The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer by Arthur Schopenhauer

The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer by Arthur Schopenhauer

Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 - 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind and insatiable noumenal will. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. He was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Indian philosophy, such as asceticism, denial of the self, and the notion of the world-as-appearance. His work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism.

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER, the famous nineteenth-century Ger-man pessimist who expanded on the ideas of Plato and Immanuel Kant, wrote accessibly, leading his ideas to resonate with both philosophers and artists alike.

The son of Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer and Johanna Hen-riette Troisiener, Arthur was born in Danzig on February 22, 1788, just one month after English Romantic poet George Gor-don, Lord Byron. A middle-class Dutch family involved in inter-national trade, the Schopenhauers chose Arthur as their son's name because the appellation is spelled the same in English, French, and German. Once Prussia annexed Danzig in 1793, the Schopenhauer family moved first to Hamburg, then Arthur spent much of his youth living throughout Europe, learning many lan-guages. Although his father prepared him to inherit the family mercantile business, Arthur Schopenhauer found that the schol-arly life suited him perfectly. After Heinrich's 1805 death, Johanna moved her family from Hamburg to Weimar, where Johanna, an author herself, befriended the writer Johann Wolf-gang von Goethe.

Arthur Schopenhauer enrolled in the University of Gottin-gen and received his doctorate from the University of Jena in 1813. His dissertation, The Fourfold Root of the Principle of Suf-ficient Reason, explored the philosophical assumption that equates reality with rationality. According to Schopenhauer, in order for one to contemplate an explanation for a particular thing, one must assume that there is a subject (oneself) that thinks about the object (thing to be explained). Schopenhauer built his thesis on the work of Kant, who noted that humans can-not transcend themselves and therefore cannot satisfactorily answer metaphysical questions, and G. W. Leibniz, who first defined the principle of sufficient reason, which states that absolutely nothing exists that lacks an adequate reason for its existence.

Schopenhauer's most famous work, the two-volume The World as Will and Representation, sprung from ideas put forth in The Fourfold Root. Schopenhauer's philosophical inquiries led him to embrace a pessimistic worldview--life is a mean-ingless struggle against the irrational impulses of the will. One could find some solace, however, through aesthetic perception, morality, and asceticism. With regard to the first, Schopenhauer considered artistic endeavors to be the communication of Pla-tonic Ideas, with music as the highest of all art forms because of its instant objectification of the will. Schopenhauer's ideas influ-enced many literary figures--including Samuel Beckett, Joseph Conrad, Leo Tolstoy, W. B. Yeats, and Emile Zola--as well as musicians such as Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner.

In the early 1920s, Schopenhauer began lecturing at the University of Berlin, purposely scheduling his classes concur-rent with those of G. W. F. Hegel. Schopenhauer strongly dis-liked Hegel and his philosophy; the former felt that the latter tried to make up for a lack of content in his works by ensnaring the reader in meaningless jargon.

Schopenhauer left Berlin in 1831 to escape the threat of a cholera epidemic, eventually settling in Frankfurt, where he spent the rest of his life. By the mid-1850s, Schopenhauer gained the recognition that he had longed for when a review of his philosophical work appeared in the Westminster Review, which connected some of Schopenhauer's thought with that of Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Schopenhauer's health gradually dete-riorated in 1860 until he died of natural causes on September 21 in Frankfurt. New editions of most of Schopenhauer's works began to appear in 1873.

Other works by Schopenhauer include On Vision and Col-ors (1816), On the Will in Nature (1836), The Two Fundamen-tal Problems of Ethics (1839-40), Parerga und Paralipomena (1851), and The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims (1886).

SKU	Unavailable
ISBN 13	9781034892854
ISBN 10	1034892851
Title	The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer
Author	Arthur Schopenhauer
Condition	Unavailable
Binding Type	Paperback
Publisher	Blurb
Year published	2024-05-06
Number of pages	96
Cover note	Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.