{"title":"Hannu Nurmi","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"comparing-voting-systems-book-hannu-nurmi-9789027726001","title":"Comparing Voting Systems","description":"In many contexts of everyday life we find ourselves faced with the problem of reconciling the views of several persons. These problems are usually solved by resorting to some opinion aggre- gating procedure, like voting. Very often the problem is thought of as being solved after the decision to take a vote has been made and the ballots have been counted. Most official decision making bodies have formally instituted procedures of voting but in informal groups such procedures are typically chosen in casu. Curiously enough people do not seem to pay much attention to which particular procedure is being resorted to as long as some kind of voting takes place. As we shall see shortly the procedure being used often makes a great difference to the voting outcomes. Thus, the Question arises as to which voting procedure is best. This book is devoted to a discussion of this problem in the light of various criteria of optimality. We shall deal with a number of procedures that have been proposed for use or are actually in use in voting contexts. The aim of this book is to give an evaluation of the virtues and shortcomings of these procedures. On the basis of this evaluation the reader will hopefully be able to determine which procedure is optimal for the decision setting that he or she has in mind.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126681596177,"sku":"NLS9789027726001","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789027726001.jpg?v=1757477792"},{"product_id":"voting-procedures-under-uncertainty-book-hannu-nurmi-9783540433521","title":"Voting Procedures under Uncertainty","description":"This book deals with how uncertainty can be dealt with in models of voting procedures. Using the recent U.S. presidential elections as an example, it demonstrates the extremely large variation in voter opinions that would have resulted in the same observed outcome. Another case discussed to some extent is the vote in German Bundestag that resulted in the transfer of government and parliament from Bonn to Berlin. Also this vote as well as the 2001 British parliamentary elections exhibit a high degree of procedure dependence of outcomes. It turns out that differences in voting outcomes can be explained by differences in the description of consensus states and ways in measuring preferences distances.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52135036780817,"sku":"NLS9783540433521","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783540433521.jpg?v=1757546723"},{"product_id":"comparing-voting-systems-book-hannu-nurmi-9789401082686","title":"Comparing Voting Systems","description":"In many contexts of everyday life we find ourselves faced with the problem of reconciling the views of several persons. These problems are usually solved by resorting to some opinion aggre- gating procedure, like voting. Very often the problem is thought of as being solved after the decision to take a vote has been made and the ballots have been counted. Most official decision making bodies have formally instituted procedures of voting but in informal groups such procedures are typically chosen in casu. Curiously enough people do not seem to pay much attention to which particular procedure is being resorted to as long as some kind of voting takes place. As we shall see shortly the procedure being used often makes a great difference to the voting outcomes. Thus, the Question arises as to which voting procedure is best. This book is devoted to a discussion of this problem in the light of various criteria of optimality. We shall deal with a number of procedures that have been proposed for use or are actually in use in voting contexts. The aim of this book is to give an evaluation of the virtues and shortcomings of these procedures. On the basis of this evaluation the reader will hopefully be able to determine which procedure is optimal for the decision setting that he or she has in mind.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52141727842577,"sku":"NLS9789401082686","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401082686.jpg?v=1757577986"},{"product_id":"models-of-political-economy-book-hannu-nurmi-9780415327053","title":"Models of Political Economy","description":"Introducing students to the basic methodology of political economics, Hannu Nurmi's text will prove to be invaluable to all those who wish to understand this increasingly technical field. It covers all core theories as well as new developments.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52143121858833,"sku":"NLS9780415327053","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53013828665617,"sku":"NIN9780415327053","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780415327053.jpg?v=1757583067"},{"product_id":"voting-paradoxes-and-how-to-deal-with-them-book-hannu-nurmi-9783540662365","title":"Voting Paradoxes and How to Deal with Them","description":"Voting paradoxes are unpleasant surprises encountered in voting. Typically they suggest that something is wrong with the way in- dividual opinions are being expressed or processed in voting. The outcomes are bizarre, unfair or otherwise implausible, given the expressed opinions of voters. Voting paradoxes have an important role in the history of social choice theory. The founding fathers of the theory, Marquis de Condorcet and Jean-Charles de Borda, were keenly aware of some of them. Indeed, much of the work of these and other forerunners of the modern social choice theory dealt with ways of avoiding paradoxes related to voting. One of the early paradoxes, viz. that bearing the name of Condorcet, has subsequently gained such a prominent place in the literature that it is sometimes called the paradox of voting. One of the aims of the present work is to show that Condorcet's is but one of many paradoxes of voting. Some of these are pretty closely interrelated making it meaningful to classify them. This is the second main aim of this book. The third objective is to suggest ways of dealing with paradoxes. Since voting is and has always been an essential instrument of democratic rule, it is of some in- terest to find out how voting paradoxes are being dealt with by past and present methods of voting. Of even greater interest is to find ways of minimizing the probability of occurrence of various paradoxes. By their very nature some paradoxes are unavoidable.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52410010665233,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52410011189521,"sku":"NLS9783540662365","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783540662365.jpg?v=1758776491"},{"product_id":"voting-procedures-under-uncertainty-book-hannu-nurmi-9783642535000","title":"Voting Procedures under Uncertainty","description":"We live in an uncertain world, is a truism most of us hear more often than we would like. What one usually means to say by this is that we do not know what will happen in the future. Since changes, even major ones, have occurred in the past, it is possible that they will occur again in the future. In politics institutions are ways of coping with continuity and change. In democratic systems the electoral institutions provide ways of peaceful adjustment to changes in popular opinions. This book is about uncertainty as it pertains to electoral institutions. We shall deal with the ways in which analytic models are capable of taking into account voter uncertainty, ignorance and incompetence. We shall also discuss how uncertainty pertains to electoral outcomes. Given voter opinions, there is often a wide variation in the possible electoral outcomes. This could be called procedure-dependence of outcomes. Its existence shows that uncertainty is not something that can characterize only future events. It can pertain to past ones as well. This work is part of the Democracy and Constitution Project of Center for Business and Policy Studies (SNS). The idea of writing a book on the performance of voting procedures under uncertain cir- cumstances came up in my correspondence with Dr. Per Molander of SNS a few years ago.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52428403343633,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52428404130065,"sku":"NLS9783642535000","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642535000.jpg?v=1759164040"},{"product_id":"voting-paradoxes-and-how-to-deal-with-them-book-hannu-nurmi-9783642085512","title":"Voting Paradoxes and How to Deal with Them","description":"Voting paradoxes are unpleasant surprises encountered in voting. Typically they suggest that something is wrong with the way in- dividual opinions are being expressed or processed in voting. The outcomes are bizarre, unfair or otherwise implausible, given the expressed opinions of voters. Voting paradoxes have an important role in the history of social choice theory. The founding fathers of the theory, Marquis de Condorcet and Jean-Charles de Borda, were keenly aware of some of them. Indeed, much of the work of these and other forerunners of the modern social choice theory dealt with ways of avoiding paradoxes related to voting. One of the early paradoxes, viz. that bearing the name of Condorcet, has subsequently gained such a prominent place in the literature that it is sometimes called the paradox of voting. One of the aims of the present work is to show that Condorcet's is but one of many paradoxes of voting. Some of these are pretty closely interrelated making it meaningful to classify them. This is the second main aim of this book. The third objective is to suggest ways of dealing with paradoxes. Since voting is and has always been an essential instrument of democratic rule, it is of some in- terest to find out how voting paradoxes are being dealt with by past and present methods of voting. Of even greater interest is to find ways of minimizing the probability of occurrence of various paradoxes. By their very nature some paradoxes are unavoidable.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"- \/ - \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":52482192408849,"sku":null,"price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52482193686801,"sku":"NLS9783642085512","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9783642085512.jpg?v=1759852842"},{"product_id":"models-of-political-economy-book-hannu-nurmi-9780415327060","title":"Models of Political Economy","description":"Introducing students to the basic methodology of political economics, Hannu Nurmi's text will prove to be invaluable to all those who wish to understand this increasingly technical field. 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