Chapter 1 - Introduction 1-1 Psoriasis, 5 1-2 Burns, 6 1-3 Langer's Lines, 6 1-4 Fractures, 12 1-5 Degenerative Joint Disease, 13 1-6 Atherogenesis, 18 1-7 Asthma, 22 1-8 Potential Spaces, 38 Available Online 1-9 Myasthenia Gravis Chapter 2 - Back 2-1 Scoliosis, 51 2-2 Cervical Fractures, 53 2-3 Osteoarthritis, 55 2-4 Osteoporosis, 58 2-5 Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis, 59 2-6 Intervertebral Disc Herniation, 59 2-7 Back Pain Associated with the Zygapophysial (Facet) Joints, 61 2-8 Low Back Pain, 62 2-9 Whiplash Injury, 64 2-10 Herpes Zoster, 75 2-11 Lumbar Puncture and Epidural Anesthesia, 77 2-12 Spina Bifida, 83 Available Online 2-13 Myofascial Pain 2-14 Acute Spinal Syndromes Chapter 3 - Thorax 3-1 Thoracic Cage Injuries, 92 3-2 Fibrocystic Breast Disease, 96 3-3 Breast Cancer, 97 3-4 Partial Mastectomy, 98 3-5 Modified Radical Mastectomy, 99 3-6 Chest Drainage Tubes, 103 3-7 Pulmonary Embolism, 105 3-8 Lung Cancer, 106 3-9 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 107 3-10 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, 107 3-11 Cardiac Tamponade, 110 3-12 Dominant Coronary Circulation, 112 3-13 Angina Pectoris (the Referred Pain of Myocardial Ischemia), 115 3-14 Coronary Bypass, 115 3-15 Coronary Angiogenesis, 116 3-16 Myocardial Infarction, 118 3-17 Cardiac Auscultation, 119 3-18 Valvular Heart Disease, 120 3-19 Cardiac Pacemakers, 122 3-20 Cardiac Defibrillators, 123 3-21 Mediastinal Masses, 127 3-22 Ventricular Septal Defect, 136 3-23 Atrial Septal Defect, 137 3-24 Patent Ductus Arteriosus, 138 3-25 Repair of a Tetralogy of Fallot, 139 Available Online 3-26 Hemothroax 3-27 Chronic Cough 3-28 Pneumonia 3-29 Cardiovascular Disease 3-30 Saphenous Vein Graft Disease 3-31 Infective Endocarditis 3-32 Mitral Valve Prolapse 3-33 Ventricular Tachycardia 3-34 Chylothorax 3-35 Coarctation of Aorta Chapter 4 -Abdomen 4-1 Abdominal Wall Hernias, 152 4-2 Inguinal Hernias, 157 4-3 Hydrocele and Varicocele, 158 4-4 Acute Appendicitis, 163 4-5 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), 164 4-6 Hiatal Hernia, 165 4-7 Peptic Ulcer Disease, 166 4-8 Bariatric Surgery, 167 4-9 Crohn Disease, 168 4-10 Ulcerative Colitis, 169 4-11 Diverticulosis, 170 4-12 Colorectal Cancer, 171 4-13 Volvulus, 172 4-14 Intussusception, 175 4-15 Gallstones (Cholelithiasis), 176 4-16 Pancreatic Cancer, 178 4-17 Rupture of the Spleen, 179 4-18 Cirrhosis of the Liver, 185 4-19 Portal Hypertension, 186 4-20 Renal Stones (Calculi), 194 4-21 Obstructive Uropathy, 195 4-22 Malignant Tumors of the Kidney, 196 4-23 Surgical Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, 198 4-24 Congenital Megacolon, 206 4-25 Meckel's Diverticulum, 208 4-26 Congenital Malrotation of the Colon, 210 4-27 Renal Fusion, 211 4-28 Pheochromocytoma, 212 Available Online 4-29 Acute Abdomen: Visceral Etiology 4-30 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 4-31 Acute Pyelonephritis 4-32 Causes and Consequences of Portal Hypertension Chapter 5 - Pelvis and Perineum 5-1 Pelvic Fractures, 219 5-2 Urinary Tract Infections, 225 5-3 Stress Incontinence in Women, 228 5-4 Uterine Prolapse, 229 5-5 Cervical Carcinoma, 229 5-6 Uterine Leiomyomas (Fibroids), 230 5-7 Endometriosis, 230 5-8 Uterine Endometrial Carcinoma, 231 5-9 Chronic Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, 231 5-10 Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding, 232 5-11 Ectopic Pregnancy, 233 5-12 Assisted Reproduction, 233 5-13 Ovarian Cancer, 234 5-14 Vasectomy, 237 5-15 Testicular Cancer, 238 5-16 Hydrocele and Varicocele, 238 5-17 Transurethral Resection of the Prostate, 239 5-18 Prostatic Carcinoma, 240 5-19 Hemorrhoids, 253 5-20 Episiotomy, 254 5-21 Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 255 5-22 Urethral Trauma in the Male, 259 5-23 Urine Extravasation in the Male, 259 5-24 Erectile Dysfunction, 260 5-25 Hypospadias and Epispadias, 264 5-26 Uterine Anomalies, 265 Available Online 5-27 Ovarian Tumors Chapter 6 - Lower Limb 6-1 Deep Venous Thrombosis, 273 6-2 Congenital Hip Dislocation, 276 6-3 Pelvic Fractures, 277 6-4 Intracapsular Femoral Neck Fracture, 278 6-5 Pressure (Decubitus) Ulcers, 282 6-6 Iliotibial Tract (Band) Syndrome, 283 6-7 Fractures of the Shaft and Distal Femur, 284 6-8 Thigh Muscle Injuries, 287 6-9 Diagnosis of Hip, Buttock, and Back Pain, 289 6-10 Revascularization of the Lower Limb, 291 6-11 Femoral Pulse and Vascular Access, 292 6-12 Multiple Myeloma, 298 6-13 Tibial Fractures, 299 6-14 Deep Tendon Reflexes, 299 6-15 Patellar Injuries, 300 6-16 Rupture of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament, 300 6-17 Sprains of the Knee Ligaments, 301 6-18 Tears of the Meniscus, 301 6-19 Osgood-Schlatter Disease, 302 6-20 Osteoarthritis of the Knee, 302 6-21 Septic Bursitis and Arthritis, 303 6-22 Shin Splints, 305 6-23 Osteosarcoma of the Tibia, 305 6-24 Genu Varum and Valgum, 310 6-25 Exertional Compartment Syndromes, 310 6-26 Achilles' Tendinitis and Bursitis, 311 6-27 Footdrop, 316 6-28 Lateral Ankle Sprain, 316 6-29 Ankle Fractures, 317 6-30 Rotational Fractures, 319 6-31 Fractures of the Calcaneus, 320 6-32 Congenital Clubfoot, 323 6-33 Metatarsal and Phalangeal Injuries, 324 6-34 Plantar Fasciitis, 325 6-35 Deformities of the Toes, 325 6-36 Fractures of the Talar Neck, 326 6-37 Common Foot Infections, 327 6-38 Diabetic Foot Lesions, 328 6-39 Arterial Occlusive Disease, 329 6-40 Gout, 329 Available Online 6-41 Healing of Fractures Chapter 7 - Upper Limb 7-1 Glenohumeral Dislocations, 348 7-2 Fracture of the Proximal Humerus, 349 7-3 Clavicular Fractures, 350 7-4 Rotator Cuff Injury, 354 7-5 Shoulder Tendonitis and Bursitis, 355 7-6 Brachial Plexopathy, 358 7-7 Axillary Lipoma, 361 7-8 Deep Tendon Reflexes, 367 7-9 Fractures of the Humerus, 367 7-10 Biceps Brachii Rupture, 370 7-11 Elbow Dislocation, 371 7-12 Fracture of the Radial Head and Neck, 375 7-13 Biomechanics of Forearm Radial Fractures, 377 7-14 Fracture of the Ulna Shaft, 382 7-15 Distal Radial (Colles') Fracture, 382 7-16 Median Nerve Compression and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, 387 7-17 Fracture of the Scaphoid, 388 7-18 Allen's Test, 388 7-19 De Quervain Tenosynovitis, 389 7-20 Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations, 390 7-21 Finger Injuries, 391 7-22 Radial Nerve Compression, 397 7-23 Proximal Median Nerve Compression, 400 7-24 Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome, 401 7-25 Clinical Evaluation of Compression Neuropathy, 402 7-26 Ulnar Nerve Compression in Cubital Tunnel, 403 Available Online 7-27 Trigger Finger 7-28 Rheumatoid Arthritis 7-29 Central Venous Access Chapter 8 - Head and Neck 8-1 Skull Fractures, 415 8-2 Zygomatic Fractures, 415 8-3 Midface Fractures, 416 8-4 Hydrocephalus, 422 8-5 Meningitis, 423 8-6 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, 425 8-7 Epidural Hematomas, 427 8-8 Subdural Hematomas, 428 8-9 Transient Ischemic Attack, 428 8-10 Stroke, 429 8-11 Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula, 430 8-12 Collateral Circulation after Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion, 430 8-13 Vascular (Multi-infarct) Dementia, 431 8-14 Brain Tumors, 432 8-15 Metastatic Brain Tumors, 433 8-16 Trigeminal Neuralgia, 438 8-17 Herpes Zoster (Shingles), 438 8-18 Facial Nerve (Bell's) Palsy, 439 8-19 Tetanus, 440 8-20 Orbital Blow-out Fracture, 443 8-21 Clinical Testing of the Extra-ocular Muscles, 445 8-22 Horner's Syndrome, 446 8-23 Eyelid Infections and Conjunctival Disorders, 451 8-24 Papilledema, 451 8-25 Diabetic Retinopathy, 452 8-26 Glaucoma, 453 8-27 Ocular Refractive Disorders, 454 8-28 Cataract, 455 8-29 Pupillary Light Reflex, 456 8-30 Mandibular Dislocation, 457 8-31 Mandibular Fractures, 459 8-32 Rhinosinusitis, 461 8-33 Nosebleed, 466 8-34 Acute Otitis Externa and Otitis Media, 471 8-35 Weber and Rinne Tests, 473 8-36 Cochlear Implant, 473 8-37 Vertigo, 474 8-38 Removal of an Acoustic Neuroma, 475 8-39 Common Oral Lesions, 480 8-40 Cancer of the Oral Cavity, 481 8-41 Hyperthyroidism with Diffuse Goiter (Graves' Disease), 490 8-42 Primary Hypothyroidism, 491 8-43 Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism, 492 8-44 Emergency Airway: Cricothyrotomy, 500 8-45 Manifestations of Hoarseness, 500 8-46 Nerve Lesions, 511 8-47 Craniosynostosis, 518 8-48 Congenital Anomalies of the Oral Cavity, 518 8-49 Pharyngeal Arch and Pouch Anomalies, 519
