Thoroughly updated in its Fourth Edition, this exceptional resource is the most comprehensive, current text on the physiology and pathophysiology of exercise testing available. It is the only reference to address those disorders that can be diagnosed only through cardiopulmonary exercise testing. In this book readers will find: comprehensive presentation addressing cardiovascular, metabolic, and respiratory responses to exercise - in both health and disease states; principles and rationale behind exercise testing, commonly used testing protocols, guidelines for normal and abnormal values, and tips for accurate interpretation of test results; normal test values for a range of patient groups -including children, over - and underweight patients, and the elderly; more than 80 case histories, each accompanied by exercise physiology results, highlight differential diagnosis by applying basic physiological concepts to real-world examples; and coverage of disorders that can be diagnosed only through cardiopulmonary exercise testing.New to the Fourth Edition contains: new chapter covering regulation of arterial and mixed venous blood gases; new nine-panel graphic array illustrating critical aspects of exercise testing;and updated flow charts to help with clinical interpretation and differential diagnosis.