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Within that context some of the most important political movements of our time are considered, including, among others, the Alleanza Nazionale of Italy and the Bharatiya Janata Party of India, both of which have discharged leadership roles in their respective governments: identifying either as 'neofascism' has clear implications for international relations.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50132050641169,"sku":"GOR007019644","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50355644596497,"sku":"CIN0521676398G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51003197227281,"sku":"NIN9780521676397","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51333751963921,"sku":"CIN0521676398VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52422696108305,"sku":"NLS9780521676397","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0521676398.jpg?v=1786109664"},{"product_id":"phoenix-book-a-james-gregor-9780765808554","title":"Phoenix","description":"A great deal of effort has been expended by Anglo-American scholars in an attempt to isolate past and contemporary fascisms, neofascisms, cryptofascisms and latent fascisms in the modern world","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50195217318161,"sku":"CIN0765808552G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0765808552.jpg?v=1750745188"},{"product_id":"marxism-fascism-and-totalitarianism-book-a-james-gregor-9780804760348","title":"Marxism, Fascism, and Totalitarianism","description":"A study of the evolution of traditional Marxism into Stalinism and Fascism.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50261937062161,"sku":"GOR009245302","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ WELL_READ \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50858144366865,"sku":"GOR014096537","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51007678677265,"sku":"NIN9780804760348","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":54221910835473,"sku":"CIN0804760349G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0804760349.jpg?v=1757413023"},{"product_id":"place-in-the-sun-book-a-james-gregor-9780813337821","title":"A Place In The Sun","description":"China has endured a century of turmoil, beginning with the anti-dynastic revolution associated with Sun Yat-Sen, through the military and tutelary rule of Chiang Kai-shek, the revolutionary regime of Mao Zedong, and the radical reforms of Deng Xiaoping. 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Attempts to adequately interpret fascism have involved an inordinate number of social researchers and historians for an inordinate amount of time over the past half century. For all that we still find ourselves without a compelling account of the entire complex sequence. Fascism constitutes a significant concern for students of contemporary politics. To develop an intellectually defensible explanation of the nature, origins, and development of Italian Fascism and German Nazism remains a responsibility still outstanding.Interpretations of Fascism provides a review of the efforts that have been made to date to interpret and explain the phenomenon, It addresses itself specifically to those efforts undertaken to provide a social science explanation of Mussolini's Fascism. Dealing wiht the special application of social science methods to a specific problem, the book provides a special angle to examine this ubiquitous system in a comparable context. 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Instead, the book reconstructs an intellectual trajectory that begins with Mussolini’s immersion in Marxism and culminates in a systematic reworking of its premises. Fascism is presented not as an ad hoc collection of contradictions but as a variant born from Marxism’s own crises—shaped by syndicalist radicalism, elitist organizational theory, and the porous categories of Marx and Engels themselves. In this view, Mussolini was a “heretical Marxist,” modifying doctrine just enough to scandalize the orthodox and redirect its telos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e By reframing fascism as an ideologically coherent outgrowth of the revolutionary left, the study unsettles the easy partition of twentieth-century politics into right and left camps. It places Mussolini’s development in continuity with broader traditions of Marxism and syndicalism, situating his transformation within a lineage that runs from Engels to Michels, Olivetti, and Panunzio. Recent scholarship makes this reassessment possible: the publication of Mussolini’s complete works, Renzo De Felice’s \u003ci\u003eMussolini il rivoluzionario (1883–1920)\u003c\/i\u003e, and a wider archive of period literature. Against the earlier Anglophone baseline of Gaudens Megaro’s \u003ci\u003eMussolini in the Making\u003c\/i\u003e, the book insists on coherence rather than contradiction, continuity rather than opportunism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The analysis engages current debates—echoing Zeev Sternhell on the importance of ideology, Domenico Settembrini on affinities between Lenin and Mussolini, and De Felice on fascism’s ties to the left. It also acknowledges tensions: critics will still see opportunism where the author insists on evolution, and the very act of repositioning fascism within Marxism provokes political and scholarly unease. Key concepts such as national syndicalism, Michels’ “iron law of oligarchy,” and the idea of heresy as internal transformation provide the vocabulary for tracing this genealogy. For scholars and students alike, the work invites a new map of ideological descent: Marx and Engels through syndicalist intermediaries to Mussolini’s synthesis and the birth of fascism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52323565568273,"sku":"NGR9780520333147","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53521373298961,"sku":"NLS9780520333147","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780520333147.jpg?v=1785904879"},{"product_id":"marxism-china-and-development-book-a-james-gregor-9780765806345","title":"Marxism, China, and Development","description":"China has always been something of a mystery to Westerners","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52485006459153,"sku":"NLS9780765806345","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53013996077329,"sku":"NIN9780765806345","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780765806345.jpg?v=1786111411"},{"product_id":"metascience-and-politics-book-a-james-gregor-9781138528024","title":"Metascience and Politics","description":"\u003cp\u003eA central problem in political inquiry is the conceptual and linguistic informality of political science. For most of its history, the discipline has been largely pursued with the analytic and logical machinery of ordinary language. Likewise, there has been little effort to standardize how language is used, or to systematize theoretical procedures to insure methodological uniformity. In an effort to better understand and defend the research processes that attend, sustain, and foster the systematic credibility of political science, Gregor argues a special conceptual language is needed to enhance the rigor, replicability, articulation, and interpretation of political science's empirical findings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGregor reviews the conceptual inventory of the social sciences in general with particular emphasis on distinctions between descriptive, theoretical, and normative language. He analyzes what might count as \"objectivity\" and \"truth\" in a given set of circumstances in an effort to standardize how political scientists make such distinctions. How \"theory\" and \"explanation\" might be assessed in less rigorous disciplines is also considered.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e Gregor is opposed to the postmodernist tendency to use \"language games\" in the social sciences that purport to close the gaps separating the discourses of knowledge, ethics and politics, but do so at the expense of clarity, rigor, and objectivity. In Gregor's view, these alternative perspectives have exploited vagueness and ambiguity in order to accomplish what they consider to be their political tasks. A substantial postscript to this edition traces some of the postmodernist perspectives to their origins in the works of particular individuals and to their history in the thought of twentieth-century Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMetascience and Politics\u003c\/i\u003e attempts to address all these issues, with brevity and seriousness of purpose, in order to provide a defensible rationale for the scientific character of social and political studies. It will be of interest to political scientists, sociologists, philosophers, and intellectual historians.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA. James Gregor is professor of political science at the University of California at Berkeley and an adjunct professor at Command and Staff College, U.S. Marine Corps University at Quantico, Virginia. He has also been awarded the Order of Merit by the President of the Italian Republic for his contribution to Italy as a nation through his published works. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eGiovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism, Interpretations of Fascism, Phoenix: Fascism in Our Time\u003c\/i\u003e, and \u003ci\u003eMarxism, China, and Development\u003c\/i\u003e, all published by Transaction.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52614072172817,"sku":"NLS9781138528024","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781138528024.jpg?v=1786279454"},{"product_id":"methods-of-housing-analysis-book-a-james-gregor-9781412848411","title":"Methods of Housing Analysis","description":"In order to understand and formulate housing policy and programs, it is necessary to have a working knowledge of the internal economic operation of housing from the points of view of both the investor and the owner","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52654508835089,"sku":"NLS9781412848411","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53082661093649,"sku":"NIN9781412848411","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781412848411.jpg?v=1762216248"},{"product_id":"giovanni-gentile-book-a-james-gregor-9781138524361","title":"Giovanni Gentile","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe recent rise in Europe of extreme right-wing political parties along with outbreaks of violent nationalist fervor in the former communist bloc has occasioned much speculation on a possible resurgence of fascism. At the polemical level, fascism has become a generic term applied to virtually any form of real or potential violence, while among Marxist and left-wing scholars discredited interpretations of fascism as a \"product of late capitalism\" are revived. Empty of cognitive significance, these formulas disregard the historical and philosophical roots of fascism as it arose in Italy and spread throughout Europe. In \u003cem\u003eGiovanni Gentile: Philosopher of Fascism\u003c\/em\u003e, A. 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The individual was called to an idealistic ethic of obedience, work, self-sacrifice, and national community. As Gregor demonstrates, it was a paradigm of what we can expect in the twenty-first century's response, on the part of marginal nations, to the globalization of the industrialized democracies. Gregor cites post-Maoist China, nationalist Russia, Africa, and the Balkans at the development stage from which fascism could grow.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe first book-length analysis in English of Gentile's thought in over thirty years, this volume is valuable not only as a work of historical scholarship but as a timely warning. 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Attempts to adequately interpret fascism have involved an inordinate number of social researchers and historians for an inordinate amount of time over the past half century. For all that we still find ourselves without a compelling account of the entire complex sequence. Fascism constitutes a significant concern for students of contemporary politics. To develop an intellectually defensible explanation of the nature, origins, and development of Italian Fascism and German Nazism remains a responsibility still outstanding.Interpretations of Fascism provides a review of the efforts that have been made to date to interpret and explain the phenomenon, It addresses itself specifically to those efforts undertaken to provide a social science explanation of Mussolini's Fascism. Dealing wiht the special application of social science methods to a specific problem, the book provides a special angle to examine this ubiquitous system in a comparable context. The book should be useful for college courses inb political theory, comparative politics, democracy and dictatorship, economic and political change, and modern European history.The new edition is graced by a provocative, lengthy new essay reviewing the literature from 1973 through 1996. As such, it is an up to date examination of fascism in our times. Professor Gregor is careful to emphasize that fascist movements can thrive in confines far beyond Italy and Germany. It has found fertile soil from Russia to Africa. In short, Gregor argues that this makes fascism a movement that extends through political space no less than historical time. The documentation of the book is now very rich, with a bibliographic review that can serve experts and generalists alike.Stanley G. Payne credits Gregor with clearing away useless, obfuscatory theoretical debris, claiming that Gregor's book serves the study of fascist politics very well indeed. And Giuseppe Prezzolini, introduced the Italian language edition by noting that Interpretations of Fascism is rich in information and scientifically precise in style...a reflection of an intelligence that operates beyond passions.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52692306690321,"sku":"NLS9781138526303","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781138526303.jpg?v=1786103406"},{"product_id":"italian-fascism-and-developmental-dictatorship-book-a-james-gregor-9780691616414","title":"Italian Fascism and Developmental Dictatorship","description":"Political scientists generally have been disposed to treat Italian Fascism--if not generic fascism--as an idiosyncratic episode in the special history of Europe. James Gregor contends, to the contrary, that Italian Fascism has much in common with an inclusive class of developmental revolutionary regimes.  Originally published in 1980.  The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52736281968913,"sku":"NIN9780691616414","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780691616414.jpg?v=1786107932"},{"product_id":"fascist-persuasion-in-radical-politics-book-a-james-gregor-9780691618531","title":"The Fascist Persuasion in Radical Politics","description":"How valid are the assertions of contemporary radicals who insist that they are Marxists? A. James Gregor measures the distance that separates today's radicals from the belief system of Marx and Engels. He finds that the characteristic qualities of modern mass-mobilizing movements bear more impressive similarities to the paradigmatic Fascism of Be","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52736546308369,"sku":"NIN9780691618531","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780691618531.jpg?v=1786099333"},{"product_id":"l-ideologia-del-fascismo-il-fondamento-razionale-del-totalitarismo-book-a-james-gregor-9781291416589","title":"L'IDEOLOGIA DEL FASCISMO - il fondamento razionale del totalitarismo","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52747881480465,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52747881644305,"sku":"NIN9781291416589","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781291416589.jpg?v=1763534024"},{"product_id":"young-mussolini-and-the-intellectual-origins-of-fascism-book-a-james-gregor-9780520370876","title":"Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism","description":"\u003cb\u003eYoung Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism\u003c\/b\u003e challenges the familiar picture of Mussolini as a restless opportunist without convictions. Instead, the book reconstructs an intellectual trajectory that begins with Mussolini’s immersion in Marxism and culminates in a systematic reworking of its premises. Fascism is presented not as an ad hoc collection of contradictions but as a variant born from Marxism’s own crises—shaped by syndicalist radicalism, elitist organizational theory, and the porous categories of Marx and Engels themselves. In this view, Mussolini was a “heretical Marxist,” modifying doctrine just enough to scandalize the orthodox and redirect its telos.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e By reframing fascism as an ideologically coherent outgrowth of the revolutionary left, the study unsettles the easy partition of twentieth-century politics into right and left camps. It places Mussolini’s development in continuity with broader traditions of Marxism and syndicalism, situating his transformation within a lineage that runs from Engels to Michels, Olivetti, and Panunzio. Recent scholarship makes this reassessment possible: the publication of Mussolini’s complete works, Renzo De Felice’s \u003ci\u003eMussolini il rivoluzionario (1883–1920)\u003c\/i\u003e, and a wider archive of period literature. Against the earlier Anglophone baseline of Gaudens Megaro’s \u003ci\u003eMussolini in the Making\u003c\/i\u003e, the book insists on coherence rather than contradiction, continuity rather than opportunism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e The analysis engages current debates—echoing Zeev Sternhell on the importance of ideology, Domenico Settembrini on affinities between Lenin and Mussolini, and De Felice on fascism’s ties to the left. It also acknowledges tensions: critics will still see opportunism where the author insists on evolution, and the very act of repositioning fascism within Marxism provokes political and scholarly unease. Key concepts such as national syndicalism, Michels’ “iron law of oligarchy,” and the idea of heresy as internal transformation provide the vocabulary for tracing this genealogy. For scholars and students alike, the work invites a new map of ideological descent: Marx and Engels through syndicalist intermediaries to Mussolini’s synthesis and the birth of fascism.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1979.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53521374544145,"sku":"NLS9780520370876","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780520370876.jpg?v=1785920118"},{"product_id":"phoenix-book-a-james-gregor-9781138529861","title":"Phoenix","description":"In his treatment of the issues raised by the movements of women for equal rights a century ago, Michels anticipated controversies and conflicts about which people care deeply today. He took a clear position in support of the desirability of equality between the sexes. In consequence, it remains relevant to current debates within feminism over equality and difference and the corresponding challenge to, and feminist critique of, social science arising from the (re) emergence of difference feminism.Sexual Ethics constitutes both an analysis of the woman problem and a document describing the wars between the sexes during this period and an important and overlooked piece of history of the classic sociological tradition. Michels observed that the national and economic conflicts in modern Europe were vast in scale and revealed sharply sensed injustices, and also that sex antagonisms are becoming more acute. He presented an argument, consistent with his theoretical position, about the seriousness of women's rights. Michels' discussions of sexuality, sexual morality, and the relations of the sexes had as its stimulus the new sexual ethic advocated by feminists. He pointed out that true equality required equality of rights to sexual liberty for women or chastity prior to marriage for men.Michels supported premarital chastity for men as an ideal, but he doubted that very many would practice it. Michels was virtually alone in the sociological tradition in seeking to illuminate the struggle for love between men and women by reference to the erotic coquetry in the sexual behavior of lower animals. Despite his stand for equality of men and women in sexual matters, a recurrent theme in Sexual Ethics is that men are sexually more aggressive than women, at least in part due to social structures and cultural traditions. Michels advocated family planning (but opposed abortion) in the interests of marital and family happiness and economic well-being, especially for the poor.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":54217216622865,"sku":"NLS9781138529861","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781138529861.jpg?v=1786754011"}],"url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/en-gb\/collections\/author-books-by-a-james-gregor.oembed?page=2","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}