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Originally published as The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and also as The Maxims of Ptahhotep, the work is believed by some scholars to be the oldest book in the world. Authorship is attributed to Ptahhotep, a vizier under King Isesi of the Egyptian Fifth Dynasty (ca. 2414-2375 BC). It is a collection of maxims and advice in the sebayt (teaching) genre on human relations and are provided as instruction for his son. The work survives today in papyrus copies, including the Prisse Papyrus which dates from the Middle Kingdom and is on display at the Biblioth que Nationale in Paris. There are considerable differences between the Prisse Papyrus version and the two texts at the British Museum. The 1906 translation by Battiscombe Gunn, published as part of the Wisdom of the East series and which is reprinted here, was made directly from the Prisse Papyrus, in Paris, rather than from copies. Some lessons include: Learning by listening to everybody and knowing that human knowledge is never perfect are a leitmotif. Avoiding open conflict wherever possible should not be considered weakness. Justice should be pursued and in the end it will be a god's command that prevails. Greed is the base of all evil and should be guarded against, while generosity towards family and friends is praiseworthy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51049482158353,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51049485533457,"sku":"NIN9781770830639","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1770830634.jpg?v=1751152913"},{"product_id":"instruction-of-ptah-hotep-and-the-instruction-of-ke-gemni-book-battiscombe-g-gunn-9781161592344","title":"The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'Gemni","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51387404222737,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51387405304081,"sku":"NIN9781161592344","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1161592342.jpg?v=1751206935"},{"product_id":"instruction-of-ptah-hotep-and-the-instruction-of-ke-gemni-book-battiscombe-g-gunn-9781497941151","title":"The Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'gemni","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51388126167313,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51388126494993,"sku":"NIN9781497941151","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1497941156.jpg?v=1751117148"},{"product_id":"instruction-of-ptah-hotep-and-the-instruction-of-ke-gemni-book-battiscombe-g-gunn-9781162572130","title":"Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'Gemni","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51639364157713,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51639364354321,"sku":"NIN9781162572130","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1162572132.jpg?v=1751302850"},{"product_id":"instruction-of-ptah-hotep-and-the-instruction-of-ke-gemni-book-battiscombe-g-gunn-9781095604311","title":"The Instruction Of Ptah-hotep and The Instruction Of Ke'gemni","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTHE INSTRUCTION OF PTAH-HOTEP AND THE INSTRUCTION OF KE'GEMNI: THE OLDEST BOOKS IN THE WORLD \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eTRANSLATED FROM THE EGYPTIAN BY BATTISCOMBE G. GUNN \u003c\/i\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePtahhotep\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/i\u003e(flourished 2400 BCE), vizier of ancient Egypt who attained high repute in wisdom literature. His treatise \u003ci\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Maxims of\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePtah-Hotep\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e, probably the earliest large piece of Egyptian wisdom literature available to modern scholars, was written primarily for young men of influential families who would soon assume one of the higher civil offices. \u003ci\u003ePtahhotep\u003c\/i\u003e's proverbial sayings upheld obedience to a father and a superior as the highest virtue, but they also emphasized humility, faithfulness in performing one's own duties, and the ability to keep silence when necessary. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Maxims of Ptahhotep: \u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not be arrogant because of your knowledge, but confer with the ignorant man as with the learned. For knowledge has no limits, and none has yet achieved perfection in it. Good speech is more hidden than malachite, yet it is found in the possession of women slaves at the millstones. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTruth is great and its effectiveness endures. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFollow your desire as long as you live and do not perform more than is ordered; do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit... When riches are gained, follow desire, for riches will not profit if one is sluggish. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBeware an act of avarice; it is bad and incurable disease. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIf you are well-to-do and can maintain your household, love your wife in your home according to good custom...Make her happy while you are alive, for she is land profitable to her lord. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not repeat slander; you should not hear it, for it is the result of hot temper. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne who is serious all day will never have a good time, while one who is frivolous all day will never establish a household. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo resist him that is set in authority is evil. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBe cheerful while you are alive. \u003cbr\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBe a craftsman in speech that thou may be strong, for the strength of one is the tongue, and speech is mightier than all fighting.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51884329992465,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":51884330025233,"sku":"GOR014444801","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781095604311.jpg?v=1754540406"},{"product_id":"instruction-of-ptah-hotep-and-the-instruction-of-ke-gemni-book-battiscombe-g-gunn-9781169225091","title":"Instruction of Ptah-Hotep and the Instruction of Ke'gemni","description":"This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. 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