{"title":"Studies In Natural Language And Linguistic Theory","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"contrastiveness-in-information-structure-alternatives-and-scalar-implicatures-book-chungmin-lee-9783319101057","title":"Contrastiveness in Information Structure, Alternatives and Scalar Implicatures","description":"This volume contributes to a major area of research in linguistics of the last decade, and provides novel, state-of-the-art views on some of the central topics in linguistic research, and will appeal to an audience of graduate and advanced undergraduate researchers in linguistics, philosophy of language and computational linguistics.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49799942832401,"sku":"CIN3319101056G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":52500815479057,"sku":"NGR9783319101057","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53522274124049,"sku":"NLS9783319101057","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/3319101056.jpg?v=1751382624"},{"product_id":"essays-on-restrictiveness-and-learnability-book-h-lasnik-9780792306283","title":"Essays on Restrictiveness and Learnability","description":"The articles collected in this book are concerned with the issues of restrictiveness and learnability within generative grammar, specifically, within Chomsky's 'Extended Standard Theory'. These issues have been central to syntactic research for decades and they are even more central now as results on syntactic theory, on learnability, and on acquisition begin to converge. I hope that this book can provide researchers in all of these areas with some insight into the evolution of ideas about these issues. The articles appear in their original form, with the following exceptions: A few typographical and other minor errors have been corrected; bibliog- raphic references have been updated and a unified bibliography provided. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge my vast intellec- tual debt to Noam Chomsky. My research would not have been possible without his work, his advice, and his guidance. Next, I offer deep thanks to Chomsky and my other co-authors represented here: Bob Fiengo, Joe Kupin, Bob Freidin, and Mamoru Saito. I am grateful, indeed, for the opportunity to collaborate with such outstanding linguists, and, more immediately, for their permission to reprint their co-authored articles. I also offer general thanks to the holders of the copyrights of the reprinted material. Specific acknowledgements appear on a separate page.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49800059093265,"sku":"CIN0792306287G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52124471460113,"sku":"NLS9780792306283","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0792306287.jpg?v=1750702304"},{"product_id":"italian-syntax-book-l-burzio-9789027720153","title":"Italian Syntax","description":"In the course of our everyday lives, we generally take our knowledge of language for granted. 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The members of my doctoral committee ? Henry Davis, Rose-Marie Déchaine, Martina Wiltschko ? were instrumental in shaping the content and presentation of this work, and I owe them my gratitude for their considerable input. As my supervisor, Henry gave me great latitude in this project, and his encouragement and enthusiasm made fieldwork all the more exciting. This final product would not have been nearly as strong without the benefit of Rose-Marie’s sharp intuition and critiques, and I appreciate the memories I have of leaving meetings with her feeling absolutely invigorated. Martina always knew all the right questions to ask, and I came to count on her reliable feedback. It was an honour to be a part of the UBC linguistics department, and I thank all its members for their part in creating the lively environment I enjoyed for my years there. 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Final remarks 349 PETER HOHENHAUS: LEXICALIZATI ION AND INSTITUTIONALIZATION TITUTIONALIZATION 353 1. Introduction 353 2. Lexicalization 353 2. 1 LEXICALIZATION IN A DIACHRONIC SENSE 353 2. 2 LEXICALIZATION IN A SYNCHRONIC SENSE: LISTING\/LISTEDNESS 356 2. 3 THE LEXICON AND THEORIESOF WORD-FORMATION 357 3. Institutionalization359 3. 1 TERMINOLOGY 359 3. 2 IDEAL AND REAL SPEAKERS AND THE SPEECH COMMUNITY 360 3. 3 DE-INSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE END OF A WORD’S LIFE 362 4. Problems 363 4. 1 NONCE-FORMATIONS AND NEOLOGISMS 363 4. 2 (NON-)LEXICALIZABILITY 365 4. 3 WHAT IS IN THE (MENTAL) LEXICON AND HOW DOES IT GET THERE? 367 4. 4 UNPREDICTABLE \u0026amp; PLAYFUL FORMATIONS, ANALOGY, FADS, AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS 369 4. 5 LEXICALIZATION BEYOND WORDS 370 ROCHELLE LIEBER: ENGLISH WORD-FORMATION PROCESSES 375 1. Introduction 375 2. Compounding 375 2. 1 DETERMINING WHAT COUNTS AS A COMPOUND 376 2. 2 ROOT COMPOUNDING 378 2. 3 SYNTHETIC COMPOUNDING 379 2. 4 STRUCTURE AND INTERPRETATION 379 3. 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The increasing research and study activities have also resulted in a number of national and international conferences, including the North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACL), which has been held annually in the United States; the International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics (IsCL), which has had its fourth meeting since it was launched by Academia Sinica in Taiwan in 1990; the International Association of Chinese Linguistics (lACL), created in Singapore in 1992 and now incorporated in Irvine, California, which has held its annual meetings at major institutions in Asia, Europe, and the US.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52089146704145,"sku":"NLS9780792338673","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792338673.jpg?v=1756905957"},{"product_id":"dynamic-antisymmetry-and-the-syntax-of-noun-incorporation-book-michael-barrie-9789400736566","title":"Dynamic Antisymmetry and the Syntax of Noun Incorporation","description":"This innovative analysis of noun incorporation and related linguistic phenomena does more than just give readers an insightful exploration of its subject. The author re-evaluates—and forges links between—two influential theories of phrase structure: Chomsky’s Bare Phrase Structure and Richard Kayne’s Antisymmetry. The text details how the two linguistic paradigms interact to cause differing patterns of noun incorporation across world languages. With a solid empirical foundation in its close reading of Northern Iroquoian languages especially, Barrie argues that noun incorporation needs no special mechanism, but results from a symmetry-breaking operation.     Drawing additional data from English, German, Persian, Tamil and the Polynesian language Niuean, this synthesis has major implications for our understanding of the formation of the verbal complex and the intra-position (roll-up) movement. It will be priority reading for students of phrase structure, as well as Iroquoian language scholars.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52120818876689,"sku":"NLS9789400736566","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789400736566.jpg?v=1757427419"},{"product_id":"null-subject-parameter-book-m-jaeggli-9781556080876","title":"The Null Subject Parameter","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121488687377,"sku":"NLS9781556080876","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781556080876.jpg?v=1757431277"},{"product_id":"essays-on-anaphora-book-h-lasnik-9781556080913","title":"Essays on Anaphora","description":"The articles collected in this book are concerned with the treatment of anaphora within generative grammar, specifically, within Chomsky's 'Ex- tended Standard Theory' (EST). Since the inception of this theory, and virtually since the inception of generative grammar, anaphora has been a central topic of investigation. In current research, it has, perhaps, become even more central, as a major focus of study in such areas as syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, and language acquisition. Beginning in the early 1970's, and continuing to the present, Chomsky has developed a comprehensive syntactic theory of anaphora. The articles here are all related to stages in the development of that theory, and can best be understood in relation to that development. For that reason, Chapter 1 presents a historical survey of Chomsky's EST proposals on anaphora, along with brief indications of how the present articles fit into that history. Some of the articles here (e.g. Chapters 4, 8, and 9) proposed extensions of Chomsky's basic ideas to a wider range of phenomena.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121493078289,"sku":"NLS9781556080913","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781556080913.jpg?v=1757431329"},{"product_id":"phrase-structure-and-the-lexicon-book-j-rooryck-9780792337454","title":"Phrase Structure and the Lexicon","description":"V, ThemelPatients to the lowest specifier of V', and Agents to a position outside the minimal VP. Again, thematic information is encoded in terms of configurational properties. Addressing the issue of phrase structure in another domain, Margaret Speas investigates the status of null pronominal objects in Navajo. Following Rizzi (1986), she assumes that null pronouns must meet both a licensing and an identification condition. More specifically, she demonstrates that distributional restrictions on null pronominal objects in Navajo can be explained if it is assumed that null objects obey the identification condition expressed by the Generalized Control Rule of Huang (1984). Distinguishing three types of null objects, she argues that relevant licensing condition on two subtypes of null objects involves rich agreement. However, it appears that there are languages lacking rich agreement but with pro in object position. Speas accounts for these phenomena by a rule of economy of projection. A second series of papers is concerned with the way in which functional categories derive aspects of sentential interpretation. Three issues in this research program are investigated here: external arguments as arguments of functional projections (Kratzer), the specificity interpretation of clitics (Sportiche), and the interpretation of tense (Stowell). In all three cases, phrase structure is put to use to derive interpretive effects. Angelika Kratzer proposes that external arguments are not part of the verb.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121599803665,"sku":"NLS9780792337454","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792337454.jpg?v=1757432600"},{"product_id":"verbs-and-diachronic-syntax-book-ig-roberts-9780792324959","title":"Verbs and Diachronic Syntax","description":"This book combines several strands of my work, both individually and in collaboration with various people, over the last couple of years. To a very large extent, I have been inspired by the many talks, classes, appointments and other interactions that took place in the exciting intellectual environ- ment that grew up among the linguists working in Geneva in the period 1989-90. It is impossible to mention by name everyone who influenced the devel- opment of this material, but I'd particularly like to thank the students in my class 'linguistique diachronique' during that period, who had to suffer through preliminary versions of much of this book, and often seemed to understand what I was getting at better than I did. Luigi Rizzi did more than anyone else to create the unique atmosphere here in the last couple of years, and so he deserves our gratitude for that; he was also my collaborator on the synchronic work on French inversion that inspired much of this book; he also read the whole manuscript in draft form and gave detailed comments; he is also, as anyone working in current comparative syntax knows, a wellspring of knowledge, ideas and inspiration. Maria-Teresa Guasti also read the entire manuscript and gave me invaluable comments. Sten Vikner was a great help, for much more than just Danish data. Special thanks also to Adriana Belletti, Anna Cardinaletti, Liliane Haegeman and Cecilia Poletto.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121634799889,"sku":"NLS9780792324959","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792324959.jpg?v=1757433068"},{"product_id":"aspectual-inquiries-book-paula-kempchinsky-9781402030321","title":"Aspectual Inquiries","description":"A number of the papers examine the syntactic representation of lexical or situation aspect, while others focus on the syntactic interaction of lexical aspect with grammatical aspect, and of grammatical aspect and tense.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52121775210769,"sku":"NLS9781402030321","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402030321.jpg?v=1757434612"},{"product_id":"role-of-case-in-russian-syntax-book-c-neidle-9781556080425","title":"The Role of Case in Russian Syntax","description":"This manuscript is a revision of my 1982 MIT dissertation of the same name. A previous version of sections of chapters 1 and 5 appeared as 'Case Agreement in Russian', in The Mental Representation of Gram- matical Relations, edited by Joan Bresnan, MIT Press, 1983. I am grateful to MIT Press for permission to reproduce parts of that article here. I would like to express my appreciation to Catherine V. Chvany, who has read several versions of this manuscript over the years, and provided encouragement and invaluable comments. Thanks go also to Johanna Nichols whose careful reading and useful suggestions have improved the book. I am also deeply grateful to Joan Bresnan, Ken Hale, Morris Halle, Beth Levin, and Jane Simpson for helpful discussions of the material contained herein. For sharing their native intuitions, special thanks go to Alina Israeli, Boris Katz, and Evgenij Pinsky, and to Liza Chernyak, Volodja Gitin, Victoria Koff, Larissa Levin, Victoria Schiller, and Elena Semeka-Pankra- tova. Joyce Friedman, Beth Levin, and Jane Simpson kindly provided assistance with bibliographical references and proofreading. This manuscript was prepared using the computer facilities at Boston University, and lowe a large debt of gratitude to the following people for providing access to equipment and technical assistance: William H. Henneman, Philip Budne, Barry Shein, and Paul Blanchard. IX INTRODUCTION The study of case, once primarily of interest to philologists, has only recently begun to receive the attention it deserves from syntacticians.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52123727298833,"sku":"NLS9781556080425","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781556080425.jpg?v=1757452564"},{"product_id":"differential-subject-marking-book-helen-de-hoop-9781402064982","title":"Differential Subject Marking","description":"Not all sentences encode their subjects in the same way. Some languages overtly mark some subjects depending on certain features of the subject argument or the sentence in which the subject figures.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52124103868689,"sku":"NLS9781402064982","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":53495278174481,"sku":"NIN9781402064982","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402064982.jpg?v=1757455477"},{"product_id":"time-and-modality-book-jacqueline-lecarme-9781402083532","title":"Time and Modality","description":"The papers in this volume were ?rstpresented at the International Round Table Time and Modality held in Paris in December of 2005 and organized by the Jeune ' Equipe B 368 Syntaxe anglaise et syntaxe comparative (Universite ' Paris3-Sorbonne Nouvelle) and by the Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (Centre National dela Recherche Scienti?que (CNRS) and UniversiteP ' aris 7). We wish to thank the institutions that provided ?nancial support for the Round Table: the CNRS, the Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle,the Conseil Sci- ti?que(Universite 's Paris3 and Paris 7) and the Bureaudes Relations Internationales (UniversiteP ' aris3). vii Contents Preface ...vii Contributors ...xv Introduction ...1 1Tense ...2 2Aspect ...3 2. 1 Perfectand Perfectivity ...3 2. 2 Eventuality Type ...4 3 Modals and Modal Verbs ...5 3. 1 Subject\/Speaker Orientation ...5 3. 2 The Temporal Location of Modal Verbs ...6 3. 3 The Temporal\/Causal Function of Modal Verbs ...7 3. 4 The Temporal Syntax of Non-Root Modals ...8 3. 5 Weak Necessity Modals ...9 4 The Role of Past Morphology in Modal Contexts ...9 5 The Subjunctive ...10 6 Genericity ...11 7Copular Clauses ...11 8Conclusions and Open Problems...1 2 References ...14 Patterns in the Semantics of Generic Sentences ...17 Greg Carlson 1 The Setting ...17 2TheIssues ...18 3 Induction and Stipulation ...22 3. 1 Rules and Induction ...22 3. 2 What do Generic Sentencesdo? ...23 3. 3 Inductive Generalizations Again ...24 ix x Contents 4 Patterns ...25 4. 1 Patterns and Non-Patterns ...25 4. 2 Generic Sentences ...27 4. 3 Restriction ...","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52124751823121,"sku":"NLS9781402083532","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52748785516817,"sku":"NIN9781402083532","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402083532.jpg?v=1757458824"},{"product_id":"order-and-constituency-in-mandarin-chinese-book-audrey-li-yen-hui-9789401073479","title":"Order and Constituency in Mandarin Chinese","description":"Recent developments in generative grammar have been very stimulating. The current theory defines a small set of principles that apply to all human languages. Efforts have been made to demonstrate the adequacy of this theory for a wide range of languages. We thus see an interesting interface of theory and empirical data: the study of natural languages contributes to defining the properties of Universal Grammar and the predictions of the theory help in uncovering generalizations regarding natural languages. This book aims to add to this exciting development by showing how the analysis of Mandarin Chinese constituent structures helps to define Case Theory and how interesting generalizations concerning Chinese grammar are uncovered through verification of the theoretical predictions. Starting from the inadequacy of work by Koopman, Li, and Travis on the effect of Case directionality on word order, the book shows that a detailed study of Chinese constituent structures allows us to reduce the phrase structure component to a minimal statement concerning the position of the head in a given phrase. It argues that in a given language the constituent structures can be adequately captured by the interaction of Case Theory, Theta Theory, Government Theory, and X Theory. Long- standing controversies concerning Chinese basic word order are resolved by showing that underlying word order generalizations can differ from surface word order generalizations.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52124777087249,"sku":"NLS9789401073479","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401073479.jpg?v=1757459090"},{"product_id":"morphosyntax-of-verb-movement-book-j-w-zwart-9780792342649","title":"Morphosyntax of Verb Movement","description":"Morphosyntax of Verb Movement discusses the phenomenon of  Dutch, present in many Germanic languages, that the finite verb is  fronted in main clauses but not in embedded clauses. The theoretical  framework adopted is the so-called Minimalist Program of Chomsky  (1995), the latest developmental stage of generative grammar. Taking  issue with previous analyses, the author argues that phrase structure  in Dutch is uniformly head initial, and that the finite verb moves to  different positions in subject initial main clauses and in inversion  constructions.    The book contains lucid and detailed discussion of many theoretical  issues in connection with the Minimalist Program, such as the relation  between syntax and morphology, the nature of syntactic licensing, and  the structure of the functional domain. At the same time, it offers a  survey of the properties of Dutch syntax, a discussion of previous  analyses of Dutch syntax and a wealth of material from dialects of  Dutch and other Germanic languages.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52125066035473,"sku":"NLS9780792342649","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792342649.jpg?v=1757461710"},{"product_id":"structure-of-coordination-book-j-camacho-9781402015106","title":"The Structure of Coordination","description":"This book analyzes the structure of coordination from two perspectives: the symmetrical properties the construction imposes on its conjuncts, and how conjuncts interact with other categories outside coordination with respect to agreement and other grammatical phenomena. A substantial amount of data represented in this book are taken from varieties of Spanish. Unlike English, Spanish has a rich pattern of overt agreement between the subject and the verb, between nouns and adjectives, and also between clitics and lexical DP objects and indirect objects. Spanish agreement paradigms reveal very interesting patterns of agreement mismatch that provide important theoretical insights. Unless otherwise specified, it can be assumed that non-English examples are from Spanish. IX CHAPTER #1 INTRODUCTION Although coordination has figured more or less steadily in the Generative tradition beginning with Chornsky's (1957) Conjunction Transformation (later known as Conjunction Reduction), until recently, the two prevailing areas of research had been ellipsis (see, for example, Van Oirsouw 1987) and the semantic interpretation of conjuncts.' The internal structure of coordination was usually left unanalyzed, or assumed to be ternary branching, as in (I).","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52125515088145,"sku":"NLS9781402015106","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402015106.jpg?v=1757466070"},{"product_id":"syntax-phonology-interface-in-focus-and-topic-constructions-in-italian-book-m-frascarelli-9780792362401","title":"The Syntax-Phonology Interface in Focus and Topic Constructions in Italian","description":"Represents a case study in the study of the prosody and syntax interactions.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52125726638353,"sku":"NLS9780792362401","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792362401.jpg?v=1757468030"},{"product_id":"aspectual-inquiries-book-paula-kempchinsky-9781402030352","title":"Aspectual Inquiries","description":"A number of the papers examine the syntactic representation of lexical or situation aspect, while others focus on the syntactic interaction of lexical aspect with grammatical aspect, and of grammatical aspect and tense.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52125831725329,"sku":"NLS9781402030352","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402030352.jpg?v=1757469039"},{"product_id":"directionality-and-logical-form-book-josef-bayer-9780792337522","title":"Directionality and Logical Form","description":"The derivation of  logical forms is shown to be under the control, not only of the ECP  and subjacency, but also of directionality of government and the  particular word-order parameter that holds in a given language:  head-final languages systematically disallow certain derivations or  readings that are available in head-initial languages.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52125962666257,"sku":"NLS9780792337522","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792337522.jpg?v=1757470301"},{"product_id":"subject-clitics-in-the-northern-italian-dialects-book-cecilia-goria-9781402027376","title":"Subject Clitics in the Northern Italian Dialects","description":"1. 0 INTRODUCTION This book provides an encompassing analysis of Subject Clitics (SCLs) by giving a detailed description of these elements in two varieties of Piedmontese, a Northern Italian Dialect: Astigiano and Turinese spoken in the areas of Asti and Turin respectively. It accounts for the structural position and function of these elements inside the computational system and for their morphological and distributional properties. It also provides an empirical and theoretical comparison between Piedmontese SCLs and SCLs in other Northern Italian Dialects (NIDs). of SCLs types in the NIDs have been regarded as Since the 1980s, the majority elements of agreement, in that they contribute to the realisation of subject verb agreement by expressing features of the subject similar, in a way, to verbal inflection. Nonetheless, SCLs are not to be assimilated to verbal affixes as they exhibit different properties. Most distinctively, they can be separated from the verb by other clitic elements and, in the case of the varieties considered here, SCLs are optional in all contexts and may be omitted in coordination. A more refined identification of SCLs separates SCLs which encode agreement features from those which do not and are related to pragmatic factors, as originally observed by Beninca (1994) with respect to the clitic a in Paduano The different morphological and syntactic properties that characterise SCLs across the NIDs have justified numerous accounts which regard them as head of their own projection.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126247518481,"sku":"NLS9781402027376","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402027376.jpg?v=1757474814"},{"product_id":"representation-and-derivation-in-the-theory-of-grammar-book-h-haider-9780792311508","title":"Representation and Derivation in the Theory of Grammar","description":"Derivation or Representation? Hubert Haider \u0026amp; Klaus Netter 1 The Issue Derivation and Representation - these keywords refer both to a conceptual as well as to an empirical issue. Transformational grammar was in its outset (Chomsky 1957, 1975) a derivational theory which characterized a well-formed sentence by its derivation, i.e. a set of syntactic representations defined by a set of rules that map one representation into another. The set of mapping­ rules, the transformations, eventually became more and more abstract and were trivialized into a single one, namely \"move a\" , a general movement-rule. The constraints on movement were singled out in systems of principles that ap­ ply to the resulting representations, i.e. the configurations containing a moved element and its extraction site, the trace. The introduction of trace-theory (d. Chomsky 1977, ch.3 §17, ch. 4) in principle opened up the possibility of com­ pletely abandoning movement and generating the possible outputs of movement directly, i.e. as structures that contain gaps representing the extraction sites.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126289101073,"sku":"NLS9780792311508","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792311508.jpg?v=1757475067"},{"product_id":"phrase-structure-in-natural-language-book-mj-speas-9780792308669","title":"Phrase Structure in Natural Language","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126418796817,"sku":"NLS9780792308669","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792308669.jpg?v=1757476090"},{"product_id":"verb-phrase-syntax-a-parametric-study-of-english-and-spanish-book-karen-zagona-9789401077248","title":"Verb Phrase Syntax: A Parametric Study of English and Spanish","description":"This study is concerned with the structure of verb phrases in English and Spanish, and with syntactic processes involving VP and Vo. A primary focus of attention is auxiliary verbs. It is argued that the structure dominating these verbs is essentially the same in English and Spanish, as is the structure dominating auxiliaries and 'main' verbs in each language. It must be concluded that the occurrence of distinct syntactic processes affecting auxiliaries and other VP constituents in the two languages does not follow from parametrization of phrase structure. It is argued that similarities between the two languages with respect to the composition of so-called \"V*\" constructions derive from the fact that VP is licensed under both clauses of the Principle of Full Interpretation, i. e. , predication and sub categorization. Distinct syntactic processes in English and Spanish are argued to follow from the fact that there are inflectional features related to each of these licensing conditions (including specification for [ ± PAST) and nominal person\/number features) which affect government relations in distinct ways, resulting in parametrization of S-structure representa­ tions. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreCiatIOn to the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Washington for support for preparation of the final manuscript, and to the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese at the University of Virginia for a leave during which much of this research was accomplished.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126523621649,"sku":"NLS9789401077248","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401077248.jpg?v=1757476719"},{"product_id":"universals-of-language-today-book-sergio-scalise-9781402088247","title":"Universals of Language Today","description":"This book collects the contributions presented at the international congress held at the University of Bologna in January 2007, where leading scholars of different persuasions and interests offered an up-to-date overview of the current status of the research on linguistic universals. The papers that make up the volume deal with both theoretical and empirical issues, and range over various domains, covering not only morphology and syntax, which were the major focus of Greenberg's seminal work, but also phonology and semantics, as well as diachrony and second language acquisition. Diverse perspectives illustrate and discuss a huge number of phenomena from a wide variety of languages, not only exploring the way research on universals - tersects with different subareas of linguistics, but also contributing to the ongoing debate between functional and formal approaches to explaining the universals of language. This stimulating reading for scientists, researchers and postgraduate students in linguistics shows how different, but not irreconcilable, modes of explanation can complement each other, both offering fresh insights into the investigation of unity and diversity in languages, and pointing to exciting areas for future research. - A fresh and up-to-date survey of the present state of research on Universals of Language in an international context, with original contributions from leading specialists in the eld. - First-hand accounts of substantive ndings and theoretical observations in diff- ent subareas of linguistics. - Huge number of linguistic phenomena and data from diffferent languages a- lyzed and discussed in detail.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126557274385,"sku":"NLS9781402088247","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781402088247.jpg?v=1757476938"},{"product_id":"comparative-study-of-lake-iroquoian-accent-book-ke-michelson-9789401077217","title":"A Comparative Study of Lake-Iroquoian Accent","description":"This work is based on my 1983 doctoral dissertation submitted to the Department of Linguistics at Harvard University, although it represents an extensive revision and reorganization of that work. Large amounts of material that were not contained in the original have been added, and parts that address theoretical issues that, at least for the time being, have receded into the background, have been omitted. Many colleagues and friends have contributed to my sustained fascina- tion with as well as my understanding of lroquoian linguistics. First of all, I am grateful to the Iroquois who have contributed their profound knowl- edge and their friendship during my research: Elda Antone, Mercy Doxtator, Dayton Doxtator, Reg Henry, Frank Natawe, the late Georgina Nicholas, Catherine Norton, Mike Norton. the late Sanford Schenandoah, and Norma Sickles. I also deeply appreciate being part of a close-knit and supportive community of lroquoian linguists, and in particular I thank Cliff Abbott, Wallace Chafe, Mike Foster, Marianne Mithun, and Hanni Woodbury for providing comments on the dissertation. I have also benefited from, and value highly, extremely stimulating conversations with Floyd Lounsbury in the last few years. The influence of my advisers and friends will be evident throughout the work. I thank especially Nick Clements, Ives Goddard, Jochem Schindler, Robin Barr, Harry Bochner, Brian Doherty, Mark Hale, and Phil LeSourd.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126907171089,"sku":"NLS9789401077217","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9789401077217.jpg?v=1757481161"},{"product_id":"mixed-categories-book-c-lefebvre-9781556080500","title":"Mixed Categories","description":"Our book on nominalizations in Quechua summarizes the work we have carried out on. this language over the last ten years. We are happy to offer it as a contribution to linguistic theory. For their interest, friendship and patience, we thank the numerous Quechua speakers who gave us access to their language, making it possible for us to reach an understanding of it which led us to writing this book. More specifically we would like to thank our Cuzco informants who contributed directly in the estab- lishment of the data base on which our analyses are built: Angelica and Justo Leon Baca, Evaristo Vasquez, Felix Mamani, Jose Rodriguez, Lita Cancino Chac6n, Mercedes Ordonez Calder6n, Carlos Quispe Centeno. We want to thank students and colleagues in Amherst, Amsterdam, Cam- bridge, Lima, Montreal, and Tilburg for fruitful discussions on several of the issues raised in this book; particularly, Hans den Besten, Reineke Bok-Bennema, Dan Finer, Anneke Groos, Ken Hale, Simon van de Kerke, Jaklin Kornfilt, James Pustejovsky, Felix Quesada, Henk van Riemsdijk, Tom Roeper, Gustavo Solis, Edwin Williams and the students of the seminar on nominalizations (UQAM, Fall 1983).","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52126955176209,"sku":"NLS9781556080500","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9781556080500.jpg?v=1757481455"},{"product_id":"essays-on-anaphora-book-h-lasnik-9781556080906","title":"Essays on Anaphora","description":"The articles collected in this book are concerned with the treatment of anaphora within generative grammar, specifically, within Chomsky's 'Ex- tended Standard Theory' (EST). 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Taking  issue with previous analyses, the author argues that phrase structure  in Dutch is uniformly head initial, and that the finite verb moves to  different positions in subject initial main clauses and in inversion  constructions.    The book contains lucid and detailed discussion of many theoretical  issues in connection with the Minimalist Program, such as the relation  between syntax and morphology, the nature of syntactic licensing, and  the structure of the functional domain. 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In the pursuit of these aims, the study of various languages of the Romance family has provided a rich source of material for the develop- ment of the descriptive apparatus. Evidence of the contribution supplied by such work is apparent in references to Romance material in Chomsky (1981, 1982), in volumes such as Jaeggli (1982), Rizzi (1982a), Kayne (1984b), Burzio (1986), and in numerous papers devoted to particular constructions in a variety of Romance languages.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52128429408529,"sku":"NLS9780792304333","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/9780792304333.jpg?v=1757490964"},{"product_id":"issues-in-the-structure-of-arabic-clauses-and-words-book-a-fassi-fehri-9780792320821","title":"Issues in the Structure of Arabic Clauses and Words","description":"This study has a twofold goal. 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Arguments can be left syntacti- cally unexpressed (i.e. SA is a null argument language). SA is an agreement language, with a rich and complex agreement system interacting with word order, pronominal incorporation, and expletive structures. It also has a productive morphological case system. Tense, Aspect, Modal, and Negation properties interact in intriguing ways. Finally, SA's DP system exhibits interesting complementary distributions between overt determiners, genitive complements, and possessive markers. 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The hardest thing about doing a project of this size is to accept that not everyone's ideas can be addressed and not all new research can be incorporated. The only way that I have found it possible to let this book go to press is to reread the Preface to Events in the Semantics of English by Terence Parsons where he writes, ''The goal of this book is neither completeness nor complete accuracy; it is to get some interesting proposals into the public arena for others to criticize, develop, and build on. '' My aim in this book is to make connections between various accounts of various constructions in various languages at the risk of treating each of these too lightly. 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Since thattime, there have been two major theoretical developments that bear directly on the analysesoriginallydevelopedin the dissertation. These aretheinceptionof the 'Minimalist Program' of Chomsky (1992, 1993), and the recent 'Antisymmetry' proposals presented in Kayne (1993). Taken in conjunction with the many criticisms and suggestions ofreviewers, these proposals have prompted significant revisions ofthe earlier work:. Every chapter has been substantially revised, the introductory chapter has been replaced, and Chapters 2, 3 and 5 offer completely new analyses of the originalmaterial. The book comprises a set of theoretical studies of aspects of Modern Irish syntax. I have tried to present a coherent and consistent treatmentof the Irishfacts; abookin which the particularsofIrish syntax- which are in many cases quiteeccentric from an Englishperspective- are shown to inform more general theoreticalissues. 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