{"title":"James D Tracy","description":"\u003cp\u003eDelve into the works of James D. Tracy, exploring themes of history, society, and the evolving human condition. These books offer insightful perspectives, perfect for readers seeking intellectual stimulation and a deeper understanding of our world.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"political-economy-of-merchant-empires-book-james-d-tracy-9780521574648","title":"The Political Economy of Merchant Empires","description":"The Political Economy of Merchant Empires focuses on why European concerns eventually achieved dominance in global trade in the period between 1450 and 1750, at the expense, especially in Asia, of well-organised and well-financed rivals. 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In recent decades, Reformation scholars have dismantled brick by brick the idea that the middle ages came to an abrupt end in 1517, with Martin Luther's 95 theses. Distinguished historian James D. Tracy is the first scholar to synthesise effectively this new understanding of the profound continuities between medieval Catholic Europe and the multi-confessional 16th and 17th centuries. Tracy illustrates how Reformation-era religious conflicts tilted the balance in church-state relations in favour of the latter, so that the secular power was able to dictate the doctrinal loyalty of its subjects. religious reform, Catholic as well as Protestant, reinforced the bonds of community, while creating new divisions within towns, villages, neighbourhoods, and families. In some areas these tensions were resolved by allowing citizens to profess loyalty both to their separate religious communities and to an over-arching body-politic. This kind of society, a product of the Reformation, though not willed by the reformers, was the historical foundation of modern pluralism. Written in an accessible prose, this book should be of interest to anyone in the origins, events, and legacy of the early modern period.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49571259941137,"sku":"GOR006772280","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49953057636625,"sku":"CIN0847688356VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50370330493201,"sku":"CIN0847688356G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0847688356.jpg?v=1750746440"},{"product_id":"europe-s-reformations-14501650-book-james-d-tracy-9780742537897","title":"Europe's Reformations, 14501650","description":"In this widely praised history, noted scholar James D. Tracy offers a comprehensive, lucid, and masterful exploration of early modern Europe's key turning point. Establishing a new standard for histories of the Reformation, Tracy explores the complex religious, political, and social processes that made change possible, even as he synthesizes new understandings of the profound continuities between medieval Catholic Europe and the multi-confessional sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. This revised edition includes new material on Eastern Europe, on how ordinary people experienced religious change, and on the pluralistic societies that began to emerge. Reformation scholars have in recent decades dismantled brick by brick the idea that the Middle Ages came to an abrupt end in 1517. Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses fitted into an ongoing debate about how Christians might better understand the Gospel and live its teachings more faithfully. Tracy shows how Reformation-era religious conflicts tilted the balance in church-state relations in favor of the latter, so that the secular power was able to dictate the doctrinal loyalty of its subjects. Religious reform, Catholic as well as Protestant, reinforced the bonds of community, while creating new divisions within towns, villages, neighborhoods, and families. In some areas these tensions were resolved by allowing citizens to profess loyalty both to their separate religious communities and to an overarching body-politic. This compromise, a product of the Reformations, though not willed by the reformers, was the historical foundation of modern, pluralistic society. Richly illustrated and elegantly written, this book belongs in the library of all scholars, students, and general readers interested in the origins, events, and legacy of Europe's Reformation.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49582316814609,"sku":"GOR008356894","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50063769895185,"sku":"CIN0742537897G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51727880585489,"sku":"CIN0742537897VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52450987737361,"sku":"NLS9780742537897","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53013963079953,"sku":"NIN9780742537897","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0742537897.jpg?v=1753687632"},{"product_id":"rise-of-merchant-empires-book-james-d-tracy-9780521457354","title":"The Rise of Merchant Empires","description":"European dominance of the shipping lanes in the early modern period was a prelude to the great age of European imperial power in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 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Yet, his critical scholarship, though beholden to no one, was not dispassionate. This book shows how Erasmus the scholar sought through his writings to promote the moral and religious renewal of Christian society. The author finds the genesis of the humanist's notion of a Christian republic of pious and learned individuals in his Burgundian, or Low Countries, roots. Erasmus's vision of reform, he argues sprang from a humanist tradition focusing on the importance of teaching (doctrina), a tradition from which Erasmus departed in his optimism about human nature and his deep suspicion of the powers that be. Amid the storms of Reformation controversy, Erasmus pruned back the dissimulation by which he had thought to convey different meanings to different readers, yet, in the end, he could not control the way his words were read. If Erasmus's scholarly ideal carries an enduring fascination, so too does his dilemma as a man of circumspection who would also be a reformer. James D.  Tracy is the author of Holland Under Habsburg Rule and Financial Revolution in the Habsburg Netherlands.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50055793967377,"sku":"GOR013848280","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0520087453.jpg?v=1751103937"},{"product_id":"emperor-charles-v-impresario-of-war-book-james-d-tracy-9780521147668","title":"Emperor Charles V, Impresario of War","description":"This book examines the three dimensions of European warfare, based on the campaigns of Emperor Charles V (1500-1558). Charles's role as commander-in-chief is evaluated by measuring his strategic aims. The process by which bankers took control of the finances of the Habsburg lands becomes clear from an examination of the source of the money to pay for Charles's campaigns. 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Thirteen essays, grouped in themes affording parallel views of England and Europe, Tsarist Russia, and Ming China, show a spectrum of possibilities for what early modern governments tried to achieve by regulating religious life, and for how religious communities evolved in new directions, either in keeping with or in spite of official injunctions.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51208343224593,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51208346206481,"sku":"NIN9780521172653","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52429143998737,"sku":"NLS9780521172653","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0521172659.jpg?v=1750846227"},{"product_id":"city-walls-book-james-d-tracy-9780521124157","title":"City Walls","description":"The essays presented in this volume, first published in 2000, describe a phenomenon so widespread in human time and space that its importance is easily overlooked. City walls shaped the history of warfare; the mobilisation of manpower and resources needed to build them favoured some kinds of polities over others; and their massive strength, appropriately ornamented, created a visual language of authority. Previous collective volumes on the subject have dealt mainly with Europe, but the historians and art historians who collaborate here follow a comparative agenda. The millennial practice of wall building that branched out from the ancient Near East into India, Europe, and North Africa shows continuities and points of contact of which the makers of urban fortifications were scarcely aware; separate traditions in China, sub-Saharan Africa, and North America illustrate universal themes of defensive strategy and the symbolism of power, each time embedded in a distinctive local context.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51505530863889,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51505531191569,"sku":"NGR9780521124157","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52450224537873,"sku":"CIN0521124158G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52533283193105,"sku":"NLS9780521124157","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0521124158.jpg?v=1750815550"},{"product_id":"emperor-charles-v-impresario-of-war-book-james-d-tracy-9780521814317","title":"Emperor Charles V, Impresario of War","description":"This book examines the three dimensions of European warfare, based on the campaigns of Emperor Charles V (1500-1558). Charles's role as commander-in-chief is evaluated by measuring his strategic aims. The process by which bankers took control of the finances of the Habsburg lands becomes clear from an examination of the source of the money to pay for Charles's campaigns. Finally, a comparison of the realms that provided most of Charles's revenues shows how some parliamentary bodies successfully pursued long-term local interests by exploiting the dynasty's need for money.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52135322255633,"sku":"NLS9780521814317","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780521814317.jpg?v=1757548443"},{"product_id":"balkan-wars-book-james-d-tracy-9781442213586","title":"Balkan Wars","description":"Distinguished scholar James D. 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More broadly, it brings out how the Ottomans and their European rivals conducted their wars in fundamentally different ways. A sultan's commands were not negotiable, and Ottoman generals were held to a time-tested strategy for conquest. Habsburg sovereigns had to bargain with their elites, and it took elaborate processes of consultation to rally provincial estates behind common goals. 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In recent decades, Reformation scholars have dismantled brick by brick the idea that the Middle Ages came to an abrupt end in 1517, with Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses. Prominent historian James D. Tracy is the first scholar to effectively synthesize this new understanding of the profound continuities between medieval Catholic Europe and the multiconfessional sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.  Tracy illustrates how Reformation-era religious conflicts tilted the balance in church-state relations in favor of the latter, so that the secular power was able to dictate the doctrinal loyalty of its subjects. Religious reform, Catholic as well as Protestant, reinforced the bonds of community, while creating new divisions within towns, villages, neighborhoods, and families. In some areas these tensions were resolved by allowing citizens to profess loyalty both to their separate religious communities and to an overarching body-politic. This kind of society, a product of the Reformations, though not willed by the reformers, was the historical foundation of modern pluralism. Written in an engaging and accessible prose, this book belongs in the library of all scholars, students, and general readers interested in the origins, events, and legacy of the early modern period.  Visit our website for sample chapters!","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53141039743249,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53141040103697,"sku":"CIN0847688348G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780847688340.jpg?v=1771521457"},{"product_id":"rise-of-merchant-empires-book-james-d-tracy-9780521382106","title":"The Rise of Merchant Empires","description":"European dominance of the shipping lanes in the early modern period was a prelude to the great age of European imperial power in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Yet in the present age we can see that the pre-imperial age was in fact more an 'age of partnership' or an 'age of competition' when the West and Asia vied on even terms. 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James Tracy shows how Erasmus the scholar sought through his writings to promote the moral and religious renewal of Christian society.   Tracy finds the genesis of the humanist's notion of a \"Christian republic\" of pious and learned individuals in his \"Burgundian,\" or Low Countries, roots. Erasmus's vision of reform, Tracy argues, sprung from a humanist tradition focusing on the importance of teaching (doctrina), a tradition from which Erasmus departed in his optimism about human nature and his deep suspicion of the powers that be. Amid the storms of Reformation controversy, he pruned back the \"dissimulation\" by which he had thought to convey different meanings to different readers, yet in the end he could not control the way his words were read. If Erasmus's scholarly ideal carries an enduring fascination, so too does his dilemma as a man of circumspection who would also be a reformer.   This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. 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The study further traces the subsequent history of long-term debt in the Dutch Republic, linking these early developments to the financial revolution in England, which would follow in the late 17th century.   This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. 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Erasmus's vision of reform, Tracy argues, sprung from a humanist tradition focusing on the importance of teaching (doctrina), a tradition from which Erasmus departed in his optimism about human nature and his deep suspicion of the powers that be. Amid the storms of Reformation controversy, he pruned back the \"dissimulation\" by which he had thought to convey different meanings to different readers, yet in the end he could not control the way his words were read. If Erasmus's scholarly ideal carries an enduring fascination, so too does his dilemma as a man of circumspection who would also be a reformer.   This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. 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These financial instruments, which became central to state borrowing, were initially issued by the provincial parliaments and funded by taxes such as the annual bede (subsidy). The study outlines how, during the 1540s, the government was able to induce provincial parliaments to create new taxes and annuities, sparking the development of a voluntary market for state annuities in Holland.   Through a detailed examination of fiscal records and market practices, the book highlights how these innovations reshaped the financial landscape of the region. It explores how Holland, despite being smaller and less populous than other provinces like Flanders, became a leader in adopting long-term public debt instruments. In the 1550s, ordinary citizens willingly invested unprecedented sums in state annuities, marking a significant shift in public finance. The study further traces the subsequent history of long-term debt in the Dutch Republic, linking these early developments to the financial revolution in England, which would follow in the late 17th century.   This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1985.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53497951748369,"sku":"NLS9780520367258","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780520367258.jpg?v=1777935967"},{"product_id":"holland-under-habsburg-rule-1506-1566-book-james-d-tracy-9780520304031","title":"Holland Under Habsburg Rule, 1506-1566","description":"Under what conditions were limited forms of self-government possible in medieval and early modern Europe? While many historians have sought an answer by investigating the development of parliamentary institutions in emerging national monarchies and the wider autonomy enjoyed by various city-states within their own borders, James D. Tracy concentrates instead on a relatively neglected phenomenon at an intermediate level of political organization—the self-governing province. Focusing on the province of Holland during the reigns of Charles V and Philip II (1506–1566), Tracy argues convincingly that Holland effectively underwent an apprenticeship in self-government.     The seven provinces of the Dutch Republic—among which Holland was the richest and most populous—were the first in history to govern themselves by a consensus among their towns and nobles. The foundations for this internal cohesion were put in place long before the Dutch Revolt; first by medieval provincial dynasties, then by the dukes of Burgundy, and finally by the House of Habsburg. At the turn of the sixteenth century, Holland was urbanized to a surprising degree, with over forty percent of its population residing in some thirty small and mid-sized towns. Forced by external threats to rise above their economic rivalries, the towns joined together through the forum of the provincial parliament, or States of Holland, which came to assume a primary role in the management of public finances.     While noting that the growing autonomy of Holland did not make the Dutch Revolt inevitable, Tracy points out that the revolt could hardly have succeeded without provinces that already had a tradition of managing their own affairs. In the broader context of European political institutions, the circumstances that permitted the provincial states to assume many of the functions of government illustrate not only the capacity for self-government but also the formation of genuine body politics.     This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1990.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53521359110417,"sku":"NLS9780520304031","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780520304031.jpg?v=1778452439"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/en-au\/collections\/author-books-by-james-d-tracy.oembed","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}