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Public policies studied include the environment, education, health insurance, welfare payments and entitlements under moral hazard, unemployment insurance, paternalistic impositions, and defence and public safety. This book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses that combine economic theory with a real-world perspective on the politics of public finance and public policy. 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All issues investigated explore the choice between voluntary market decision to earn and spend income versus assignment of responsibility to governments to tax and spend. Areas covered are markets and property, collective benefits, voting on public speaking, market corrections, social justice, political processes and redistribution, taxation, user pricing, public policy for welfare issues, and the question of how much government is needed in the modern state. It is designed for courses in public finance or public economics, with additions given in courses titled political economy.  The basic material in each chapter may be used by students with an elementary understanding of economics. Chapter supplements are designed for upper-level undergraduates. Graduate students will find the text answers fundamental questions addressed in the professional literature. 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Fairness, envy, hyperbolic discounting, and other concepts of behavioral economics are integrated throughout. The consequences of asymmetric information and the tradeoff between efficiency and ex-post equality are recurring themes. Key themes investigated are markets and governments, institutions and governance, public goods, public finance for public goods, market corrections (externalities and paternalist public policies), voting, social justice, entitlements and equality of opportunity, choice of taxation, and the need for government. 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Hillman There has been much economic theorizing directed at providing the politician with guidance in the design of policies that will amend market outcomes in ways that achieve specified efficiency or equity objectives. It has been common practice in economic models to portray the politician who implements the policy recommendations as a mechanistic individual who behaves as would a benevolent dictator to maximize a prespecified conception of social welfare or the utility of a representative consumer. The self-interest and discretion that is attributed to firms and consumers as optimizing agents is absent from the motives of such a politician. Economic policy choice is thereby depoliticized. How well depoliticized economic theory fares in explaining or predicting economic policy choice depends naturally enough upon how politicized is the economic system in which economic and political agents function. 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