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In the 1600s and 1700s, evolution referred to the embryological theory of preformation, the idea that the embryo exists as a miniature adult of its own species that simply grows, or evolves, during gestation. By the early 1800s, however, the idea of preformation had become the concept of evolutionary recapitulation, the idea that during its development an embryo passes through a series of stages, each the adult form of an ancestor species. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Richards demonstrates that, for Darwin, embryological recapitulation provided a graphic model of how species evolve. If an embryo could be seen as successively taking the structures and forms of its ancestral species, then one could see the evolution of life itself as a succession of species, each transformed from its ancestor. Richards works with the \u003ci\u003eOrigin\u003c\/i\u003e and other published and archival material to show that these embryological models were much on Darwin's mind as he considered the evidence for descent with modification. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e Why do so many modern researchers find these embryological roots of Darwin's theory so problematic? Richards argues that the current tendency to see evolution as a process that is not progressive and not teleological imposes perspectives on Darwin that incorrectly deny the clearly progressive heart of his embryological models and his evolutionary theory.\u003cbr\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49570069905681,"sku":"GOR004443243","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226712028.jpg?v=1750812697"},{"product_id":"great-devonian-controversy-book-martin-js-rudwick-9780226731018","title":"The Great Devonian Controversy","description":"Arguably the best work to date in the history of geology.--David R. Oldroyd, \u003ci\u003eScience\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eAfter a superficial first glance, most readers of good will and broad knowledge might dismiss  this book] as being too much about too little. They would be making one of the biggest mistakes in their intellectual lives. . . .  It] could become one of our century's key documents in understanding science and its history.--Stephen Jay Gould, \u003ci\u003eNew York Review of Books\u003c\/i\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eSurely one of the most important studies in the history of science of recent years, and arguably the best work to date in the history of geology.--David R. 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Galileo, Courtier is a fascinating cultural and social history of science highlighting the workings of power, patronage, and credibility in the development of science.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50127296299281,"sku":"CIN0226045595G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50504062632209,"sku":"GOR003861128","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51307288953105,"sku":"CIN0226045595VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226045595.jpg?v=1750877207"},{"product_id":"modeling-nature-book-sharon-kingsland-9780226437262","title":"Modeling Nature","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346869948689,"sku":"CIN0226437264G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":50346879549713,"sku":"CIN0226437264A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226437264.jpg?v=1750843614"},{"product_id":"science-without-laws-book-ronald-n-giere-9780226292083","title":"Science without Laws","description":"This text offers a mediating experience perspective on an increasingly volatile line of enquiry. The author does not question major findings of modern science: for example, that the universe is expanding or that inheritance is carried by DNA molecules with a double helical structure. But like many critics of modern science, he rejects the widespread notion of science - deriving ultimately from the Enlightenment - as a uniquely rational activity leading to the discovery of universal truths underlying all natural phenomena. Ronald Giere argues that it is better to understand scientists as merely constructing more or less abstract models of limited aspects of the world. Such an understanding makes possible a resolution of the issues at stake in the science wars. The critics of science are seen to be correct in rejecting the Enlightenment idea of science and its defenders are seen to be correct in insisting that science does produce genuine knowledge of the natural world. Giere argues that to criticize the Enlightenment ideal is not to criticize science itself and that to defend science one need not defend the Enlightenment ideal. The book thus stakes out a middle ground in these debates by showing how science can be better conceived in other ways.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50467356213521,"sku":"CIN0226292088G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50628469162257,"sku":"GOR005856246","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226292088.jpg?v=1751195635"},{"product_id":"romantic-conception-of-life-book-robert-j-richards-9780226712109","title":"The Romantic Conception of Life","description":"\"All art should become science and all science art; poetry and philosophy should be made one.\" Friedrich Schlegel's words perfectly capture the project of the German Romantics, who believed that aesthetic approaches of art and literature could reveal patterns and meaning in nature that couldn't be uncovered through rationalistic philosophy and science alone. In this wide-ranging work, Robert J. Richards shows how the Romantic conception of the world influenced (and was influenced by) both the lives of the people who held it and the development of 19th-century science. Integrating Romantic literature, science and philosophy with an intimate knowledge of the individuals involved - from Goethe and the brothers Schlegel to Humboldt and Friedrich and Caroline Schelling - Richards demonstrates how their tempestuous lives shaped their ideas as profoundly as their intellectual and cultural heritage. He focuses especially on how Romantic concepts of the self, and aesthetic and moral considerations - all tempered by personal relationships - altered scientific representations of nature. Although historians have long considered Romanticism at best a minor tributary to scientific thought, Richards moves it to the centre of the main currents of 19th-century biology, culminating in the conception of nature underlying Darwin's evolutionary theory. Uniting the personal and poetic aspects of philosophy and science in a way that the German Romantics themselves would have honoured, \"The Romantic Conception of Life\" alters how we look at Romanticism and 19th-century biology.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50469698732305,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50469700960529,"sku":"CIN0226712109VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52319588286737,"sku":"CIN0226712109G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226712109.jpg?v=1751005364"},{"product_id":"social-history-of-truth-book-steven-shapin-9780226750187","title":"A Social History of Truth","description":"How do we come to trust our knowledge of the world? What are the means by which we distinguish true from false accounts? Why do we credit one observational statement over another? In \"A Social History of Truth\", Shapin engages with these universal questions through a recreation of a crucial period in the history of early modern science: the social world of gentlemen-philosophers in 17th-century England. Steven Shapin paints a picture of the relations between gentlemanly culture and scientific practice. He argues that problems of credibility in science were practically solved through the codes and conventions of genteel conduct: trust, civility, honour and integrity. These codes formed, and arguably still form, an important basis for securing reliable knowledge about the natural world. Shapin uses detailed historical narrative to argue about the establishment of factual knowledge both in science and in everyday practice. Accounts of the mores and manners of gentlemen-philosophers are used to illustrate Shapin's broad claim that trust is imperative for constituting every kind of knowledge. He argues that knowledge-making is always a collective enterprise: people have to know whom to trust in order to know something about the natural world.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":50761634382097,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50761638904081,"sku":"CIN0226750183G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51809268236561,"sku":"CIN0226750183VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ WELL_READ \/ SBYB","offer_id":52326982680849,"sku":"CIN0226750183A","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226750183.jpg?v=1751290830"},{"product_id":"shaky-game-book-arthur-fine-9780226249469","title":"The Shaky Game","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ -","offer_id":51320885772561,"sku":"","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51320887083281,"sku":"CIN0226249468G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0226249468.jpg?v=1750973996"},{"product_id":"darwin-and-the-emergence-of-evolutionary-theories-of-mind-and-behaviour-book-robert-j-richards-9780226711997","title":"Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behaviour","description":"With insight and wit, Robert J. Richards focuses on the development of evolutionary theories of mind and behavior from their first distinct appearance in the eighteenth century to their controversial state today. Particularly important in the nineteenth century were Charles Darwin's ideas about instinct, reason, and morality, which Richards considers against the background of Darwin's personality, training, scientific and cultural concerns, and intellectual community. Many critics have argued that the Darwinian revolution stripped nature of moral purpose and ethically neutered the human animal. 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