{"product_id":"mutual-aid-book-peter-kropotkin-9781605206639","title":"Mutual Aid","description":"\u003cp\u003e2017 Reprint of 1919 Edition. Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution is a 1902 work by Russian anarchist philosopher Peter Kropotkin. Kropotkin explores the role of mutually-beneficial cooperation and reciprocity (or mutual aid) in the animal kingdom and human societies both past and present. It is an argument against the competition-centered theories of so-called social Darwinism, as well as the romantic depictions of cooperation presented by writers such as Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who argued it was motivated by universal love rather than self-interest. Mutual Aid is considered a fundamental text in anarchist communism, presenting a scientific basis for communism alternative to the historical materialism of the Marxists. Many biologists also consider it an important catalyst in the scientific study of cooperation.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"WoB","offers":[{"title":"GB \/ VERY_GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":49583207186705,"sku":"GOR012209103","price":20.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"GB \/ GOOD \/ INTERNAL","offer_id":50450030657809,"sku":"GOR013956237","price":14.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"US \/ NEW \/ INGRAM","offer_id":51039123013905,"sku":"NIN9781605206639","price":15.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0784\/4072\/6801\/files\/1605206636.jpg?v=1751088696","url":"https:\/\/www.worldofbooks.com\/products\/mutual-aid-book-peter-kropotkin-9781605206639","provider":"World of Books ","version":"1.0","type":"link"}