview Minicase: New York State-Powerful Governor, Weak Legislature, Informal Budgeting Minicase: The Governor versus the Courts Federal Budget Process Changes Minicase: Deeming Resolutions and Ad Hoc Budgeting Minicase: Ad Hoc Scoring Rules Minicase: Overseas Contingency Operations Minicase: Budget Process Reform 2018? Changes in Budget Process at the State Level Minicase: Maryland's Legislative Budget Power Minicase: South Carolina's Legislatively Dominated Budget Process Begins to Budge Minicase: The Executive and the Legislature in Florida's Budgeting Changes in Budget Process at the Local Level Minicase: Florida and Unfunded Mandates Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 5: Expenditures: Strategies, Structures, and the Environment Strategies Minicase: A $17,000 Drip Pan Minicase: Homeland Security-A Program Tied to a Goal of Unlimited Worth Minicase: Amtrak Train Wreck Minicase: Congressional Budget Office and Scoring Structure Minicase: Budgetary Implications of Direct College Loans versus Loan Guarantees Minicase: An Open-Ended Discretionary Program-Immigration Enforcement Minicase: Trump, Immigration Enforcement, and the Threat of Grant Denial Minicase: California and Mandatory Spending on Redevelopment Agencies Minicase: Fannie and Freddie: Government Bailout, a Loan, or Investment? Minicase: New Jersey's Fund Diversion from the Unemployment Insurance Fund The Environment Strategy, Structure, and Environment Combined: The Medicare Example Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 6: The Politics of Balancing the Budget Defining the Balance Constraint Minicase: Was the Wisconsin Budget Balanced? Minicase: Balance in the Federal Highway Trust Fund Minicase: Illinois Funds Sweep Multiple Actors, Ideologies, and Deficits The Environment, Unpredictability, and Deficits Increasing Stress between Payer and Decider Minicase: Chicago's Parking Meters Minicase: Iowa's Privatization of Medicaid The Politics of Deficits: The Federal Level The Politics of Deficits: States Minicase: Detroit Bankruptcy Minicase: Why Did Jefferson County, Alabama, Declare Bankruptcy? The Politics of Balance in Cities Minicase: The Politics of Deficits-An Urban Example Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 7: Budget Execution: The Politics of Adaptation Tools for Changing the Budget Minicase: Policy Deferrals in the Department of State Minicase: Using Holdbacks to Change Legislative Priorities-Maryland Minicase: Herbert Hoover and Legislative Vetoes Minicase: The National Weather Service Reprogramming Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 8: Controlling Waste, Fraud, and Abuse Minicase: Congressional Oversight and the Zombie Apocalypse Inspectors General The Politics of Finding Waste, Fraud, and Abuse Minicase: Louisiana Inspector General Minicase: President Obama Fires an IG Minicase: Who Guards the Guards? Not the Guards Themselves Minicase: Acting IG for Homeland Security-Too Close to the Department Minicase: The Massachusetts Inspector General Versus the Governor Minicase: New York State and Medicaid Minicase: Baltimore's Departing IG Auditors General Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites CHAPTER 9: Budgetary Decision-Making and Politics Real-Time Budgeting A Comparison of the Decision-Making Streams Common Themes Reconceptualizing Reform Avenues for Research Summary and Conclusions Useful Websites Notes Author Index Subject Index About the Author
