1. STATES OF MATTER ; 1.1 Everything is made of particles ; 1.2 Solids, liquids, and gases ; 1.3 The particles in solids, liquids, and gases ; 1.4 A closer look at gases ; Checkup on Chapter 1 ; 2. SEPARATING SUBSTANCES ; 2.1 Mixtures, solutions, and solvents ; 2.2 Pure substances and impurities ; 2.3 Separation methods (part I) ; 2.4 Separation methods (part II) ; 2.5 More about paper chromatography ; 2.6 The chromatography detectives ; Checkup on Chapter 2 ; 3. ATOMS AND ELEMENTS ; 3.1 Atoms, elements, and the Periodic Table ; 3.2 More about atoms ; 3.3 Isotopes and radioactivity ; 3.4 How electrons are arranged ; How our model of the atom developed ; The atom: the inside story ; 3.5 The metals and non-metals ; Checkup on Chapter 3 ; 4. ATOMS COMBINING ; 4.1 Compounds, mixtures, and chemical change ; 4.2 Why do atoms form bonds? ; 4.3 The ionic bond ; 4.4 More about ions ; 4.5 The covalent bond ; 4.6 Covalent compounds ; 4.7 Comparing ionic and covalent compounds ; 4.8 Giant covalent structures ; 4.9 The bonding in metals ; Checkup on Chapter 4 ; 5. REACTING MASSES, AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS ; 5.1 The names and formulae of compounds ; 5.2 Equations for chemical reactions ; 5.3 The masses of atoms, molecules. and ions ; 5.4 Some calculations about masses and % ; Checkup on Chapter 5 ; 6. USING MOLES ; 6.1 The mole ; 6.2 Calculations from equations, using the mole ; 6.3 Reactions involving gases ; 6.4 The concentration of a solution ; 6.5 Finding the empirical formula ; 6.6 From empirical to final formula ; 6.7 Finding % yield and % purity ; Checkup on Chapter 6 ; 7. REDOX REACTIONS ; 7.1 Oxidation and reduction ; 7.2 Redox and electron transfer ; 7.3 Redox and changes in oxidation state ; 7.4 Oxidising and reducing agents ; Checkup on Chapter 7 ; 8. ELECTRICITY AND CHEMICAL CHANGE ; 8.1 Conductors and insulators ; 8.2 The principles of electrolysis ; 8.3 The reactions at the electrodes ; 8.4 The electrolysis of brine ; 8.5 Two more uses of electrolysis ; Checkup on Chapter 8 ; 9. ENERGY CHANGES, AND REVERSIBLE REACTIONS ; 9.1 Energy changes in reactions ; 9.2 Explaining energy changes ; 9.3 Energy from fuels ; 9.4 Giving out energy as electricity ; The batteries in your life ; 9.5 Reversible reactions ; 9.6 Shifting the equilibrium ; Checkup on Chapter 9 ; 10. THE SPEED OF A REACTION ; 10.1 Rates of reaction ; 10.2 Measuring the rate of a reaction ; 10.3 Changing the rate of a reaction (part I) ; 10.4 Changing the rate of a reaction (part II) ; 10.5 Explaining rates ; 10.6 Catalysts ; More about enzymes ; 10.7 Photochemical reactions ; Checkup on Chapter 10 ; 11. ACIDS AND BASES ; 11.1 Acids and alkalis ; 11.2 A closer look at acids and alkalis ; 11.3 The reactions of acids and bases ; 11.4 A closer look at neutralisation ; 11.5 Oxides ; 11.6 Making salts ; 11.7 Making insoluble salts by precipitation ; 11.8 Finding concentrations by titration ; Checkup on Chapter 11 ; 12. THE PERIODIC TABLE ; 12.1 An overview of the Periodic Table ; 12.2 Group I: the alkali metals ; 12.3 Group VII: the halogens ; 12.4 Group 0: the noble gases ; 12.5 The transition elements ; 12.6 Across the Periodic Table ; How the Periodic Table developed ; Checkup on Chapter 12 ; 13. THE BEHAVIOUR OF METALS ; 13.1 Metals: a review ; 13.2 Comparing metals for reactivity ; 13.3 Metals in competition ; 13.4 The reactivity series ; 13.5 Making use of the reactivity series ; Checkup on Chapter 13 ; 14. MAKING USE OF METALS ; 14.1 Metals in the Earth's crust ; 14.2 Extracting metals from their ores ; 14.3 Extracting iron ; 14.4 Extracting aluminium ; 14.5 Making use of metals and their alloys ; 14.6 Steels and steel-making ; Metals, civilisation, and you ; Checkup on Chapter 14 ; 15. AIR AND WATER ; 15.1 What is air? ; 15.2 Making use of air ; 15.3 Pollution alert! ; 15.4 The rusting problem ; 15.5 Water supply ; Living in space ; Checkup on Chapter 15 ; 16. SOME NON-METALS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS ; 16.1 Hydrogen, nitrogen, and ammonia ; 16.2 Making ammonia in industry ; 16.3 Fertilisers ; 16.4 Sulfur and sulfur dioxide ; 16.5 Sulfuric acid ; 16.6 Carbon and the carbon cycle ; 16.7 Some carbon compounds ; 16.8 Greenhouse gases, and climate change ; 16.9 Limestone ; Checkup on Chapter 16 ; 17. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY ; 17.1 Petroleum: a fossil fuel ; 17.3 Separating petroleum into fractions ; 17.3 Cracking hydrocarbons ; 17.4 Families of organic compounds ; 17.5 The alkanes ; 17.6 The alkenes ; 17.7 The alcohols ; 17.8 The carboxylic acids ; Checkup on Chapter 17 ; 18. POLYMERS ; 18.1 Introducing polymers ; 18.2 Addition polymerisation ; 18.3 Condensation polymerisation ; 18.4 Making use of synthetic polymers ; 18.5 Plastics: here to stay? ; 18.6 The macromolecules in food (part I) ; 18.7 The macromolecules in food (part II) ; 18.8 Breaking down the macromolecules ; Checkup on Chapter 18 ; 19. IN THE LAB ; 19.1 Chemistry: a practical subject ; 19.2 An example of an experiment ; 19.3 Working with gases in the lab ; 19.4 Testing for ions in the lab ; Checkup on Chapter 19 ; ANSWERS TO THE NUMERICAL QUESTIONS IN THIS BOOK ; YOUR CAMBRIDGE IGCSE CHEMISTRY EXAM ; About the Cambridge IGCSE chemistry exam ; Exam questions from Paper 2 ; Exam questions from Paper 3 ; Exam questions from Paper 6 ; REFERENCE ; Glossary ; The Periodic Table and atomic masses ; Index
