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chapter

1 The History and Foundation of Interpersonal

Communication

OVERVIEW

WHY STUDY INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION?

WHAT EXACTLY IS INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION?

Mass or Mediated Communication

Organizational Communication

Small Group Communication

Intrapersonal Communication

Interpersonal Communication

AN OVERVIEW OF THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTERPERSONAL

COMMUNICATION

Irreversible

Not Communicating Is Difficult

Transactional

Evolving

Relational/Content Components

Process

Effective Communication Is More Important

than More Communication

Relationship Building

Shared Meaning

Other-Oriented

Nonverbal Messages

Nonverbal Messages Are More Believable

Abide by Rules When Interacting with Others

Learned Skill

HISTORY OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION THEORY

OVERVIEW OF THE TEXTBOOK

SUMMARY

ACTIVITIES

REFERENCES

chapter

2 Verbal Communication

OVERVIEW 24DEFINING VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Rules

Symbols

Subjectivity

Context

FUNCTIONS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Cognitive Functions

Social Reality Function

Group Identity Function

Social Change Function

VERBAL COMMUNICATION STYLES

Direct/Indirect

Informal/Formal

Clarity/Equivocation

Powerful/Powerless Language

PERCEPTIONS AND VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Credibility and Status

Bias Communication through Language

VERBAL IMMEDIACY

Message Design Logic (MDL)

FACTORS AFFECTING VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Life Span

Sex Differences in Verbal Communication

Contextual Differences

BEST PRACTICES: AVOID VERBAL PITFALLS

Clarity

Appropriateness

Concreteness

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

ACTIVITY

REFERENCES

chapter

3 Nonverbal Communication

OVERVIEW

DEFINING NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

HOW IS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION DIFFERENT

FROM VERBAL COMMUNICATION?

HOW IS NONVERBAL SIMILAR TO

VERBAL COMMUNICATION?

EIGHT TYPES OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

Facial Communication

Kinesics

Haptics

Proxemics

Paralanguage

Physical Appearance

Artifacts

Chronemics

FOUR FUNCTIONS OF NONVERBAL MESSAGES

Facilitate Cognitive Meaning

Encoding and Decoding Emotions

Express Affection and Support

Aid in Impression Formation/Identity Management

BEST PRACTICES: AVOID COMMON NONVERBAL

COMMUNICATION MISTAKES

Common Areas of Miscommunication

Nonverbal Messages and Social Influence

Practice Sending and Receiving Nonverbal Messages

Recognize Differences in Nonverbal

Communication Perceptions

FUTURE DIRECTION FOR NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION:

ELECTRONIC PARALANGUAGE

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

REFERENCES

chapter

4 Formation and Maintenance of Identity

INFANTS

Physical and Motor Development in Infancy

Perception in the Newborn

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Social-Emotional Development in Infancy

CHILDREN

Cognitive Development in

Childhood: Piaget's Theory

Children's Social-Emotional Development

ADOLESCENTS

Physical and Sexual Changes

Adolescent Egocentrism

Identity Formation

ADULTS

Erikson's Stages of Adulthood

MAIN POINTS

chapter

5 Social Influence

DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSUASION

WHY STUDY PERSUASION?

WHERE AND WHEN DO WE PERSUADE?

PERSUASION AS ONE OF MULTIPLE

FORMS OF INFLUENCE

ATTITUDES, VALUES, AND BELIEFS

Personality Traits and Persuasion

Research on Message Variables

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Ego-Involvement, or Social Judgment Theory

The Theory of Reasoned Action

The Theory of Planned Behavior

Elaboration Likelihood Theory

Compliance-Gaining Message Selection

Cialdini's Persuasive Heuristics

Preventing Persuasion

chapter

6 Interpersonal Conflict

UNDERSTANDING AND ENHANCING

CONVERSATIONS

Opening

Feedforward

Focus

Feedback

Closing

CONFLICT AND NEGOTIATION

What Is Conflict?

How Can Conflict Be Managed?

Conflict Management Styles

THAT'S DEBATABLE

Factors Influencing Conflict Management

Confirmation and Disconfirmation

Negotiation

HONE YOUR SKILLS IN CONVERSATION AND

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

Skills for Difficult Conversational Moments

Skills for Coping with Conflict

HIGHLIGHTS

APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE

REFERENCES

chapter

7 Initiating Relationship

OVERVIEW

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN RELATIONSHIP

DEVELOPMENT

RELATIONSHIP DEFINED

The Nature of Relationships

Deciding to Make the First Move:

Why We Initiate Relationships

DEFINING INTERPERSONAL ATTRACTION

Physical Attractiveness

Social Attractiveness

Task Attractiveness

Proximity

Similarity/Homophily

Goals

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION THEORIES:

HOW WE INITIATE RELATIONSHIPS

Starting the Conversation

Social Penetration Theory

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Predicted Outcome Value Theory

Liking

Social Exchange Theory

Stages of Relationship Development

Relationship Initiation Contexts

The Role of Technology in Relationship Initiation

Relationship Initiation and Culture

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

REFERENCES

chapter

8 Sustaining Relationships

OVERVIEW

SIGNIFICANCE OF RELATIONSHIP MAINTENANCE

Maintaining the Existence of the Relationship

Maintaining a Desired State in the Relationship

Maintaining a Satisfactory State

Repairing a Relationship

WHY WE MAINTAIN SOME RELATIONSHIPS

AND NOT OTHERS

HOW WE MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS: THE ROLE

OF COMMUNICATION

RELATIONSHIP MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES

RELATIONSHIP MAINTENANCE IN DIFFERENT TYPES

OF RELATIONSHIPS

COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION

AS A MEANS OF MAINTAINING RELATIONSHIPS

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT RELATIONSHIP MAINTENANCE

CONFLICT: A NATURAL COMPONENT

OF ALL RELATIONSHIPS

Definition of Conflict

CONFLICT CAN BE PRODUCTIVE OR UNPRODUCTIVE

IN RELATIONSHIPS

TALKING ABOUT CONFLICT

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES

Avoidance

Competitive/Distributive

Collaborative/Integrative

THE DARK SIDE OF CONFLICT: VERBAL AGGRESSION

MANAGING CONFLICT

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

REFERENCES

chapter

9 Terminating Relationships

OVERVIEW

TERMINATING FRIENDSHIPS

Using Indirect Methods to End a Friendship

Using Direct Methods to End a Friendship

TERMINATING ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS

Infidelity

Lack of Commitment

Dissimilarity

Outside Pressures

HOMOSEXUAL VERSUS HETEROSEXUAL

RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION

ASSESSING RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS

DECISION MAKING DURING RELATIONSHIP

TERMINATION

Intrapsychic Phase

Dyadic Phase

Social Phase

Grave Dressing

FIVE STAGES OF RELATIONSHIP DISSOLUTION

Differentiating

Circumscribing

Stagnating

Avoiding

Termination

STRATEGIES USED TO TERMINATE RELATIONSHIPS

Positive Tone Messages

De-escalation Messages

Withdrawal or Avoidance

Justification Tactic

Negative Identity Management Tactic

REDEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP AFTER THE BREAK-UP:

REMAINING "JUST FRIENDS"

METHODS OF COPING WITH RELATIONSHIP

DISSOLUTION

CLOSURE AND FORGIVENESS

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Exercise to Forgive Yourself

Exercise to Forgive a Partner

REFERENCES

chapter

10 The Dark Side of Interpersonal Relationships

OVERVIEW

DECEPTION AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Completeness

Relevance/Directness

Clarity

Personalization

Veridicality

WHY DO WE LIE?

Lying to Harm Others

Lying to Protect Self

Spare Others

ARE THERE GOOD REASONS FOR LYING?

DETECTING DECEPTION

Third-Party Information

Physical Evidence

Confessions

TO LIE OR NOT TO LIE: THAT IS THE QUESTION

EMBARRASSMENT: WHY DID I SAY THAT?

Our Role in Embarrassment

Responding to Embarrassment

JEALOUSY IN INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Types of Jealousy in Relationships

Why Does Jealousy Occur?

Characteristics Associated with Jealousy

Gender Differences and Jealousy

Coping with Jealousy

INTERPERSONAL POWER AND AGGRESSION

Types of Power

Relationship between Power and Interpersonal Influence

Power versus Dominance in Relationships

VERBAL AGGRESSION

Verbal Aggression in the Classroom

Workplace Bullying

OBSESSIVE RELATIONAL INTRUSION

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

REFERENCES

chapter

11 Intercultural Communication

OVERVIEW

THE IMPACT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

Understanding the Self

Technological Transformations

Influence of Demographic Transitions

COMMUNICATION COMPETENCE: FOUR CORE CONCEPTS

Knowledge

Understanding

Acceptance

Skills 20

CULTURE AND DIVERSITY DEFINED

CO-CULTURES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES

Ethnicity

Race

Regional Differences

Social Class

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE

Culture Is Learned

Culture Is Dynamic

Culture Is Pervasive

HOW DIVERSITY IMPACTS INTERPERSONAL

RELATIONSHIPS

PERSONAL ORIENTATION SYSTEM

Needs

Beliefs

Values

Attitudes: Stereotyping and Prejudice

COMMUNICATING PREJUDICE

Functions of Prejudice

Cultural Value Orientations

SUGGESTIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL INTERPERSONAL

RELATIONSHIPS WITH DIVERSE OTHERS

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

REFERENCES

chapter

12 Family Communication

OVERVIEW

DEFINITION OF FAMILY

TYPES OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

Marital Relationships

Parent-Child Relationships

Sibling Relationships

Maintenance in Sibling Relationships

FAMILY COMMUNICATION THEORIES

Systems Theory

Family Communication Patterns Theory

Symbolic Interaction Theory

CREATING A FAMILY IDENTITY

Family Stories

Family Myths

Metaphors

Themes

CONSEQUENCES OF FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

Confirmation

Rejection

Disconfirmation

COMMUNICATING INTIMACY

DIFFICULT COMMUNICATION

Family Stress

Violence and Abuse in Families

SUMMARY

APPLICATIONS

Discussion Questions

REFERENCES

chapter

13 Health Communication

CHAPTER OBJECTIVES

DEFINING HEALTH COMMUNICATION

What Is Communication?

Health Communication Defined

HEALTH COMMUNICATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY:

KEY CHARACTERISTICS AND DEFINING FEATURES

People-Centered

Evidence-Based

Multidisciplinary

Strategic

Process-Oriented

Cost-Effective

Creative in Support of Strategy

Audience- and Media-Specific

Relationship Building

Aimed at Behavioral and Social Results

Inclusive of Vulnerable and Underserved Groups

THE HEALTH COMMUNICATION ENVIRONMENT

HEALTH COMMUNICATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH, HEALTH CARE,

AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Health Communication in Public Health

Health Communication in Health Care Settings

Health Communication in Community Development

THE ROLE OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION IN

THE MARKETING MIX

OVERVIEW OF KEY COMMUNICATION AREAS

THE HEALTH COMMUNICATION CYCLE

WHAT HEALTH COMMUNICATION CAN AND CANNOT DO

KEY CONCEPTS

FOR DISCUSSION AND PRACTICE