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Its emphasis is on the causes, mechanisms, and patterns of cultural evolution, which the authors explain in terms of a coherent theory of political economy—defined as the mobilization and exchange of goods and services between families. The authors show that the interconnected processes of technological change and population growth are the motor of social change, resulting in three related processes—intensification, integration, and stratification—that transform human societies over time. The validity of their theory rests on evidence drawn from 19 case studies that range widely over time and space.   For this new edition, the authors have thoroughly rewritten the theoretical argument for greater clarity, updated the case materials to incorporate new research, and added a new chapter that applies their theoretical perspective to the problems of change since the industrial revolution and the globalization of trade and political influence.   Reviews of the First Edition   \"In a book full of perceptive observations and persuasive arguments . . . Johnson and Earle show in masterly detail how societies articulate to their environments and . . . how they evolve.\"   —Ethnohistory   \"A major contribution. . . . The book is a marvelous synthesis of ethnographic and historical data.\"   —American Journal of Sociology   \"A large amount of research and thought has produced sensible and illuminating specific analyses of the mechanisms of evolutionary change. Another plus is that the writing is clear and the argument is neatly conceived.\"   —American Anthropologist","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50173164781841,"sku":"CIN0804740321G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50615898145041,"sku":"GOR006183096","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":52965233688849,"sku":"CIN0804740321A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53143863165201,"sku":"NIN9780804740326","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804740321.jpg?v=1757415258"},{"product_id":"bronze-age-economics-book-timothy-earle-9780813338774","title":"Bronze Age Economics","description":"\"Timothy Earle has set out to offer the most comprehensive view now available of the economic foundations of early societies, and it may well be that he has succeeded. Bronze Age Economics is a pioneering contribution to archaeological theory.\" —Colin Renfrew, University of Cambridge","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50406591824145,"sku":"CIN0813338778VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52150337634577,"sku":"NLS9780813338774","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0813338778.jpg?v=1750947074"},{"product_id":"organizing-bronze-age-societies-book-timothy-earle-9780521764667","title":"Organizing Bronze Age Societies","description":"The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organisation of landscapes, settlements, and economy reached a new level of complexity. This book presents the first in-depth, comparative study of household economy and settlement in three micro-regions: the Mediterranean (Sicily), Central Europe (Hungary), and Northern Europe (South Scandinavia). The results are based on ten years of fieldwork in a similar method of documentation, and scientific analyses were used in each of the regional studies, making controlled comparisons possible. The new evidence demonstrates how differences in settlement organisation and household economies were counterbalanced by similarities in the organised use of the landscape in an economy dominated by the herding of large flocks of sheep and cattle. This book's innovative theoretical and methodological approaches will be of relevance to all researchers of landscape and settlement history.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51003212169489,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51003215577361,"sku":"NIN9780521764667","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52475234648337,"sku":"NLS9780521764667","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0521764661.jpg?v=1751166414"},{"product_id":"organizing-bronze-age-societies-book-timothy-earle-9780521748353","title":"Organizing Bronze Age Societies","description":"The Bronze Age was a formative period in European history when the organisation of landscapes, settlements, and economy reached a new level of complexity. 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Why do states with extreme inequality develop quickly in some circumstance, while in others egalitarian societies continue for thousands of years? The search for primary drivers like population density, warfare, trade, irrigation, or information have proven largely inadequate. This essay argues that economic relations and their potential for control of surplus mobilization explain alternative evolutionary trajectories in human societies.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52323559604497,"sku":"NGR9783774941151","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52595480756497,"sku":"NLS9783774941151","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783774941151.jpg?v=1757977447"},{"product_id":"bronze-age-economics-book-timothy-earle-9780367314712","title":"Bronze Age Economics","description":"This integrated collection of new and newly revised essays by archaeologist Timothy Earle represents both a personal journey and a growing synthesis of how political economies emerged in human societies. Drawing in detail on the cases of chiefdoms in Hawaii, the Andes, and Denmark, Bronze Age Economics documents how intensification of econ","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52520980873489,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52520981561617,"sku":"NLS9780367314712","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780367314712.jpg?v=1760567383"},{"product_id":"primer-on-chiefs-and-chiefdoms-book-timothy-earle-9781734281835","title":"A Primer on Chiefs and Chiefdoms","description":"Anthropological archaeology is well suited to pursue the study of chiefs, their leadership institutions (chiefdoms), and long-term historical processes. In this book Timothy Earle argues that studying chiefdoms is essential to understanding the role of elemental powers in social evolution. He studies chiefs and their power strategies, using as illustrations historically independent prehistoric and traditional societies; he discusses how chiefs continue to exist as powerful actors within modern states.    Chiefs are political operatives who hold titles of leadership over groups larger than intimate kin-based communities; although they rule with the consent of their group, they are all about building personal power and respect. Many scholars have viewed chiefs as problem solvers: defending groups against aggressors, resolving disputes, providing support under hardship, organizing labour for community projects, and redistributing goods among those in need. 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