Preface Chronology Introduction ONE. LOOKING INSIDE 1. Tourists George Dodd, A Day at a Hat-Factory (1843) Harriet Martineau, What There Is in a Button (1852) Lady Bell, The Process of Ironmaking (1907) 2. Investigators Charles Babbage, On the Method of Observing Manufactories (1832) Emilia Dilke, The Industrial Position of Women (1893) 3. Historians Edward Baines, Jr., Inventions in Spinning Machines (1835) TWO. MACHINES AND MANAGEMENT 4. Theory Adam Smith, On the Division of Labor (1776) Robert Owen, from A Statement Regarding the New Lanark Establishment (1812) David Ricardo, On Machinery (1821) Thomas Carlyle, Captains of Industry (1843) Karl Marx, The Factory (1867) 5. Practice George Beaumont, from The Beggar's Complaint (1813) Charles Babbage, from On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (1832) Andrew Ure, General View of Manufacturing Industry (1835) Francis Place, Hand Loom Weavers and Factory Workers: A Letter to James Turner, Cotton Spinner (1835) The Effects of Machinery on Manual Labor, and on the Distribution of the Produce of Industry (1842) THREE. CALCULATING LOSSES 6. Childhood and Domesticity James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth, from The Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes (1832) Peter Gaskell, Separation of Families (1833) Thomas Macaulay, Speech on the Ten Hours Act: Delivered in the House of Commons on the 22d of May, 1846 (1846) 7. Limbs and Lives Richard Oastler, Yorkshire Slavery (1830) Charles Wing, Parliamentary Testimony on Child Labour (1837) Friedrich Engels, from Single Branches of Industry (1845) Henry Morley, Ground in the Mill (1854) John Ward (O'Neil), From His Diary (1860) FOUR. BY HAND 8. The Humanity of the Handmade John Ruskin, The Nature of Gothic (1853) William Morris, The Revival of Handicraft: An Article in the Fortnightly Review, November 1888 (1888) 9. Manual Labor and National Independence Mahatma Gandhi, The Duty of Spinning (1921) Hand-Spinning Again (1921) The Secret of Swaraj (1921) Glossary Contributor's Biographies Suggestions for Further Reading Index