Frederick the Great (1712-1786) was one of the most successful and controversial European monarchs. He became King of Prussia at the age of 29, which he went on to weld into one of the most formidable powers of Europe. He created a Royal Court that was the envy of Europe, surrounding himself with intellectuals, musicians, artists, philosophers, and in many ways he was the embodiment of the enlightened monarch of the 18th century. He abolished physical punishment, he was the architect of his houses and several public buildings in Potsdam, he dabbled in musical composition, and was a brave and much-feared soldier. Admired and idolized during the years after German unification, he suffered a downturn in his reputation with the cataclysmic defeat of the Germans in 1918. Giles MacDonogh's biography gives us the most modern and fully-rounded portrait yet of a much misunderstood king.