John Lockes 1689 Two Treatises of Government is a key text in the history of political theory one whose influence remains marked on modern politics, the American Constitution and beyond.

Two Treatises is more than a seminal work on the nature and legitimacy of government. It is also a masterclass in two key critical thinking skills: evaluation and reasoning. Evaluation is all about judging and assessing arguments asking how relevant, adequate and convincing they are. And, at its heart, the first of Lockes two treatises is pure evaluation: a long and incisive dissection of a treatise on the arguments in Sir Robert Filmers Patriarcha. Filmers book had defended the doctrine that kings were absolute rulers whose legitimacy came directly from God (the so-called divine right of kings), basing his arguments on Biblical explanations and evidence. Locke carefully rebutted Filmers arguments, on their own terms, by reference to both the Bible and to recorded history. Finding Filmers evidence either to be insufficient or unacceptable, Locke concluded that his argument for patriarchy was weak to the point of invalidity.

In the second of Lockes treatises, the author goes on to construct his own argument concerning the sources of legitimate power, and the nature of that power. Carefully building his own argument from a logical consideration of man in the state of nature, Locke creates a convincing argument that civilised society should be based on natural human rights and the social contract.