SECTION 1-SPINE 1-1 Vertebral Column, 2 Cervical Spine 1-2 Atlas and Axis, 3 1-3 External Craniocervical Ligaments, 4 1-4 Internal Craniocervical Ligaments, 5 1-5 Suboccipital Triangle, 6 1-6 Dens Fracture, 7 1-7 Jefferson and Hangman's Fractures, 8 1-8 Cervical Vertebrae, 9 1-9 Muscles of Back: Superficial Layers, 10 1-10 Muscles of Back: Intermediate and Deep Layers, 11 1-11 Spinal Nerves and Sensory Dermatomes, 12 1-12 Cervical Spondylosis, 13 1-13 Cervical Spondylosis and Myelopathy, 14 1-14 Cervical Disc Herniation: Clinical Manifestations, 15 1-15 Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Myelopathy and Radiculopathy, 16 1-16 Extravascular Compression of Vertebral Arteries, 17 Thoracolumbar and Sacral Spine 1-17 Thoracic Vertebrae and Ligaments, 18 1-18 Lumbar Vertebrae and Intervertebral Discs, 19 1-19 Sacral Spine and Pelvis, 20 1-20 Lumbosacral Ligaments, 21 1-21 Degenerative Disc Disease, 22 1-22 Lumbar Disc Herniation, 23 1-23 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis, 24 1-24 Lumbar Spinal Stenosis (Continued), 25 1-25 Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis, 26 1-26 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Cascading Spine, 27 1-27 Adult Deformity, 28 1-28 Three-Column Concept of Spinal Stability and Compression Fractures, 29 1-29 Compression Fractures (Continued), 30 1-30 Burst, Chance, and Unstable Fractures, 31 Deformities of Spine 1-31 Congenital Anomalies of Occipitocervical Junction, 32 1-32 Congenital Anomalies of Occipitocervical Junction (Continued), 33 1-33 Synostosis of Cervical Spine (Klippel-Feil Syndrome), 34 1-34 Clinical Appearance of Congenital Muscular Torticollis (Wryneck), 35 1-35 Nonmuscular Causes of Torticollis, 36 1-36 Pathologic Anatomy of Scoliosis, 37 1-37 Typical Scoliosis Curve Patterns, 38 1-38 Congenital Scoliosis: Closed Vertebral Types (MacEwen Classification), 39 1-39 Clinical Evaluation of Scoliosis, 40 1-40 Determination of Skeletal Maturation, Measurement of Curvature, and Measurement of Rotation, 41 1-41 Braces for Scoliosis, 42 1-42 Scheuermann Disease, 43 1-43 Congenital Kyphosis, 44 1-44 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis, 45 1-45 Myelodysplasia, 46 1-46 Lumbosacral Agenesis, 47 SECTION 2-PELVIS, HIP, AND THIGH Anatomy 2-1 Superficial Veins and Cutaneous Nerves, 50 2-2 Lumbosacral Plexus, 52 2-3 Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses, 53 2-4 Nerves of Buttock, 54 2-5 Femoral Nerve (L2, 3, 4) and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2, 3), 55 2-6 Obturator Nerve (L2, 3, 4), 56 2-7 Sciatic Nerve (L4, 5; S1, 2, 3) and Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (S1, 2, 3), 57 2-8 Muscles of Front of Hip and Thigh, 58 2-9 Muscles of Hip and Thigh (Anterior and Lateral Views), 59 2-10 Muscles of Back of Hip and Thigh, 60 2-11 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Anterior View, 61 2-12 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Hip and Thigh: Posterior View, 62 2-13 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip: Axial View, 63 2-14 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Hip: Coronal View, 64 2-15 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Thigh, 65 2-16 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Anterior Views, 66 2-17 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Deep Dissection (Anterior View), 67 2-18 Arteries and Nerves of Thigh: Deep Dissection (Posterior view), 68 2-19 Bones and Ligaments at Hip: Osteology of the Femur, 69 2-20 Bones and Ligaments at Hip: Hip Joint, 70 Physical Examination 2-21 Physical Examination, 71 Deformities of the Pelvis and Femur 2-22 Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency: Radiographic Classification, 72 2-23 Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency: Clinical Presentation, 73 2-24 Congenital Short Femur with Coxa Vara, 74 2-25 Recognition of Developmental Dislocation of the Hip, 75 2-26 Clinical Findings in Developmental Dislocation of Hip, 76 2-27 Radiologic Diagnosis of Developmental Dislocation of Hip, 77 2-28 Adaptive Changes in Dislocated Hip That Interfere with Reduction, 78 2-29 Device for Treatment of Clinically Reducible Dislocation of Hip, 79 2-30 Blood Supply to Femoral Head in Infancy, 80 2-31 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Pathogenesis, 81 2-32 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Physical Examination, 82 2-33 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Physical Examination (Continued), 83 2-34 Stages of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, 84 2-35 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Lateral Pillar Classification, 85 2-36 Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease: Conservative Management, 86 2-37 Femoral Varus Derotational Osteotomy, 87 2-38 Innominate Osteotomy, 88 2-39 Innominate Osteotomy (Continued), 89 2-40 Physical Examination and Classification of Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, 90 2-41 Pin Fixation in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, 91 Disorders of the Hip 2-42 Hip Joint Involvement in Osteoarthritis, 92 2-43 Total Hip Replacement: Prostheses, 93 2-44 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 1 to 3, 94 2-45 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 4 to 8, 95 2-46 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 9 to 12, 96 2-47 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 13 to 18, 97 2-48 Total Hip Replacement: Steps 19 and 20, 98 2-49 Total Hip Replacement: Dysplastic Acetabulum, 99 2-50 Total Hip Replacement: Protrusio Acetabuli, 100 2-51 Total Hip Replacement: Complications- Loosening of Femoral Component, 101 2-52 Total Hip Replacement: Complications- Fractures of Femur and Femoral Component, 102 2-53 Total Hip Replacement: Complications- Loosening of Acetabular Component and Dislocation of Total Hip Prosthesis, 103 2-54 Total Hip Replacement: Infection, 104 2-55 Total Hip Replacement: Hemiarthroplasty of Hip, 105 2-56 Hip Resurfacing, 106 2-57 Rehabilitation after Total Hip Replacement, 107 2-58 Femoroacetabular Impingement/ Hip Labral Tears, 108 2-59 Avascular Necrosis, 109 2-60 Trochanteric Bursitis, 110 2-61 Snapping Hip (Coxa Saltans), 111 2-62 Muscle Strains, 112 Trauma 2-63 Injury to Pelvis: Stable Pelvic Ring Fractures, 113 2-64 Injury to Pelvis: Straddle Fracture and Lateral Compression Injury, 114 2-65 Injury to Pelvis: Open Book Fracture, 115 2-66 Injury to Pelvis: Vertical Shear Fracture, 116 2-67 Injury to Hip: Acetabular Fractures, 117 2-68 Injury to Hip: Acetabular Fractures (Continued), 118 2-69 Injury to Hip: Posterior Dislocation of Hip, 119 2-70 Injury to Hip: Anterior Dislocation of Hip, Obturator Type, 120 2-71 Injury to Hip: Dislocation of Hip with Fracture of Femoral Head, 121 2-72 Injury to Femur: Intracapsular Fracture of Femoral Neck, 122 2-73 Injury to Femur: Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur, 123 2-74 Injury to Femur: Subtrochanteric Fracture of Femur, 124 2-75 Injury to Femur: Fracture of Shaft of Femur, 125 2-76 Injury to Femur: Fracture of Distal Femur, 126 2-77 Amputation of Lower Limb and Hip (Disarticulation and Hemipelvectomy), 127 SECTION 3-KNEE Anatomy 3-1 Topographic Anatomy of the Knee, 130 3-2 Osteology of the Knee, 131 3-3 Knee: Lateral and Medial Views, 132 3-4 Knee: Anterior Views, 133 3-5 Knee: Posterior and Sagittal Views, 134 3-6 Knee: Interior View and Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments, 135 3-7 Arteries and Nerves of Knee, 136 Injury to the Knee 3-8 Arthrocentesis of Knee Joint, 137 3-9 Types of Meniscal Tears and Discoid Meniscus Variations, 138 3-10 Tears of the Meniscus, 139 3-11 Medial and Lateral Meniscus, 140 3-12 Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, 141 3-13 Lateral Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral Knee Instability, 142 3-14 Rupture of Cruciate Ligaments: Arthroscopy, 143 3-15 Rupture of Posterior Cruciate Ligament, 144 3-16 Physical Examination of the Leg and Knee, 145 3-17 Sprains of Knee Ligaments, 146 3-18 Disruption of Quadriceps Femoris Tendon or Patellar Ligament, 147 3-19 Dislocation of Knee Joint, 148 Disorders of the Knee 3-20 Progression of Osteochondritis Dissecans, 149 3-21 Osteonecrosis, 150 3-22 Tibial Intercondylar Eminence Fracture, 151 3-23 Synovial Plica, 152 3-24 Synovial Plica (Arthroscopy), Bursitis, and Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome, 153 3-25 Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis and Meniscal Cysts, 154 3-26 Rehabilitation after Injury to Knee Ligaments, 155 3-27 Bipartite Patella and Baker's Cyst, 156 3-28 Subluxation and Dislocation of Patella, 157 3-29 Fracture of the Patella, 158 3-30 Osgood-Schlatter Lesion, 159 3-31 Knee Arthroplasty: Osteoarthritis of the Knee, 160 3-32 Knee Arthroplasty: Total Condylar Prosthesis and Unicompartmental Prosthesis, 161 3-33 Knee Arthroplasty: Posterior Stabilized Knee Prosthesis, 162 3-34 Total Knee Replacement Technique: Steps 1 to 5, 163 3-35 Total Knee Replacement Technique: Steps 6 to 9, 164 3-36 Total Knee Replacement Technique: Steps 10 to 14, 165 3-37 Total Knee Replacement Technique: Steps 15 to 20, 166 3-38 Medial Release for Varus Deformity of Knee, 167 3-39 Lateral Release for Valgus Deformity of Knee, 168 3-40 Rehabilitation after Total Knee Replacement, 169 3-41 High Tibial Osteotomy for Varus Deformity of Knee, 170 3-42 Below-Knee Amputation, 171 3-43 Disarticulation of Knee and Above-Knee Amputation, 172 SECTION 4-LOWER LEG Anatomy 4-1 Topographic Anatomy of the Lower Leg, 174 4-2 Fascial Compartments of Leg, 175 4-3 Muscles of Leg: Superficial Dissection (Anterior View), 176 4-4 Muscles of Leg: Superficial Dissection (Lateral View), 177 4-5 Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg: Deep Dissection (Anterior View), 178 4-6 Muscles of Leg: Superficial Dissection (Posterior View), 179 4-7 Muscles of Leg: Intermediate Dissection (Posterior View), 180 4-8 Muscles, Arteries, and Nerves of Leg: Deep Dissection (Posterior View), 181 4-9 Common Peroneal Nerve, 182 4-10 Tibial Nerve, 183 4-11 Tibia and Fibula, 184 4-12 Tibia and Fibula (Continued), 185 4-13 Bony Attachments of Muscles of Leg, 186 Injury to Lower Leg 4-14 Fracture of Proximal Tibia Involving Articular Surface, 187 4-15 Fracture of Shaft of Tibia, 188 4-16 Fracture of Tibia in Children, 189 Congenital Deformities 4-17 Bowleg and Knock-Knee, 190 4-18 Blount Disease, 191 4-19 Toeing In: Metatarsus Adductus and Internal Tibial Torsion, 192 4-20 Toeing In: Internal Femoral Torsion, 193 4-21 Toeing Out and Postural Torsional Effects on Lower Limbs, 194 SECTION 5-ANKLE AND FOOT Anatomy 5-1 Surface Anatomy and Muscle Origins and Insertions, 196 5-2 Tendon Sheaths of Ankle, 197 5-3 Ligaments and Tendons of Ankle, 198 5-4 Dorsal Foot: Superficial Dissection, 199 5-5 Dorsal Foot: Deep Dissection, 200 5-6 Plantar Foot: Superficial Dissection, 201 5-7 Plantar Foot: First Layer, 202 5-8 Plantar Foot: Second Layer, 203 5-9 Plantar Foot: Third Layer, 204 5-10 Interosseous Muscles and Deep Arteries of Foot, 205 5-11 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot, 206 5-12 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of Ankle and Foot (Continued), 207 5-13 Bones of Foot, 208 5-14 Bones of Foot (Continued), 209 5-15 Ligaments and Tendons of Foot: Plantar View, 210 5-16 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Lower Limb, 211 Fractures and Dislocations 5-17 Major Sprains and Sprain Fractures, 212 5-18 Mechanisms of Ankle Sprains, 213 5-19 Rotational Fractures, 214 5-20 Repair of Fracture of Malleolus, 215 5-21 Pilon Fracture, 216 5-22 Talus Fracture, 217 5-23 Extra-articular Fracture of Calcaneus, 218 5-24 Intra-articular Fracture of Calcaneus, 219 5-25 Fifth Metatarsal Fractures, 220 5-26 Lisfranc Injury, 221 5-27 Navicular Stress Fractures, 222 Common Soft Tissue Disorders 5-28 Achilles Tendon Rupture, 223 5-29 Peroneal Tendon Injury, 224 5-30 Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus, 225 5-31 Turf Toe, 226 5-32 Plantar Fasciitis, 227 5-33 Posterior Tibial Tendonitis/Flatfoot, 228 Deformities of the Ankle and Foot 5-34 Congenital Clubfoot, 229 5-35 Congenital Clubfoot (Continued), 230 5-36 Congenital Vertical Talus, 231 5-37 Cavovarus Foot, 232 5-38 Calcaneovalgus and Planovalgus, 233 5-39 Tarsal Coalition, 234 5-40 Tarsal Coalition (Continued), 235 5-41 Accessory Tarsal Navicular, 236 5-42 Congenital Toe Deformities, 237 5-43 Koehler Disease, 238 Infections and Amputations 5-44 Common Foot Infections, 239 5-45 Deep Infections of Foot, 240 5-46 Lesions of the Diabetic Foot, 241 5-47 Clinical Evaluation of Patient with Diabetic Foot Lesion, 242 5-48 Amputation of Foot, 243 5-49 Syme Amputation (Wagner Modification), 244
