The Kingdom of France, Olivier Chaline; the Kingdoms of Spain, Fernando Checa; the Kingdom of England, John Adamson; the united provinces of the Netherlands, Jonathan Israel; the patrimony of St Peter, Henry Dietrich Fernandez; Austria and Bohemia, Jeroen Duindam; the Electorate of Bavaria, Rainer Babel; the Electorate of Brandenburg and the Kingdom of Prussia, Markus Volkel; the Duchy of Savoy, Robert Oresko; the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Marcello Fantoni; the Empire of Russia, Lindsay Hughes; the Kingdom of Sweden, Fabian Persson.