{"title":"National Bureau Of Economic Research Conference Report","description":"\u003cp\u003eDive into the insightful world of economics with the National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Reports. Explore cutting-edge research and analysis shaping our understanding of global economies.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"studies-in-labor-markets-book-sherwin-rosen-9780226726281","title":"Studies in Labor Markets","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49636612538641,"sku":"GOR012681917","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226726282.jpg?v=1750779677"},{"product_id":"impact-of-international-trade-on-wages-book-robert-c-feenstra-9780226239637","title":"The Impact of International Trade on Wages","description":"Since the early 1980s, the US economy has experienced a growing wage differential: high-skilled workers have claimed an increasing share of available income, while low-skilled workers have seen an absolute decline in real wages. How and why this disparity has arisen is a matter of ongoing debate among policymakers and economists. Two competing theories have emerged to explain this phenomenon, one focusing on international trade and labour market globalization as the driving force behind the devaluation of low-skill jobs, and the other focusing on the role of technological change as a catalyst for the escalation of high-skill wages. This collection brings together innovative new ideas and data sources in order to provide more satisfying alternatives to the trade versus technology debate and to assess directly the specific impact of international trade on US wages. This volume offers a thorough appraisal of the wage distribution predicament, examining the continued effects of technology and globalization on the labour market.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49646760034577,"sku":"GOR012448057","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52745003270417,"sku":"NGR9780226239637","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226239632.jpg?v=1751324151"},{"product_id":"learning-by-doing-in-markets-firms-and-countries-book-naomi-r-lamoreaux-9780226468341","title":"Learning by Doing in Markets, Firms, and Countries","description":"Drawing out the underlying economics in business history, this text focuses on learning processes and the development of competitively valuable asymmetries. The essays show that organizations, like people, learn that this process can be organized more or less effectively, which can have major implications for how competition works. The first three essays in this volume explore techniques firms have used to both manage information to create valuable asymmetries and to otherwise suppress unwelcome competition. The next three focus on the ways in which firms have built special capabilities over time, capabilities that have been both sources of competitive advantage and resistance to new opportunities. The last two extend the notion of learning from the level of firms to that of nations. The collection as a whole builds on the previous two volumes to make the connection between information structure and product market outcomes in business history.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49685325512977,"sku":"GOR013770371","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51701841395985,"sku":"NGR9780226468341","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53102626046225,"sku":"CIN0226468348G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226468348.jpg?v=1750738098"},{"product_id":"agricultural-productivity-and-producer-behavior-book-wolfram-schlenker-9780226619804","title":"Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior","description":"Agricultural yields have increased steadily in the last half century, particularly since the Green Revolution. At the same time, inflation-adjusted agricultural commodity prices have been trending downward as increases in supply outpace the growth of demand. Recent severe weather events, biofuel mandates, and a switch toward a more meat-heavy diet in emerging economies have nevertheless boosted commodity prices. Whether this is a temporary jump or the beginning of a longer-term trend is an open question. Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior examines the factors contributing to the remarkably steady increase in global yields and assesses whether yield growth can continue. This research also considers whether agricultural productivity growth has been, and will be, associated with significant environmental externalities. Among the topics studied are genetically modified crops; changing climatic factors; farm production responses to government regulations including crop insurance, transport subsidies, and electricity subsidies for groundwater extraction; and the role of specific farm practices such as crop diversification, disease management, and water-saving methods. This research provides new evidence that technological as well as policy choices influence agricultural productivity.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730183889169,"sku":"NGR9780226619804","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022661980X.jpg?v=1751070285"},{"product_id":"productivity-in-higher-education-book-caroline-m-hoxby-9780226574585","title":"Productivity in Higher Education","description":"How do the benefits of higher education compare with its costs, and how does this comparison vary across individuals and institutions? These questions are fundamental to quantifying the productivity of the education sector. The studies in Productivity in Higher Education use rich and novel administrative data, modern econometric methods, and careful institutional analysis to explore productivity issues. The authors examine the returns to undergraduate education, differences in costs by major, the productivity of for-profit schools, the productivity of various types of faculty and of outcomes, the effects of online education on the higher education market, and the ways in which the productivity of different institutions responds to market forces. The analyses recognize five key challenges to assessing productivity in higher education: the potential for multiple student outcomes in terms of skills, earnings, invention, and employment; the fact that colleges and universities are “multiproduct” firms that conduct varied activities across many domains; the fact that students select which school to attend based in part on their aptitude; the difficulty of attributing outcomes to individual institutions when students attend more than one; and the possibility that some of the benefits of higher education may arise from the system as a whole rather than from a single institution. The findings and the approaches illustrated can facilitate decision-making processes in higher education.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730213150993,"sku":"NGR9780226574585","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":50345986195729,"sku":"CIN022657458XA","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346881220881,"sku":"CIN022657458XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022657458X.jpg?v=1750843659"},{"product_id":"how-the-financial-crisis-and-great-recession-affected-higher-education-book-jeffrey-r-brown-9780226201832","title":"How the Financial Crisis and Great Recession Affected Higher Education","description":"The recent financial crisis had a profound effect on both public and private universities, which faced shrinking endowments, declining charitable contributions, and reductions in government support. Universities responded to these stresses in different ways. This volume presents new evidence on the nature of these responses and how the incentives and constraints facing different institutions affected their behavior. The contributors look at the role of endowments in university finances and the interaction of spending policies, asset allocation strategies, and investment opportunities to show how universities' behavior can be modeled using economic principles.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730256732433,"sku":"NGR9780226201832","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022620183X.jpg?v=1751324146"},{"product_id":"economics-of-artificial-intelligence-book-ajay-agrawal-9780226613338","title":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","description":"Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) highlight the potential of this technology to affect productivity, growth, inequality, market power, innovation, and employment. This volume seeks to set the agenda for economic research on the impact of AI. It covers four broad themes: AI as a general purpose technology; the relationships between AI, growth, jobs, and inequality; regulatory responses to changes brought on by AI; and the effects of AI on the way economic research is conducted. It explores the economic influence of machine learning, the branch of computational statistics that has driven much of the recent excitement around AI, as well as the economic impact of robotics and automation and the potential economic consequences of a still-hypothetical artificial general intelligence. The volume provides frameworks for understanding the economic impact of AI and identifies a number of open research questions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Contributors:\u003cbr\u003e Daron Acemoglu, Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u003cbr\u003e Philippe Aghion, Collège de France\u003cbr\u003e Ajay Agrawal, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Susan Athey, Stanford University\u003cbr\u003e James Bessen, Boston University School of Law\u003cbr\u003e Erik Brynjolfsson, MIT Sloan School of Management\u003cbr\u003e Colin F. Camerer, California Institute of Technology\u003cbr\u003e Judith Chevalier, Yale School of Management\u003cbr\u003e Iain M. Cockburn, Boston University\u003cbr\u003e Tyler Cowen, George Mason University\u003cbr\u003e Jason Furman, Harvard Kennedy School\u003cbr\u003e Patrick Francois, University of British Columbia \u003cbr\u003e Alberto Galasso, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Joshua Gans, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Avi Goldfarb, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Austan Goolsbee, University of Chicago Booth School of Business\u003cbr\u003e Rebecca Henderson, Harvard Business School\u003cbr\u003e Ginger Zhe Jin, University of Maryland\u003cbr\u003e Benjamin F. Jones, Northwestern University\u003cbr\u003e Charles I. Jones, Stanford University\u003cbr\u003e Daniel Kahneman, Princeton University\u003cbr\u003e Anton Korinek, Johns Hopkins University\u003cbr\u003e Mara Lederman, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Hong Luo, Harvard Business School\u003cbr\u003e John McHale, National University of Ireland\u003cbr\u003e Paul R. Milgrom, Stanford University\u003cbr\u003e Matthew Mitchell, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Alexander Oettl, Georgia Institute of Technology\u003cbr\u003e Andrea Prat, Columbia Business School\u003cbr\u003e Manav Raj, New York University\u003cbr\u003e Pascual Restrepo, Boston University\u003cbr\u003e Daniel Rock, MIT Sloan School of Management\u003cbr\u003e Jeffrey D. Sachs, Columbia University\u003cbr\u003e Robert Seamans, New York University\u003cbr\u003e Scott Stern, MIT Sloan School of Management\u003cbr\u003e Betsey Stevenson, University of Michigan\u003cbr\u003e Joseph E. Stiglitz. Columbia University\u003cbr\u003e Chad Syverson, University of Chicago Booth School of Business\u003cbr\u003e Matt Taddy, University of Chicago Booth School of Business\u003cbr\u003e Steven Tadelis, University of California, Berkeley\u003cbr\u003e Manuel Trajtenberg, Tel Aviv University\u003cbr\u003e Daniel Trefler, University of Toronto\u003cbr\u003e Catherine Tucker, MIT Sloan School of Management\u003cbr\u003e Hal Varian, University of California, Berkeley","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49730462613777,"sku":"NGR9780226613338","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022661333X.jpg?v=1751440285"},{"product_id":"role-of-innovation-and-entrepreneurship-in-economic-growth-book-michael-j-andrews-9780226810782","title":"The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth","description":"This volume presents studies from experts in twelve industries, providing insights into the future role of innovation and entrepreneurship in driving economic growth across sectors.   We live in an era in which innovation and entrepreneurship seem ubiquitous, particularly in regions like Silicon Valley, Boston, and the Research Triangle Park. But many metrics of economic growth, such as productivity growth and business dynamism, have been at best modest in recent years. The resolution of this apparent paradox is dramatic heterogeneity across sectors, with some industries seeing robust innovation and entrepreneurship and others seeing stagnation. By construction, the impact of innovation and entrepreneurship on overall economic performance is the cumulative impact of their effects on individual sectors. Understanding the potential for growth in the aggregate economy depends, therefore, on understanding the sector-by-sector potential for growth. This insight motivates the twelve studies of different sectors that are presented in this volume. Each study identifies specific productivity improvements enabled by innovation and entrepreneurship, for example as a result of new production technologies, increased competition, or new organizational forms. These twelve studies, along with three synthetic chapters, provide new insights on the sectoral patterns and concentration of the contributions of innovation and entrepreneurship to economic growth.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49742344126737,"sku":"NGR9780226810782","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022681078X.jpg?v=1751133327"},{"product_id":"risks-in-agricultural-supply-chains-book-pol-antrs-9780226829227","title":"Risks in Agricultural Supply Chains","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn essential guide to the role of microeconomic incentives, macro policies, and technological change in enhancing agriculture resilience.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Climate change and the recent COVID-19 pandemic have exposed the vulnerability of global agricultural supply and value chains. There is a growing awareness of the importance of interactions within and between these supply chains for understanding the performance of agricultural markets. This book presents a collection of research studies that develop conceptual models and empirical analyses of risk resilience and vulnerability in supply chains. The chapters emphasize the roles played by microeconomic incentives, macroeconomic policies, and technological change in contributing to supply chain performance. The studies range widely, considering for example how agent-based modeling and remote sensing data can be used to assess the impact of shocks, and how recent shocks such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the African Swine fever in China affected agricultural labor markets, the supply chain for meat products, and the food retailing sector. A recurring theme is the transformation of agricultural supply chains and the volatility of food systems in response to microeconomic shocks. The chapters not only present new findings but also point to important directions for future research. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49747757728017,"sku":"NGR9780226829227","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226829227.jpg?v=1750694157"},{"product_id":"economics-of-artificial-intelligence-book-ajay-agrawal-9780226833118","title":"The Economics of Artificial Intelligence","description":"A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system.   In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI.   The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49753571459345,"sku":"NGR9780226833118","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226833119.jpg?v=1751357066"},{"product_id":"governance-of-not-for-profit-organizations-book-edward-glaeser-9780226297859","title":"The Governance of Not-for-Profit Organizations","description":"Not-for-profit organizations play a critical role in the American economy. We know such firms don't try to maximize profits, but what do they maximize? Dealing with this question, this book looks at many aspects of not-for-profit operations, from the problems of fundraising, endowments, and governance to issues, such as hospital advertising.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50123491442961,"sku":"GOR013863589","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226297853.jpg?v=1776160811"},{"product_id":"challenges-to-globalization-book-robert-e-baldwin-9780226036151","title":"Challenges to Globalization","description":"Evaluates the arguments of pro-globalists and anti-globalists regarding issues such as globalization's relationship to democracy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50131113246993,"sku":"GOR013865593","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226036154.jpg?v=1750877202"},{"product_id":"shared-capitalism-at-work-book-douglas-l-kruse-9780226056951","title":"Shared Capitalism at Work","description":"Focuses on such areas as: the fraction of firms that participate in shared capitalism programs in the United States and abroad, the factors that enable these firms to overcome classic free rider and risk problems, the effect of shared capitalism on firm performance, and the impact of shared capitalism on worker well-being.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50135867785489,"sku":"CIN0226056953VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346787438865,"sku":"CIN0226056953G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226056953.jpg?v=1751227604"},{"product_id":"mexican-immigration-to-the-united-states-book-george-j-borjas-9780226066325","title":"Mexican Immigration to the United States","description":"From debates on Capitol Hill to the popular media, Mexican immigrants are the subject of widespread controversy. This volume provides a historical context for Mexican immigration to the United States and reports findings on an immigrant influx. It is intended for those concerned about social conditions and economic opportunities in both countries.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50192686711057,"sku":"CIN0226066320G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50555162001681,"sku":"GOR013992147","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51481474793745,"sku":"CIN0226066320VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226066320.jpg?v=1750779505"},{"product_id":"rate-and-direction-of-inventive-activity-revisited-book-josh-lerner-9780226473031","title":"The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited","description":"While the importance of innovation to economic development is widely understood, the conditions conducive to it remain the focus of much attention. This volume offers new contributions to fundamental questions relating to the economics of innovation and technological change. Central to the development of new technologies are institutional environments, and among the topics discussed are the roles played by universities and other nonprofit research institutions and the ways in which the allocation of funds between the public and private sectors affects innovation. Other essays examine the practice of open research and how the diffusion of information technology influences knowledge accumulation.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50203107164433,"sku":"CIN0226473031VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53644928745745,"sku":"CIN0226473031G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226473031.jpg?v=1751356962"},{"product_id":"college-choices-book-caroline-m-hoxby-9780226355351","title":"College Choices","description":"Aspiring college students and their families have many options. A student can attend an in-state or an out-of-state school, a public or private college, a two-year community college program or a four-year university program.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50293114568977,"sku":"CIN0226355357G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226450295_bbb7a811-3382-4b07-9d39-69d3a4dab03a.jpg?v=1750843596"},{"product_id":"macroeconomics-of-populism-in-latin-america-book-rudiger-dornbusch-9780226158440","title":"The Macroeconomics of Populism in Latin America","description":"Again and again, Latin America has seen the populist scenario played to an unfortunate end. Upon gaining power, populist governments attempt to revive the economy through massive spending. After an initial recovery, inflation reemerges and the government responds with wage an price controls. Shortages, overvaluation, burgeoning deficits, and capital flight soon precipitate economic crisis, with a subsequent collapse of the populist regime. The lessons of this experience are especially valuable for countries in Eastern Europe, as they face major political and economic decisions.   Economists and political scientists from the United States and Latin America detail in this volume how and why such programs go wrong and what leads policymakers to repeatedly adopt these policies despite a history of failure. Authors examine this pattern in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Peru—and show how Colombia managed to avoid it. Despite differences in how each country implemented its policies, the macroeconomic consequences were remarkably similar.   Scholars of Latin America will find this work a valuable resource, offering a distinctive macroeconomic perspective on the continuing controversy over the dynamics of populism.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50295883497745,"sku":"GOR010446456","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226158446.jpg?v=1750909056"},{"product_id":"accelerating-energy-innovation-book-rebecca-m-henderson-9780226326832","title":"Accelerating Energy Innovation","description":"Accelerating energy innovation could be an important part of an effective response to the threat of climate change. Written by a stellar group of experts in the field, this book complements existing research on the subject with an exploration of the role that public and private policy have played in enabling - and sustaining - swift innovation in a variety of industries, from agriculture and the life sciences to information technology. Chapters highlight the factors that have determined the impact of past policies and suggest that effectively managed federal funding, strategies to increase customer demand, and the enabling of aggressive competition from new firms are important ingredients for policies that affect innovative activity.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50345970237713,"sku":"CIN0226326837G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226326837.jpg?v=1750738074"},{"product_id":"risk-of-economic-crisis-book-martin-feldstein-9780226240916","title":"The Risk of Economic Crisis","description":"The stunning collapse of the thrift industry, the major stock slump of 1987, rising corporate debt, wild fluctuations of currency exchange rates, and a rash of defaults on developing country debts have revived fading memories of the Great Depression and fueled fears of an impending economic crisis. Under what conditions are financial markets vulnerable to disruption and what economic consequences ensue when these markets break down?   In this accessible and thought-provoking volume, Benjamin M. Friedman investigates the origins of financial crisis in domestic capital markets, Paul Krugman examines the international origins and transmission of financial and economic crises, and Lawrence H. Summers explores the transition from financial crisis to economic collapse. In the introductory essay, Martin Feldstein reviews the major financial problems of the 1980s and discusses lessons to be learned from this experience. The book also contains provocative observations by senior academics and others who have played leading roles in business and government.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50345973448977,"sku":"CIN0226240916G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226240916.jpg?v=1754475712"},{"product_id":"economic-adjustment-and-exchange-rates-in-developing-countries-book-sebastian-edwards-9780226184692","title":"Economic Adjustment and Exchange Rates in Developing Countries","description":"In spite of the attention paid exchange rates in recent economic debates on developing countries, relatively few studies have systematically analyzed in detail the various ramifications of exchange rate policy in these countries. In this new volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research, leading economists use rigorous models to tackle various exchange rate issues, while also illuminating policy implications that emerge from their analyses. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe volume, divided into four main sections, addresses: the role of exchange rates in stabilization programs and the adjustment process; the importance of exchange rate policy during liberalization reform in developing countries; exchange rate problems relevant and unique to developing countries, illustrated by case studies; and the problems defining, measuring, and identifying determinants of real exchange rates. Authors of individual papers examine the relation between commercial policies and exchange rates, the role of exchange rate policy in stabilization programs, the effectiveness of devaluations as a policy tool, and the interaction between exchange rate terms of trade an capital flow. This research will not only prove crucial to our understanding of the role of exchange rates in developing countries, but will clearly set the standard for future work in the field.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50345978495249,"sku":"CIN0226184692VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226184692.jpg?v=1753785713"},{"product_id":"u-s-engineering-in-a-global-economy-book-richard-b-freeman-9780226468334","title":"U.S. Engineering in a Global Economy","description":"Since the late 1950s, the engineering job market in the United States has been fraught with fears of a shortage of engineering skill and talent.\u003ci\u003e U.S. Engineering in a Global Economy\u003c\/i\u003e brings clarity to issues of supply and demand in this important market. Following a general overview of engineering-labor market trends, the volume examines the educational pathways of undergraduate engineers and their entry into the labor market, the impact of engineers working in firms on productivity and innovation, and different dimensions of the changing engineering labor market, from licensing to changes in demand and guest worker programs.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The volume provides insights on engineering education, practice, and careers that can inform educational institutions, funding agencies, and policy makers about the challenges facing the United States in developing its engineering workforce in the global economy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346003464465,"sku":"CIN022646833XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022646833X.jpg?v=1751290767"},{"product_id":"innovation-and-public-policy-book-austan-goolsbee-9780226805450","title":"Innovation and Public Policy","description":"Using the latest empirical and conceptual research for readers in economics, business, and policy, this volume surveys the key components of innovation policy and the social returns to innovation investment.    In advanced economies like the United States, innovation has long been recognized as a central force for increasing economic prosperity and human welfare. Today, the US government promotes innovation through various mechanisms, including tax credits for private-sector research, grant support for basic and applied research, and institutions like the Small Business Innovation Research Program of the National Science Foundation. Drawing on the latest empirical and conceptual research, Innovation and Public Policy surveys the key components of innovation policy and the social returns to innovation investment. It examines mechanisms that can advance the pace of invention and innovative activity, including expanding the research workforce through schooling and immigration policy and funding basic research. It also considers scientific grant systems for funding basic research, including those at institutions like the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation, and investigates the role of entrepreneurship policy and of other institutions that promote an environment conducive to scientific breakthroughs.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346024403217,"sku":"CIN022680545XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51747261710609,"sku":"CIN022680545XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022680545X.jpg?v=1772274913"},{"product_id":"american-economic-growth-and-standards-of-living-before-the-civil-war-book-robert-e-gallman-9780226279459","title":"American Economic Growth and Standards of Living before the Civil War","description":"This benchmark volume addresses the debate over the effects of early industrialization on standards of living during the decades before the Civil War. Its contributors demonstrate that the aggregate antebellum economy was growing faster than any other large economy had grown before.   Despite the dramatic economic growth and rise in income levels, questions remain as to the general quality of life during this era. Was the improvement in income widely shared? How did economic growth affect the nature of work? Did higher levels of income lead to improved health and longevity? The authors address these questions by analyzing new estimates of labor force participation, real wages, and productivity, as well as of the distribution of income, height, and nutrition.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346764501265,"sku":"CIN0226279456G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226279456.jpg?v=1750779548"},{"product_id":"distributional-aspects-of-social-security-and-social-security-reform-book-martin-feldstein-9780226241067","title":"The Distributional Aspects of Social Security and Social Security Reform","description":"Social security is the largest and perhaps the most popular program run by the federal government. Given the projected increase in both individual life expectancy and sheer number of retirees, however, the current system faces an eventual overload. Alternative proposals have emerged, ranging from reductions in future benefits to a rise in taxrevenue to various forms of investment-based personal retirement accounts.  As this volume suggests, the distributional consequences of these proposals are substantially different and may disproportionately affect those groups who depend on social security to avoid poverty in old age. Together, these studies persuasively show that appropriately designed investment-based social security reforms can effectively reduce the long-term burden of an aging society on future taxpayers, increase the expected future income of retirees, and mitigate poverty rates among the elderly.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346810147089,"sku":"CIN0226241068VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52765812293905,"sku":"NGR9780226241067","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226241068.jpg?v=1750693988"},{"product_id":"measuring-the-subjective-well-being-of-nations-book-alan-b-krueger-9780226454566","title":"Measuring the Subjective Well-Being of Nations","description":"Surely everyone wants to know the source of happiness - and indeed, economists and social scientists are increasingly interested in the study and effects of subjective well-being. Putting forward a new method for measuring, comparing, and analyzing the relationship between happiness and the way people spend their time - across countries, regions, and history - this book will help set the agenda for research. It does so by introducing the system of National Time Accounting (NTA), which relies on individuals' own evaluations of their emotional experiences during various uses of time, a distinct improvement in measuring well-being from objective measures such as the Gross National Product. A distinguished group of contributors here summarize the NTA methodology, provide illustrative findings about happiness based on NTA, and subject the system to a rigorous conceptual and methodological critique that only strengthens the approach. As subjective well-being is topical in economics, psychology, and other social sciences, this book should have cross-disciplinary appeal.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346853990673,"sku":"CIN0226454568VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226454568.jpg?v=1750738094"},{"product_id":"means-tested-transfer-programs-in-the-united-states-book-robert-a-moffitt-9780226533568","title":"Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States","description":"U.S. government programs to aid the poor have long been controversial, with much debate centering on how much assistance should be offered and what forms it should take. This volume provides an overview of how such programs work.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346858381585,"sku":"CIN0226533565G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226533565.jpg?v=1751195702"},{"product_id":"currency-crises-book-paul-r-krugman-9780226454627","title":"Currency Crises","description":"Most economists would agree that the definition of a currency crisis involves investors fleeing en masse through a fear of devaluation. This volume focuses on the historical and theoretical aspects of currency crises, to investigate what governments can do about them.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346864771345,"sku":"CIN0226454622G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226454622.jpg?v=1751070255"},{"product_id":"works-councils-book-joel-rogers-9780226723761","title":"Works Councils","description":"As the influence of labour unions declines in many industrialized nations, particularly the United States, the influence of workers has decreased. Because of the need for greater involvement of workers in changing production systems, as well as frustration with existing structures of workplace regulation, the search has begun for new ways of providing a voice for workers outside the traditional collective bargaining relationship. Works councils - institutionalized bodies for representative communication between an employer and employees in a single workplace - are rare in the Anglo-American world, but are well-established in other industrialized countries. The contributors to this volume survey the history, structure and functions of works councils in the Netherlands, Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, Italy, Poland, Canada and the United States. Special attention is paid to the relations between works councils and unions and collective bargaining, works councils and management, and the role and interest of governments in works councils. The book demonstrates that well-designed works councils may be more effective than labour unions at solving management-labour problems.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346916479249,"sku":"CIN0226723763A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226723763.jpg?v=1750738161"},{"product_id":"american-economic-policy-in-the-1980s-book-martin-s-feldstein-9780226240930","title":"American Economic Policy in the 1980s","description":"The American economy in the 1980s was characterized by a lowering of personal taxes and inflation, spiraling government debt, decreased spending on domestic programmes and the sharpest post-World War II recession, followed by nearly eight years of strong economic growth. In this book, policy-makers in the Reagan administration and leaders in academia offer an unusually close-up view of how and why economic policy in the 1980s developed the way it did. In his introduction, Martin Feldstein comments on aspects of policy with which he was closely involved as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers (1982-1984): monetary and exchange-rate policy, tax policy and budget issues. Feldstein offers his judgements on these policies and illuminates the policy strategies of the 1980s as only an insider can. The following 11 chapters deal with a variety of domestic and international issues, including developments in regulation and antitrust, as well as monetary, trade, tax and budget policies. The result is an authoritative record of Reagan-era economic reforms that is destined to become a standard reference for economists and lay persons alike. The contributors are Phillip Areeda, Elizabeth Bailey, William F. Baxter, C. Fred Bergsten, James Burnley, Christopher DeMuth, Thomas O. Enders, Martin Feldstein, Jeffrey A. Frankel, Don Fullerton, William M. Isaac, Paul L. Joskow, Paul Krugman, Roger E. Litan, Russell B. Long, Michael Mussa, William A. Niskanen, Roger G. Noll, Lionel H. Olmer, Rudolph Penner, James M. Poterba, Harry M. Reasoner, William R. Rhodes, J. David Richardson, Charles Schultze, Paula Stern, David Stockman, William Taylor, James Tobin, W. Kip Viscusi, Paul A. Volcker, Charls E. Walker, David A. Wise, and Richard G. Woodbury.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50460052816145,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50460054061329,"sku":"CIN0226240932G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226240932.jpg?v=1751324153"},{"product_id":"economics-of-privacy-book-avi-goldfarb-9780226834078","title":"The Economics of Privacy","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA foundational new collection examining the mechanics of privacy in the digital age.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The falling costs of collecting, storing, and processing data have allowed firms and governments to improve their products and services, but have also created databases with detailed individual-level data that raise privacy concerns. This volume summarizes the research on the economics of privacy and identifies open questions on the value of privacy, the roles of property rights and markets for privacy and data, the relationship between privacy and inequality, and the political economy of privacy regulation. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Several themes emerge across the chapters. One is that it may not be possible to solve privacy concerns by creating a market for the right to privacy, even if property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are low. Another is that it is difficult to measure and value the benefits of privacy, particularly when individuals have an intrinsic preference for privacy. Most previous attempts at valuation have focused only on quantifiable economic outcomes, such as innovation. Finally, defining privacy through an economic lens is challenging. The broader academic and legal literature includes many distinct definitions of privacy, and different definitions may be appropriate in different contexts. The chapters explore a variety of frameworks for examining these questions and provide a range of new perspectives on the role of economics research in understanding the benefits and costs of privacy and of data flows. As the digital economy continues to expand the scope of economic theory and research, \u003ci\u003eThe Economics of Privacy \u003c\/i\u003eprovides the most comprehensive survey to date of this field and its next steps. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50461680828689,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50461681484049,"sku":"NGR9780226834078","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226834077.jpg?v=1750843742"},{"product_id":"health-at-older-ages-book-david-m-cutler-9780226132310","title":"Health at Older Ages","description":"Americans are living longer - and staying healthier longer - than ever before. Despite the rapid disappearance of pensions and health-care benefits for retirees, older people are healthier and better off than they were twenty years ago. In \"Health at Older Ages\", a distinguished team of economists analyzes the foundations of disability decline, quantifies this phenomenon in economic terms, and proposes what might be done to accelerate future improvements in the health of our most elderly populations.This breakthrough volume argues that educational attainment, high socioeconomic status, an older retirement age, and accessible medical care have improved the health and quality of life of seniors. Along the way, it outlines the economic benefits of disability decline, such as an increased percentage of seniors in the workplace, relief for the health-care system and care-giving families, and reduced medical expenses for the elderly themselves. \"Health at Older Ages\" will be an essential contribution to the debate about meeting the medical needs of an aging nation.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50463508922641,"sku":"NGR9780226132310","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226132315.jpg?v=1750877241"},{"product_id":"american-agriculture-water-resources-and-climate-change-book-gary-d-libecap-9780226830612","title":"American Agriculture, Water Resources, and Climate Change","description":"A collection of the most advanced and authoritative agricultural-economic research in the face of increasing water scarcity.   Agriculture has been critical in the development of the American economy. Except in parts of the western United States, water access has not been a critical constraint on agricultural productivity, but with climate change, this may no longer be the case. This volume highlights new research on the interconnections between American agriculture, water resources, and climate change. It examines climatic and geologic factors that affect the agricultural sector and highlights historical and contemporary farmer responses to varying conditions and water availability. It identifies the potential effects of climate change on water supplies, access, agricultural practices, and profitability, and analyzes technological, agronomic, management, and institutional adjustments. Adaptations such as new crops, production practices, irrigation technologies, water conveyance infrastructure, fertilizer application, and increased use of groundwater can generate both social benefits and social costs, which may be internalized with various institutional innovations. Drawing on both historical and present experiences, this volume provides valuable insights into the economics of water supply in American agriculture as climate change unfolds.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50464178110737,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50464178766097,"sku":"NGR9780226830612","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226830616.jpg?v=1772274978"},{"product_id":"economic-regulation-and-its-reform-book-nancy-l-rose-9780226138022","title":"Economic Regulation and Its Reform","description":"The past thirty years have witnessed a transformation of government economic intervention in segments of industry throughout the world. Many industries historically subject to economic price and entry controls have been largely deregulated, including natural gas, airlines, and commercial banking. However, recent concerns about market power in restructured electricity markets, airline industry instability amid chronic financial stress, and the challenges created by the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act have led to calls for renewed market intervention. Economic Regulation and Its Reform collects research that explores these and other issues surrounding government economic intervention, providing an assessment of the economic effects of regulatory reforms over the past three decades and examining how these insights bear on some of today's most significant concerns in regulatory policy.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50466502574353,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50466503295249,"sku":"CIN022613802XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/022613802X.jpg?v=1751195607"},{"product_id":"great-inflation-book-michael-d-bordo-9780226066950","title":"The Great Inflation","description":"Controlling inflation is among the most important objectives of economic policy. By maintaining price stability, policy makers are able to reduce uncertainty, improve price-monitoring mechanisms, and facilitate more efficient planning and allocation of resources. This volume focuses on understanding the causes of the Great Inflation of the 1970s and '80s, which saw rising inflation in many nations and propelled interest rates across the developing world into the double digits. Ever since, the immediate cause of the period's rise in inflation has been extensively debated. Among the areas of contention are the role of monetary policy in driving inflation and the implications this had both for policy design and for evaluating the performance of those who set the policy. Contributors map monetary policy from the 1960s to the present, shedding light on how the lessons of the Great Inflation were absorbed and applied to today's global and increasingly complex economic environment.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50484380958993,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50484381581585,"sku":"CIN0226066959G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226066959.jpg?v=1750738013"},{"product_id":"american-economy-in-transition-book-martin-s-feldstein-9780226240824","title":"The American Economy in Transition","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51324990783761,"sku":"CIN0226240827G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/B0026PW04Q.jpg?v=1751324152"},{"product_id":"economics-of-art-museums-book-martin-s-feldstein-9780226240732","title":"The Economics of Art Museums","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51329631617297,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51329634107665,"sku":"CIN0226240738VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52698727153937,"sku":"CIN0226240738G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226240738.jpg?v=1750940743"},{"product_id":"social-security-programs-and-retirement-around-the-world-book-axel-brschsupan-9780226836355","title":"Social Security Programs and Retirement around the World","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA global analysis of the effects of social security reforms on the retirement incentives and labor force trends of older workers.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Employment among older men and women has increased dramatically in recent years, reversing a downward trend in the closing decades of the twentieth century. \u003ci\u003eSocial Security Programs and Retirement around the World \u003c\/i\u003eexamines how changing retirement incentives have reshaped labor force participation trends among older workers. The chapters feature country-specific analyses for Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. They find that while there is significant heterogeneity across countries, the reforms of recent decades have generally reduced the implicit tax on work at older ages. These changes correlate positively with labor force participation. The studies exploit the variation in the timing and extent of reforms of retirement incentives and employ microeconometric methods to investigate whether this correlation reflects a causal relationship. Policy changes appear to have contributed to rising labor force activity, but other factors like the role of women in the labor force, improved health, and changes in private pensions likely also play important roles. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51595404378385,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51595404509457,"sku":"NGR9780226836355","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226836355.jpg?v=1750940918"},{"product_id":"long-term-care-around-the-world-book-jonathan-gruber-9780226838434","title":"Long-Term Care around the World","description":"A comparative analysis of both formal and informal long-term care in ten of the world’s wealthiest countries.   Nations throughout the world are in the midst of an enormous demographic transition, with life expectancy increasing and fertility falling, leading to a rapidly aging population and critical implications for long-term care around the world. This volume documents and compares long-term care programs in ten wealthy countries.    Analyses of survey data and government statistics show that the costs of long-term care are beyond the financial means of a large fraction of the elderly population in most countries, particularly the oldest and most disabled. As a result, public systems bear most of the cost of formal long-term care, such as care in an institution or paid home care. Most countries spend more on nursing homes than on home care, but this relationship varies widely as does the mix of care needs and resources used to define eligibility for public funding. At the same time, most care is provided informally through family or unpaid caregivers. The costs of informal care, including the foregone earnings of caregivers, are estimated to account for at least one-third of all long-term care spending in every country. Thus, any estimate of the social costs of long-term care must account for the implicit costs of informal care.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51595415945489,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51595416240401,"sku":"NGR9780226838434","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226838439.jpg?v=1772036751"},{"product_id":"policy-responses-to-tax-competition-book-david-r-agrawal-9780226838595","title":"Policy Responses to Tax Competition","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA critical examination of the effects of tax competition.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003ePolicy Responses to Tax Competition \u003c\/i\u003eprovides an in-depth exploration of how jurisdictions design taxes on mobile economic factors. Tax competition between jurisdictions that seek to attract businesses and residents presents both opportunities and challenges. It can foster government efficiency and provide a counterweight to lobbying for increased spending, but it can also result in inefficiently low tax rates and revenue shortfalls as jurisdictions vie for tax bases. This volume examines the economic drivers and consequences of tax competition and presents empirical evidence on its effects. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Divided into three parts, the book first reviews existing research on the determinants and consequences of tax competition and related policy initiatives such as development incentives. The second section focuses on specific policies, such as the Kansas-Missouri noncompete pact and international measures like the OECD’s Base Erosion and Profit Shifting initiative, that are designed to limit tax competition. It also considers the economic responses to these policies, the distributional impact of competition-reducing policies, and potential strategic reactions of other governments. The final section presents case studies of the effects of various policies, including inter-municipal cooperation in France and corporate tax equalization in Switzerland. \u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Altogether, this volume provides new insights into the nature of inter-jurisdictional tax competition and the range of potential responses available to jurisdictions at various levels in federal systems. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51595419287825,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51595419549969,"sku":"NGR9780226838595","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226838595.jpg?v=1750738231"},{"product_id":"economic-history-of-american-inequality-book-martha-j-bailey-9780226840642","title":"The Economic History of American Inequality","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA meticulous examination of the history and roots of economic inequality within the United States.\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This volume refines and extends the economic history literature on economic inequality in the United States. Economic inequality manifests itself on various dimensions, including access to resources and economic security, as well as access to education and opportunities for migration, marriage, and other important life decisions. Measuring inequality and studying its variation over time and in response to economic shocks such as recessions and wars deepen our understanding of how the economy operates and can inform the design of public policies. The studies in this compendium present comprehensive evidence on income distribution during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, drawing on new data on wages and prices. They also consider disparities in economic well-being that are reflected in outcomes other than wage and salary income, such as homeownership and marriage. The volume also presents new evidence on the effects of income inequality on social outcomes. It concludes with an intellectual history of “human capital,” a core concept in the economic analysis of the underpinnings of labor market inequality. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51595475943697,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":51595476533521,"sku":"NGR9780226840642","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226840646.jpg?v=1772036579"},{"product_id":"roles-of-immigrants-and-foreign-students-in-us-science-innovation-and-entreprene-book-ina-ganguli-9780226695624","title":"The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in Us Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship","description":"The number of immigrants in the US science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workforce and among recipients of advanced STEM degrees at US universities has increased in recent decades. In light of the current public debate about immigration, there is a need for evidence on the economic impacts of immigrants on the STEM workforce and on innovation. Using new data and state-of-the-art empirical methods, this volume examines various aspects of the relationships between immigration, innovation, and entrepreneurship, including the effects of changes in the number of immigrants and their skill composition on the rate of innovation; the relationship between high-skilled immigration and entrepreneurship; and the differences between immigrant and native entrepreneurs. It presents new evidence on the postgraduation migration patterns of STEM doctoral recipients, in particular the likelihood these graduates will return to their home country. This volume also examines the role of the US higher education system and of US visa policy in attracting foreign students for graduate study and retaining them after graduation.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51747261284625,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51747262464273,"sku":"CIN022669562XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":53476048437521,"sku":"CIN022669562XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226695624.jpg?v=1750997597"},{"product_id":"organizations-civil-society-and-the-roots-of-development-book-naomi-r-lamoreaux-9780226426365","title":"Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development","description":"Modern developed nations are rich and politically stable in part because their citizens are free to form organizations and have access to the relevant legal resources. Yet in spite of the advantages of open access to civil organizations, it is estimated that eighty percent of people live in countries that do not allow unfettered access. Why have some countries disallow the formation of organizations as part of their economic and political system? The contributions to Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development seek to answer this question through an exploration of how developing nations throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Germany, made the transition to allowing their citizens the right to form organizations. The transition, contributors show, was not an easy one. Neither political changes brought about by revolution nor subsequent economic growth led directly to open access. In fact, initial patterns of change were in the opposite direction, as political coalitions restricted access to specific organizations for the purpose of maintaining political control.\nUltimately, however, it became clear that these restrictions threatened the foundation of social and political order. Tracing the path of these modern civil societies, Organizations, Civil Society, and the Roots of Development is an invaluable contribution to all interested in today's developing countries and the challenges they face in developing this organizational capacity.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52329698033937,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52329698689297,"sku":"CIN022642636XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226426365.jpg?v=1758115568"},{"product_id":"money-history-and-international-finance-book-michael-d-bordo-9780226065939","title":"Money, History, and International Finance","description":"This volume provides a critical evaluation of Anna J. Schwartz's work and probes various facets of the immense contribution of her scholarship—How well has it stood the test of time? What critiques have been leveled against it? How has monetary research developed over the years, and how has her influence been manifested? Bordo has collected five conference papers presented by leading monetary scholars, discussants' comments, and closing remarks by Milton Friedman and Karl Brunner. Each of these insightful surveys extends Schwartz's work and makes its own contribution to the fields of monetary history, theory, and policy. The volume also contains a foreword by Martin Feldstein and a selected bibliography of publications by Anna Schwartz.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52383583469841,"sku":"NGR9780226065939","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226065939.jpg?v=1758235689"},{"product_id":"issues-in-the-economics-of-immigration-book-george-j-borjas-9780226066318","title":"Issues in the Economics of Immigration","description":"The United States is now admitting nearly one million legal immigrants per year, while the flow of illegal aliens into the country continues to increase steadily. The debate over immigration policy has typically focused on three fundamental questions: How do immigrants peform economically relative to others? What effects do immigrants have on the employment opportunities of other workers? What kind of immigration policy is most beneficial to the host country? This authoritative volume represents a move beyond purely descriptive assessments of labour market consequences toward a more fully developed analysis of economic impacts across the social spectrum. Exploring the broader repercussions of immigration on education, welfare, Social Security and crime, as well as the labour market, these papers assess dimensions not yet taken into account by traditional cost-benefit calculations. This collection offers new insights into the kinds of economic opportunties and outcomes that immigrant populations might expect for themselves and future generations.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52383583535377,"sku":"NGR9780226066318","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226066318.jpg?v=1758235690"},{"product_id":"topics-in-empirical-international-economics-book-magnus-blomstrom-9780226060835","title":"Topics in Empirical International Economics","description":"In this volume emanating from the National Bureau of Economic Research's programme in international economics, leading economists address recent developments in three important areas. The first section of the book focuses on international comparisons of output and prices, and includes papers that present new measures of product market integration, new methodology to infer relative factor price changes from quantitative data, and an ongoing capital stock measurement project. The next section features articles on international trade, including such significant issues as deterring child labour exploitation in developing countries, exchange rate regimes, and mapping US comparative advantage across various factors. The book concludes with research on multinational corporations and includes a discussion of the long-debated issue of whether growth of production abroad substitutes for or is complementary to production growth at home. The papers in the volume are dedicated to Robert E. Lipsey, who, for more than a half century at the NBER contributed significantly to the broad field of empirical international economics.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52383583600913,"sku":"NGR9780226060835","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226060835.jpg?v=1758235692"},{"product_id":"rational-expectations-and-economic-policy-book-stanley-fischer-9780226251349","title":"Rational Expectations and Economic Policy","description":"\"Several areas in economics today have unprecedented significance and vitality. Most people would agree that stabilization policy ranks with the highest of these. Continuing inflation and periodic serious acceleration of inflation combined with high and secularly rising unemployment combine to give the area high priority. This book brings us up to date on an extremely lively discussion involving the role of expectations, and more particularly rational expectations, in the conduct of stabilization policy. . . . Anyone interested in the role of government in economics should read this important book.\"—C. Glyn Williams, \u003ci\u003eThe Wall Street Review of Books \u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\"This is a most timely and valuable contribution. . . . The contributors and commentators are highly distinguished and the editor has usefully collated comments and the ensuing discussion. Unusually for a conference proceedings the book is well indexed and it is also replete with numerous and up-to-date references. . . . This is the first serious book to examine the rational expectations thesis in any depth, and it will prove invaluable to anyone involved with macroeconomic policy generally and with monetary economics in particular.\"—G. K. Shaw, \u003ci\u003eThe Economic Journal\u003c\/i\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52383583928593,"sku":"NGR9780226251349","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226251349.jpg?v=1758235695"},{"product_id":"economic-analysis-of-substance-use-and-abuse-book-frank-j-chaloupka-9780226100470","title":"The Economic Analysis of Substance Use and Abuse","description":"Conventional wisdom once held that the demand for addictive substances like cigarettes, alcohol and drugs was unlike that for any other economic good and, therefore, unresponsive to traditional market forces. Recently, however, researchers from two disparate fields, economics and behavioural psychology, have found that increases in the overall price of an addictive substance can significantly reduce both the number of users and the amounts those users consume. Changes in the \"full price\" of addictive substances - including monetary value, time outlay, effort to obtain, and potential penalties for illegal use - yield marked variations in behavioural outcomes and demand. This book brings these fields of study together and presents an integrated assessment of their data and results. It should serve as a resource in the debates concerning alcohol and drug use and abuse, and the impacts of legalizing illicit drugs.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52383595397393,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52383595430161,"sku":"NGR9780226100470","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226100470.jpg?v=1758236230"},{"product_id":"founding-choices-book-douglas-a-irwin-9780226384757","title":"Founding Choices","description":"The political decisions made by the founding fathers were crucial to the success of the early republic. This title explores these economic choices and their profound influence on American life, westward expansion, and influence abroad.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52410600587537,"sku":"CIN0226384756VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":52782406664465,"sku":"CIN0226384756A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":53702600327441,"sku":"GOR015008457","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226384757.jpg?v=1758778849"},{"product_id":"changing-frontier-book-adam-b-jaffe-9780226286723","title":"The Changing Frontier","description":"In 1945, Vannevar Bush, founder of Raytheon and one-time engineering dean at MIT, delivered a report to the president of the United States that argued for the importance of public support for science, and the importance of science for the future of the nation. The report, Science: The Endless Frontier, set America on a path toward strong and well-funded institutions of science, creating an intellectual architecture that still defines scientific endeavor today.  In The Changing Frontier, Adam B. Jaffe and Benjamin Jones bring together a group of prominent scholars to consider the changes in science and innovation in the ensuing decades. The contributors take on such topics as changes in the organization of scientific research, the geography of innovation, modes of entrepreneurship, and the structure of research institutions and linkages between science and innovation. An important analysis of where science stands today, The Changing Frontier will be invaluable to practitioners and policy makers alike.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52468370866449,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52468371718417,"sku":"CIN022628672XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226286723.jpg?v=1759706462"},{"product_id":"african-successes-volume-i-book-sebastian-edwards-9780226316222","title":"African Successes, Volume I","description":"Studies of African economic development frequently focus on the daunting challenges the continent faces. From recurrent crises to ethnic conflicts and long-standing corruption, a raft of deep-rooted problems has led many to regard the continent as facing many hurdles to raise living standards. Yet Africa has made considerable progress in the past decade, with a GDP growth rate exceeding five percent in some regions. The African Successes series looks at recent improvements in living standards and other measures of development in many African countries with an eye toward identifying what shaped them and the extent to which lessons learned are transferable and can guide policy in other nations and at the international level. The first volume in the series, African Successes: Governments and Institutions considers the role governments and institutions have played in recent developments and identifies the factors that enable economists to predict the way institutions will function.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52718690304273,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52718690664721,"sku":"NGR9780226316222","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780226316222.jpg?v=1762951740"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/en-au\/collections\/national-bureau-of-economic-research-conference-report-book-series.oembed?page=2","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}