{"title":"Israel M Kirzner","description":"\u003cp\u003eDelve into the insightful world of Israel M. Kirzner, a leading voice in Austrian economics. Explore entrepreneurship, market processes, and the dynamics of economic discovery in his influential works.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"economic-point-of-view-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865977341","title":"Economic Point of View","description":"The inaugural volume in Liberty Fund's new Collected Works of Israel M Kirzner series, \"The Economic Point of View\" contains Kirzner's 1960 doctoral dissertation under Ludwig von Mises, a work that established Kirzner as a careful and meticulous scholar of economics.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ LIKE_NEW \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49567473271057,"sku":"GOR013678561","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50366354850065,"sku":"CIN0865977348G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0865977348.jpg?v=1750850448"},{"product_id":"prime-mover-of-progress-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780255361293","title":"Prime Mover of Progress","description":null,"brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49579519312145,"sku":"GOR006063998","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0255361297.jpg?v=1751258786"},{"product_id":"how-markets-work-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780255364041","title":"How Markets Work","description":"In the space of barely more than five years, with the publication of four pathbreaking books, Slavoj Zizek has earned the reputation of being one of the most arresting, insightful, and scandalous thinkers in recent memory. Perhaps more than any other single author, his writings have constituted the most compelling evidence available for recognizing Jacques Lacan as the preemient philosopher of our time. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eIn \u003ci\u003eTarrying with the Negative\u003c\/i\u003e, Zizek challenges the contemporary critique of ideology, and in doing so opens the way for a new understanding of social conflict, particularly the recent outbursts of nationalism and ethnic struggle. Are we, Zizek asks, confined to a postmodern universe in which truth is reduced to the contingent effect of various discursive practices and where our subjectivity is dispersed through a multitude of ideological positions? \u003ci\u003eNo\u003c\/i\u003e is his answer, and the way out is a return to philosophy. This revisit to German Idealism allows Zizek to recast the critique of ideology as a tool for disclosing the dynamic of our society, a crucial aspect of which is the debate over nationalism, particularly as it has developed in the Balkans--Zizek's home. He brings the debate over nationalism into the sphere of contemporary cultural politics, breaking the impasse centered on nationalisms simultaneously fascistic and anticolonial aspirations. Provocatively, Zizek argues that what drives nationalistic and ethnic antagonism is a collectively driven refusal of our own enjoyment. \u003cp\u003e\u003c\/p\u003eUsing examples from popular culture and high theory to illuminate each other--opera, film noir, capitalist universalism, religious and ethnic fundamentalism--this work testifies to the fact that, far more radically than the postmodern sophists, Kant and Hegel are our contemporaries.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49632056115473,"sku":"GOR001905111","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49675534991633,"sku":"GOR006986950","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52475515044113,"sku":"NLS9780255364041","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0255364040.jpg?v=1750974048"},{"product_id":"competition-entrepreneurship-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865978461","title":"Competition \u0026 Entrepreneurship","description":"Competition and Entrepreneurship defines Israel M. Kirzner's unique contribution to the economics profession. Pointing out the shortcomings of the traditional microeconomic model, Kirzner offers an alternative and complementary view, which illuminates and enriches the way economists think of the market process. Recognizing that economics cannot explain sheer novelty and ultimately social change by referring only to productive factors already in use, Kirzner develops a theory of the market process that focuses on the role of the pure entrepreneurial element in human action. This leads him to reconstruct the theory of price in order to understand, as he puts it, \"how the decisions of individual participants in the market interact to generate the market forces which compel changes in prices, outputs, and methods of production and in the allocation of resources.\" In doing so, Kirzner offers a new appraisal of competition moving the entrepreneurial function back to center stage, thereby shedding new light on issues such as monopoly pricing, cartels, and pure profit. No other economist in recent times has been so closely identified with the Austrian School of economics as Kirzner. A leader of the generation of Austrian economists after Ludwig von Mises and F. A. Hayek, Kirzner has been recognized as one of the minds behind the revival of entrepreneurship and market process theory in the twentieth century.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49632443367697,"sku":"GOR013262668","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49790900633873,"sku":"CIN0865978468G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50260578861329,"sku":"CIN0865978468VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51009047429393,"sku":"NIN9780865978461","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0865978468.jpg?v=1751171511"},{"product_id":"austrian-subjectivism-the-emergence-of-entrepreneurship-theory-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865978591","title":"Austrian Subjectivism \u0026 the Emergence of Entrepreneurship Theory","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eAustrian Subjectivism and the Emergence of Entrepreneurship Theory\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e comprises several of Kirzner's previously published papers on the subjects of methodological subjectivism and the history of entrepreneurship theory--topics of primary importance in Kirzner's economic thought because one cannot fully understand entrepreneurship theory without considering subjectivism.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe volume includes Kirzner's seminal paper Methodological Individualism, Market Equilibrium, and Market Process, in which Kirzner conceptualized the role of the entrepreneurial function in the market process for the first time in his work. According to the editors, that paper opened the door to Kirzner's research on the market process, leading six years later to the publication of \u003ci\u003eCompetition and Entrepreneurship.\u003c\/i\u003e In doing so, it paved the way to the modern Austrian theory of the market process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIsrael M. Kirzner\u003c\/b\u003e is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter J. Boettke\u003c\/b\u003e is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the B\u0026amp;T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFr d ric Sautet\u003c\/b\u003e is an economist and a specialist in Austrian market process theory. He has taught at The Catholic University of America, George Mason University, New York University, and the University of Paris Dauphine.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49724122235153,"sku":"CIN086597859XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":52626038063377,"sku":"CIN086597859XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/086597859X.jpg?v=1751395757"},{"product_id":"ludwig-von-mises-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865978645","title":"Ludwig von Mises","description":"Ludwig von Mises: The Man and His Economics is a collection of Israel M. Kirzners work regarding his mentor, including a monograph on Mises and his work as well as several articles detailing how he impacted the world of economics. Kirzner showcases Mises as not only a man with a sparkling, fresh, fundamentally new interpretation of the tenets espoused by the Austrian school of economics, but also as Kirzners mentor and academic compatriot. To this end, Kirzners essays on Mises elucidate the work of both men and convey Misess ideas with unparalleled brilliance. For Kirzner, Mises is a man with a mission: to reignite economists search for truth. It was this mission that led both Mises and Kirzner to champion economic science and its teachingi.e., the unhampered market and the system of free enterprisein response to the encroaching philosophical and economic shadow of socialism. As Kirzner put it, Mises saw the denial of economics as an alarming threat to a free society and to Western civilization. It is economics that is able to demonstrate the social advantages of the unhampered market. Misess work was fundamental in reviving classical-liberal ideas in Europe and the United States. He resurrected inquiry into the importance of entrepreneurial function and the science of human action at a time when many economists were turning away from it. Misess economics offers ammunition to those who understand that humans are ultimately made to live with freedom and dignity.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":49732963729681,"sku":"NGR9780865978645","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50366377623825,"sku":"CIN0865978646G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51008861864209,"sku":"NIN9780865978645","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0865978646.jpg?v=1751298015"},{"product_id":"essence-of-entrepreneurship-and-the-nature-and-significance-of-market-process-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865978676","title":"The Essence of Entrepreneurship and the Nature and Significance of Market Process","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Essence of Entrepreneurship and the Nature and Significance of Market Process\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e is a continuation of the discourse started in Kirzner's earlier work, \u003ci\u003eCompetition and Entrepreneurship, \u003c\/i\u003e expanding upon his ideas about entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial alertness. \u003ci\u003eEssence\u003c\/i\u003e presents most of the detailed research Kirzner has done on the nature of entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial process in the decades following the publication of his magnum opus. It is during that long period that Kirzner elaborated his approach further, responding to objections and critics, and offering the world a more systematic understanding of the concept of market process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the words of the volume editors and in contrast with traditional microeconomics, Kirzner's view of the entrepreneurial function in the market process consists primarily in liberating human choice from its deterministic structure by introducing alertness. Alertness to unexploited gains from trade sets the market process in motion. Hence, Kirzner holds a unique place among authors on entrepreneurship theory because of the way he focuses on the essence of the phenomenon at stake and its importance in the market process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Kirzner's essays, \u003ci\u003eEssence\u003c\/i\u003e contains several critiques of Kirzner's work centered on the topics of entrepreneurship, market process, and supply and demand. Kirzner's response to each of these critiques shows that he welcomes criticism as an opportunity to crystallize and sharpen the difference between the normative views he espouses and contemporary economic theory. The painstaking precision with which Kirzner defends his position shows why his work has become such a staple of Austrian economic thought.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIsrael M. Kirzner\u003c\/b\u003e is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter J. Boettke\u003c\/b\u003e is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the BB\u0026amp;T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center. His publications include \u003ci\u003eLiving Economics, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Handbook of Contemporary Austrian Economics, \u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics.\u003c\/i\u003e He has been the editor of \u003ci\u003eThe Review of Austrian Economics\u003c\/i\u003e since 1998.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFr d ric Sautet\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor at The Catholic University of America, Tim Busch School of Business and Economics. He is a specialist in Austrian market process theory and teaches entrepreneurship studies. 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Kirzner's intellectual interest and theories go beyond market process and entrepreneurship: they encompass several important topics that are vital to the existence of human societies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eKirzner's work, at heart, is not prescriptive but analytical. His work is not about casting unsubstantiated judgments on modern economics or spouting a blind return to laissez-faire; instead, Kirzner starts with examining how markets function, working from the ground up. From these foundations, he is able to explore a variety of domains, such as the nature of economics, the economics of welfare and policy, and even ethical issues. In the words of the volume editors, Kirzner contends that in order to make ethical judgments about a social system, one must first understand the science behind it. In other words, having good knowledge of the principles that govern markets is a prerequisite for ethical statements about them. It is only through a clear grasp of the fundamental concepts of economic science, such as profit, interest, and entrepreneurship, that one can make true statements about welfare economics, the morality of market transactions, and policy issues.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe tools that Kirzner developed in his work can be applied to many areas of inquiry. From the impact of governmental regulation on the entrepreneurial discovery process to the role of institutions in sustaining prosperity, Kirzner's work shows that the free market is a necessary element in maintaining social harmony and bringing stability to our constantly changing world.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIsrael M. Kirzner\u003c\/b\u003e is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter J. Boettke\u003c\/b\u003e is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the B\u0026amp;T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center. His publications include \u003ci\u003eLiving Economics, \u003c\/i\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe Handbook of Contemporary Austrian Economics, \u003c\/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eThe Elgar Companion to Austrian Economics.\u003c\/i\u003e He has been the editor of \u003ci\u003eThe Review of Austrian Economics\u003c\/i\u003e since 1998.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFr d ric Sautet\u003c\/b\u003e is Associate Professor at The Catholic University of America, Tim Busch School of Business and Economics. He is a specialist in Austrian market process theory and teaches entrepreneurship studies. He is the author of \u003ci\u003eAn Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm\u003c\/i\u003e and has published widely on entrepreneurship.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":49937400496401,"sku":"CIN0865978697VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50363529396497,"sku":"CIN0865978697G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":50924550717713,"sku":"NGR9780865978690","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":52952054104337,"sku":"NIN9780865978690","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0865978697.jpg?v=1751265528"},{"product_id":"economic-point-of-view-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865977334","title":"Economic Point of View","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe inaugural volume in Liberty Fund's new Collected Works of Israel M. Kirzner series established Kirzner as a careful and meticulous scholar of economics. No other living economist is so closely associated with the Austrian school of economics as Israel M. Kirzner, Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University. He has been a leader of the generation of Austrian school economists following Ludwig von Mises and F. A. Hayek.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this work, Kirzner explains how the economic point of view emerged in the development of economic science since the eighteenth century and through it, the concepts of purpose, subjectivism, and rationality. Kirzner's incomparable ability to navigate through the core ideas of economics helps the reader become progressively familiar with the history of the discipline and its definition.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWithin the seven chapters, Kirzner discusses such subjects as the science of wealth and welfare; the nature of economic science and the significance of macroeconomics; and the sciences as human action.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIsrael M. Kirzner\u003c\/b\u003e is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter J. Boettke\u003c\/b\u003e is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the B\u0026amp;T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFr d ric Sautet\u003c\/b\u003e is a visiting associate professor of economics at the Catholic University of America. Previously, he has taught at George Mason University, New York University, and the University of Paris Dauphine.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50328466653457,"sku":"CIN086597733XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51009047560465,"sku":"NIN9780865977334","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ NEW \/ GARDNERS","offer_id":53073429659921,"sku":"NGR9780865977334","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/086597733X.jpg?v=1751265526"},{"product_id":"reflections-on-ethics-freedom-welfare-economics-policy-and-the-legacy-of-austria-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865978683","title":"Reflections on Ethics, Freedom, Welfare Economics, Policy, and the Legacy of Austrian Economics","description":"Reflections on Ethics, Freedom, Welfare Economics, Policy, and the Legacy of Austrian Economics comprises a variety of Kirzners essays on social thought. Kirzners intellectual interest and theories go beyond market process and entrepreneurship: they encompass several important topics that are vital to the existence of human societies. Kirzners work, at heart, is not prescriptive but analytical. His work is not about casting unsubstantiated judgments on modern economics or spouting a blind return to laissez-faire, instead Kirzner starts with examining how markets function, working from the ground up. From these foundations, he is able to explore a variety of domains, such as the nature of economics, the economics of welfare and policy, and even ethical issues. In the words of the volume editors, Kirzner contends that in order to make ethical judgments about a social system, one must first understand the science behind it. In other words, having good knowledge of the principles that govern markets is a prerequisite for ethical statements about them. It is only through a clear grasp of the fundamental concepts of economic science, such as profit, interest, and entrepreneurship, that one can make true statements about welfare economics, the morality of market transactions, and policy issues. The tools that Kirzner developed in his work can be applied to many areas of inquiry. From the impact of governmental regulation on the entrepreneurial discovery process to the role of institutions in sustaining prosperity, Kirzners work shows that the free market is a necessary element in maintaining social harmony and bringing stability to our constantly changing world.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50363526643985,"sku":"CIN0865978689VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50366383063313,"sku":"CIN0865978689G","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51009095926033,"sku":"NIN9780865978683","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0865978689.jpg?v=1750850451"},{"product_id":"essays-on-capital-interest-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865977808","title":"Essays on Capital \u0026 Interest","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eEssays on Capital and Interest\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/b\u003e presents a collection of writings on capital theory that serve both as a discourse in the history of economic thought and as conceptual clarification in one of the most complex subjects in economics.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIsrael M. Kirzner\u003c\/b\u003e is a leading economist in the Austrian School and Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeter J. Boettke\u003c\/b\u003e is University Professor of Economics and Philosophy at George Mason University and the B\u0026amp;T Professor for the Study of Capitalism at the Mercatus Center.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFr d ric Sautet\u003c\/b\u003e is a visiting associate professor of economics at the Catholic University of America. Previously, he has taught at George Mason University, New York University, and the University of Paris Dauphine.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50366370021649,"sku":"CIN0865977801VG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51008818512145,"sku":"NIN9780865977808","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/0865977801.jpg?v=1750947563"},{"product_id":"essays-on-capital-interest-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865977815","title":"Essays on Capital \u0026 Interest","description":"The third volume of The Collected Works of Israel M Kirzner presents a collection of writings on capital theory that serve both as a discourse in the history of economic thought and as conceptual clarification in one of the most complex subjects in economics. This edition explores the notions of capital and interest in light of the controversies surrounding these topics. The first essay in this volume is Kirzner's introduction to the 1996 edition. The second essay was published as a stand-alone book in 1966 and presents Kirzner's capital theory, focusing on multi-period production plans. In the third essay Kirzner offers an interpretation of Ludwig von Mises's view of capital and interest. The fourth essay, written in the late 1980s, is Kirzner's attempt to clarify the difficulties found in interest theory. Finally, the fifth essay deals with Sir John Hick's capital theory in light of Kirzner's own Austrian position.","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"US \/ GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":50371347251473,"sku":"CIN086597781XG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51009016627473,"sku":"NIN9780865977815","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ VERY_GOOD \/ SBYB","offer_id":51328946831633,"sku":"CIN086597781XVG","price":0.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/086597781X.jpg?v=1751298013"},{"product_id":"competition-economic-planning-the-knowledge-problem-book-israel-m-kirzner-9780865978621","title":"Competition, Economic Planning \u0026 the Knowledge Problem","description":"Competition, Economic Planning, and the Knowledge Problem expands on the ideas Kirzner first discussed in Competition and Entrepreneurshipthe role of the entrepreneur and its relation to the determination of prices and the coordination of individuals plansas well as economic planning, the knowledge problem, market-process theory, and the parts played by information, knowledge and advertising. It includes a paper on F. A. Hayeks theory of market coordination and the Austrian business-cycle theoryseen now for the first time in its original English. As a whole, the volume expresses Kirzners understanding that economics cannot be separated from its human element. Competition is a rivalrous process of entrepreneurial activity in which individuals and firms discover, innovate, and outdo each other. Kirzner discusses why this dynamic view of the economy is so important to understand, particularly in the contexts of economic planning and the workings of competitive markets. Over the course of this books nineteen articles and one monograph, Kirzner also stresses another point: though knowledge is present in all economic interaction, it is also dispersed in the economy such that no individual mind can ever centralize it all. This knowledge problem implies, as Mises and Hayek have argued, the impossibility of central planning. 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It is during that long period that Kirzner elaborated his approach further, responding to objections and critics, and offering the world a more systematic understanding of the concept of market process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the words of the volume editors and in contrast with traditional microeconomics, Kirzner's view of the entrepreneurial function in the market process consists primarily in liberating human choice from its deterministic structure by introducing alertness. Alertness to unexploited gains from trade sets the market process in motion. Hence, Kirzner holds a unique place among authors on entrepreneurship theory because of the way he focuses on the essence of the phenomenon at stake and its importance in the market process.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition to Kirzner's essays, \u003ci\u003eEssence\u003c\/i\u003e contains several critiques of Kirzner's work centered on the topics of entrepreneurship, market process, and supply and demand. 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