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In Search of Clusters Gregory Pfister

In Search of Clusters By Gregory Pfister

In Search of Clusters by Gregory Pfister


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Summary

This book has been revised and updated to cover the latest architectures, including new chapters on Availability, non-uniform memory access, and a completely revised chapter of examples.

In Search of Clusters Summary

In Search of Clusters by Gregory Pfister

As Microsoft's much-touted Wolfpack Cluster Server shows, clustering technology has arrived in the marketplace. Clustering is now a strategic direction for Microsoft, Compaq, IBM, Sun, DEC, Novell, and every other large computer company - and their products are rolling out now. This comprehensive, highly-readable guide helps you make sense of clustering in all its forms, not just a single company's offering. Gregory Pfister - one of the world's most respected experts on clustering technology - delivers all the information you need to make critical strategic decisions. He introduces the primary hardware and software technologies involved in clusters, and shows why they have become popular - and will become increasingly important. He presents the background that system planners, purchasers, designers and architects need to make effective use of clustering. He compares different types of clusters and the workloads they are best used for. He presents a detailed comparison of clusters with symmetric multiprocessing -- demonstrating major differences that are often papered over. The book contains extensive new coverage of availability issues, as well as detailed coverage of Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA), the technology at the heart of new offerings from Sequent, HP, Pyramid, NCR and others. Pfister is a prophet with an attitude... - Norris Parker Smith, HPCWire.

In Search of Clusters Reviews

Simon Guerrero ([email protected]) from Stone, Staffordshire UK ,
04/23/98, rating=10:



Learn about clusters without falling asleep


About a month ago I started work on a project running on a small cluster and
involving the Oracle 8 Parallel Server at a low level (writing the Distributed
Lock Manager support libraries for a certain OS). At this point, I'd never used
(or even seen!) a clustered system, and I knew nothing about clusters at all.
Then a colleague loaned me the first edition of Dr Pfister's book. Unwilling
to be over-eager to learn anything out of 'paid' time, I opened the book with
some trepidation, expecting to find the usual dessicated prose and tons of
TLAs. What a pleasant surprise! From the 'legal stuff' at the front of the book
('a kind of garlic'), right through to the bibliography ('I found this paper
almost unreadable'), the author understands the need of the reader to remain
conscious through what is potentially the dullest of subjects and emerge,
slightly surprised ('Did I actually enjoy that?') at the other end. Thousands
of college lecturers have a lot to learn from this man!



The second edition of the book is more a re-write than an update, and just as
packed with anecdotes, humour (right down to pseudo-Paul Simon lyrics - people
were hanged for less in the Wild West), and at the same time, probably the most
thorough explanations of the why/how/when/wheres of clustering you will find in
any book. As the quote on the back says 'This book is what would happen if
Scott Adams wrote a book on parallel computers'... Full marks!

About Gregory Pfister

GREGORY PFISTER obtained his Ph.D. from MIT. He has been an Instructor at MIT, an Assistant Professor at the University of California, Berkeley. For many years, he has been a member of IBM's R&D staff, currently at a senior level. He holds six patents in parallel processing.

Table of Contents

I. WHAT ARE CLUSTERS, AND WHY USE THEM?

1. Introduction.

Working Harder. Working Smarter. Getting Help. The Road to Lowly Parallel Processing. A Neglected Paradigm. What is to Come.

2. Examples.

Beer & Subpoenas. Serving the Web. The Farm. Fermilab. Other Compute Clusters. Full System Clusters. Cluster Software Products. Basic (Availability) Clusters. Not the End.

3. Why Clusters?

The Standard Litany. Why Now? Why Not Now? Commercial Node Performance. The Need for High Availability.

4. Definition, Distinctions, and Initial Comparisons.

Definition. Distinction from Parallel Systems. Distinctions from Distributed Systems. Concerning Single System Image. Other Comparisons. Reactions.

II. HARDWARE.

5. A Cluster Bestiary.

Exposed vs. Enclosed. Glass-House vs. Campus-Wide Cluster. Cluster Hardware Structures. Communication Requirements. Cluster Acceleration Techniques.

6. Symmetric Multiprocessors.

What is an SMP? What is a Cache, and Why Is It Necessary? Memory Contention. Cache Coherence. Sequential and Other Consistencies. Input/Output. Summary.

7. NUMA and Friends.

UMA, NUMA, NORMA, and CC-NUMA. How CC-NUMA Works. The N in CC-NUMA. Software Implications. Other CC-NUMA Implications. Is NUMA Inevitable? Great Big CC-NUMA. Simple COMA.

III. SOFTWARE.

8. Workloads.

Why Discuss Workloads? Serial: Throughput. Parallel. Amdahl's Law. The Point of All This.

9. Basic Programming Models and Issues.

What is a Programming Model? The Sample Problem. Uniprocessor. Shared Memory. Message-Passing. CC-NUMA. SIMD and All That. Importance.

10. Commercial Programming Models.

Small N vs. Large N. Small N Programming Models. Large-N I/O Programming Models. Large-N Processor-Memory Models. Shared Disk or not Shared Disk?

11. Single System Image.

Single System Image Boundaries. Single System Image Levels. The Application and Subsystem Levels. The Operating System Kernel Levels. Hardware Levels. SSI and System Management.

IV. SYSTEMS.

12. High Availability.

What Does High Availability Mean? The Basic Idea: Failover. Resources. Failing Over Data. Failing Over Communications. Towards Instant Failover. Failover to Where? Lock Data Reconstruction. Heartbeats, Events, and Failover Processing. System Structure. Related Issues.

13. Symmetric Multiprocessors, NUMA, and Clusters.

Preliminaries. Performance. Cost. High Availability. Other Issues. Partitioning. Conclusion.

14. Why We Need the Concept of Cluster.

Benchmarks. Development Directions. Confusion of Issues. The Lure of Large Numbers.

15. Conclusion.

Cluster Operating Systems. Exploitation. Standards. Software Pricing. What About 2010?. Coda: The End of Parallel Computer Architecture.

Annotated Bibliography.
Index.
About the Author.

Additional information

GOR013585830
9780138997090
0138997098
In Search of Clusters by Gregory Pfister
Used - Well Read
Paperback
Pearson Education (US)
19971224
608
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
This is a used book. We do our best to provide good quality books for you to read, but there is no escaping the fact that it has been owned and read by someone else previously. Therefore it will show signs of wear and may be an ex library book

Customer Reviews - In Search of Clusters