Part I: Physiology of RNA Interference 1. Endogenous Antiviral Mechanisms of RNA Interference: A Comparative Biology Perspective Abubaker M. E. Sidahmed and Bruce Wilkie 2. Monitoring Innate Immune Recruitment by siRNAs in Mammalian Cells Michael P. Gantier and Bryan R. G. Williams 3. Current Knowledge of MicroRNAs and Non-coding RNAs in Virus-Infected Cells Dominique L. Ouellet and Patrick Provost 4. Allele-Specific Silencing by RNA Interference Hirohiko Hohjoh 5. Computational siRNA Design Considering Alternative Splicing Young J. Kim 6. Bioinformatic Approaches to siRNA Selection and Optimization Pirkko Muhonen and Harry Holthofer 7. Optimized Gene Silencing by Co-Expression of Multiple shRNAs in a Single Vector Yasuhito Ishigaki, Akihiro Nagao, and Tsukasa Matsunaga 8. Strategies in Designing Multi-Gene Expression Units to Downregulate HIV-1 Jane Zhang and John J. Rossi 9. Designing Optimal siRNA Based on Target Site Accessibility Ivo L. Hofacker and Hakim Tafer 10. Chemical Synthesis of 2-O-alkylated siRNAs Joachim W. Engels, Romualdas Smicius, Jens Haas, and Dalibor Odadzic Part II: RNA Interference in the Laboratory and siRNA Delivery 11. siRNA Specific Delivery System for Targeting Dendritic Cells Xiufen Zheng, Costin Vladau, Aminah Shunner, and Wei-Ping Min 12. Hydrodynamic Delivery Protocols Piotr G. Rychahou and B. Mark Evers 13. New Methods for Reverse Transfection with siRNA from a Solid Surface Satoshi Fujita, Kota Takano, Eiji Ota, Takuma Sano, Tomohiro Yoshikawa, Masato Miyake, and Jun Miyake 14. Non-Viral siRNA Delivery for Gene Silencing in Neurodegenerative Diseases Satya Prakash, Meenakshi Malhotra, and VenkateshRengaswamy 15. Using siRNA to Uncover Novel Oncogenic Signaling Pathways Jin-Mei Lai, Chi-Ying F. Huang, and Chang-Han Chen 16. Biodegradable Polymer-Mediated sh/siRNA Delivery for Cancer Studies Dhananjay J. Jere and Chong-Su Cho 17. Cellular siRNA Delivery Using TatU1A and Photoinduced RNA Interference Tamaki Endoh and Takashi Ohtsuki 18. Polyethylenimine (PEI)/siRNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown In Vitro and In Vivo Sabrina Hoebel and Achim Aigner 19. Transfection of siRNAs in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines Jose L. R. Brito, Nicola Brown, and Gareth J. Morgan Part III: Clinical Implementation 20. A New Approach for Therapeutic Use by RNA Interference in the Brain Yukio Akaneya 21. Inhibitory RNA Molecules in Immunotherapy for Cancer Chih-Ping Mao and T-C Wu 22. Preventing Tissue Injury Using siRNA Zhu-Xu Zhang, Marianne E. Beduhn, Xiufen Zheng, Wei-Ping Min, and Anthony M. Jevnikar 23. Preventing Immune Rejection through Gene Silencing Xusheng Zhang, Mu Li, and Wei-Ping Min 24. Topical Application of siRNA Targeting Cutaneous Dendritic Cells in Allergic Skin Disease Patcharee Ritprajak, Masaaki Hashiguchi, and Miyuki Azuma 25. Direct Application of siRNA for In Vivo Pain Research Philippe Sarret, Louis Dore-Savard, and Nicolas Beaudet 26. A Potential Therapeutic for Pandemic Influenza Using RNA Interference Shaguna Seth, Michael V. Templin, Gregory Severson, and Oleksandr Baturevych 27. Evaluation of Targets for Ovarian Cancer Gene Silencing Therapy: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches Anastasia Malek and Oleg Tchernitsa