Maintenance Strategies, Dielectric Theory, Insulating Materials, Failure Modes, and Maintenance Impact on Arc-Flash Hazards
Introduction
Why Maintain and Test
Overview of Electrical Maintenance and Testing Strategies
Planning an EPM Program
Overview of Testing and Test Methods
Review of Dielectric Theory and Practice
Insulating Materials for Electrical Power Equipment
Causes of Insulation Degradation and Failure Modes of Electrical Equipment
Maintenance of Protective Devices and their Impact on Arc-Flash Hazard Analysis
Direct-Current Voltage Testing of Electrical Equipment
Introduction
DC Voltage Testing of Insulation
DC Testing Methods
Transformers
Cables and Accessories
Electrical Switchgear and Circuit Breakers
Motors and Generators
Lightning Arresters
Capacitors
Evaluation of Test Data Readings
Precautions when Making DC Tests
Power Factor and Dissipation Factor Testing Methods
Introduction
PF and DF Test Methods
Description of the PF Test Equipment
Basic Test Connections (Test Modes) for PF Testing
Safety Cautions with PF Testing
PF Testing of Electrical Apparatus Insulation
Evaluation and Grading of PF and DF Test Results
Insulating Oils, Fluids, and Gases
Introduction
Insulating Oil
Less Flammable Insulating Fluids
Insulating Liquid Sampling Procedures
Maintenance and Reconditioning of Insulating Oil and Fluids
Insulating Gases
Transformers
Introduction
Transformer Categories and Type
Application and Use
Transformer Fundamentals
Transformer Polarity, Terminal Markings, and Connections
Transformer Characteristics
Preventive Maintenance of Transformers
Transformer Testing
Online Condition Monitoring of Transformers
Online Monitoring of Bushings and Lightning Arrestors
Cables and Accessories
Introduction
Cable Construction and Classification
Cable Characteristics
Electrical Constants
Cable Ratings
Cable Selection and Application
Installation of Cables
Maintenance of Cables
Cable Failures and Their Analysis
Field Testing of Medium-Voltage Cables
Latest Trends in Cable Condition Monitoring and Aging Assessment
Cable Fault Locating Methods
Medium-Voltage Switchgear and Circuit Breakers
General
Medium-Voltage Switchgear
Electrical Switchgear Maintenance and Care
Electrical Switchgear Testing
Control Power for Switchgear
DC (Battery) Control Power Equipment
AC Control Power Equipment
Maintenance and Care of Batteries for
Switchgear Applications
Low-Voltage Switchgear and Circuit Breakers
Low-Voltage Switchgear
Low-Voltage Circuit Breakers
Overcurrent Protective Devices
Fuses
Disconnect Switches
Selection and Application of Low-Voltage Equipment
Low-Voltage Switchgear Maintenance and Care
Maintenance and Testing of Low-Voltage Protective Devices
Uninterruptible Power Supply Commissioning and Testing
Infrared Inspection of Electrical Equipment
Testing and Commissioning of Protective Relays and Instrument Transformers
Introduction
Instrument Transformers
Protective Relays
Relay Application and Principles
Types of Relay Tests
Testing and Maintenance of Electromechanical Protective Relays
Testing and Commissioning of Static and Digital Relays
Event Reporting
Motors and Generators
General
NEMA Classifi cation of Motors and Generators
Applications of Motors and Generators
AC Motors
AC Generators
DC Motors
DC Generators
Motor and Generator Insulation Systems
Motor and Generator Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance Guide on Motors and Variable Frequency Drives
Testing of Motors and Generators
Other Insulation Test Methods
Vibration Analysis
Electrical Power System Grounding and Ground Resistance Measurements
Introduction
Selection of Grounding Method
Selection of Grounding System
Understanding Ground Resistance
Ground Resistance Values
Ground Resistance Measurements
Ground Grid Integrity Measurements
Power Quality, Harmonics, and Predictive Maintenance
Background
PQ Concept and Fundamentals
Origins of PQ Problems and Harmonics
Characteristics of Typical Linear and Nonlinear Loads
Effects of Harmonic on Power System Equipment and Loads
Predictive Maintenance and PQ Measurements
PQ Solution and Power Treatment Devices
Electrical Safety, Arc-Flash Hazard, Switching Practices, and Precautions
Introduction
Industry Standards and Regulatory Requirements for Safety
Arc-Flash Hazard and Regulatory Requirements
Electrical Safety Practices and Precautions
Electrical Switching Practices and Precautions
Electrical Fire Emergencies
Effects of Electrical Shock
First Aid
Appendix A
Appendix B
Bibliography
Index
