Acknowledgements Introduction: The First Lady as Symbol and Institution Contributors 1. Martha Dandrige Custis Washington, Patricia Brady 2. Abigail Smith Adams, Lynn Hudson Parsons 3. Dolley Payne Todd Madison, Holly Cowan Shulman 4. Elizabeth Kortright Monroe, Julie K. Fix 5. Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams, Lynn Hudson Parsons 6. Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison, Nancy Beck Young 7. Letitia Christian Tyler, Melba Porter Hay 8. Julia Gardiner Tyler, Melba Porter Hay 9. Sarah Childress Polk, Jayne Crumpler DeFiore 10. Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor, Thomas H. Appleton Jr. 11. Abigail Powers Fillmore, Kristan Hoganson 12. Jane Means Appleton Pierce, Debbie Mauldin Cottrell 13. Mary Ann Todd Lincoln, Jean H. Baker 14. Eliza McCardle Johnson, Nancy Beck Young 15. Julia Dent Grant, John Y. Simon 16. Lucy Ware Webb Hayes, Olive Hoogenboom 17. Lucretia Rudolph Garfiels, Allan Peskin 18. Frances Clara Folsom Cleveland, Rebecca Edwards 19. Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison, Charles W. Calhoun 20. Ida Saxton McKinley, John J. Leffler 21. Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt, Stacy A. Cordery 22. Helen Herron Taft, Stacy A. Cordery 23. Ellen Louise Axson Wilson, Shelley Sallee 24. Edith Bolting Galt Wilson, Lewis L. Gould 25. Florence Mabel Kling Harding, Carl Sferrazza Anthony 26. Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge, Kristie Miller 27. Lou Henry Hoover, Nancy Beck Young 28. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, Allida M. Black 29. Elizabeth Virginia (Bess) Wallace Truman, Debbie Mauldrin Cottrell 30. Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower, Mark Young 31. Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis, Betty Boyd Caroli 32. Claudia Alta Taylor (Lady Bird) Johnson, Lewis L. Gould 33. Thelma Catherine (Patricia) Ryan Nixon, Carl Sferrazza Anthony 34. Elizabeth Ann (Betty) Bloomer Ford, John Pope 35. Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter, Kathy B. Smith 36. Nancy (Anne Frances Robbins Davis) Reagan, James G. Benze Jr. 37. Barbara Pierce Bush, Myra Gutin 38. Hillary Rodham Clinton, Lewis L. Gould 39. Laura Welch Bush, Lewis L. Gould Appendix A: The Siena College First Lady Polls, 1982, 1993 Appendix B: Presidents and First Ladies, 1789-2001 Portrait Credits Index
