From Archimedes and Copernicus to Stephen Hawking and Stephen Jay Gould, this biographical dictionary of scientists is intended as a reference for scientists, students and anyone with a general interest in science. Over 1300 entries, spanning over 2500 years, cover all areas of science, from physics and astronomy to medicine and ecology, including key figures in the fields of mathematics and technology. Explanations of the science itself and its historical significance are also provided, as are all Nobel Laureates in physics, chemistry, physiology, and medicine. An index of topics and extensive network of cross-references to related entries aid ease of use.