Chapter 1 Fundamental Electrical Terms
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Charge
1.3 Current
1.4 Direct and Alternating Currents
1.5 Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors
1.6 Resistance and Conductance
1.7 Voltage
1.8 Voltage and Current Sources
1.9 Electric Power and Energy
1.10 Measuring Equipment
1.10.1 Ohmmeter
1.10.2 Ammeter
1.10.3 Voltmeter
1.10.4 Wattmeter
1.11 Electricity Bill
1.12 Efficiency of a System
1.13 Ohm's Law
1.14 Kirchhoff's Current Law
1.15 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
1.16 Series Resistors and Voltage Division Rule
1.17 Parallel Resistors and Current Division Rule
1.18 Delta-Wye Transformation
1.19 Wye-Delta Transformation
1.20 Short Circuit and Open Circuit
Exercise Problems
Chapter 2 Fluid Power Properties
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Mass and Weight
2.3 Density
2.4 Specific Weight
2.5 Specific Gravity
2.6 Pressure
2.7 Bottom Pressure of Liquid Column
2.8 Viscosity
2.9 Dynamic Viscosity
2.10 Kinematic Viscosity
2.11 Viscosity Index
2.12 Fluid Flow and Continuity Equation
2.13 Bernoulli's Equation
2.14 Torricelli's Theorem
2.15 Young's Modulus
2.16 Bulk Modulus
2.17 Reynold Number
2.18 Buoyancy
2.19 Pascal Law
2.20 Force Transmission and Multiplication
Exercise Problems
Chapter 3 Hydraulic Pumps
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Pump
3.3 Pump Pressure and Flow Rate
3.4 Pump Power and Torque
3.5 Pumps Classification
3.6 Working Principle of Pump
3.7 Rotary Pumps
3.7.1 Gear Pump
3.7.2 Lobe Pump
3.7.3 Vane Pump
3.7.4 Screw Pump
3.7.5 Piston Pump
3.8 Theoretical Discharge of Axial Piston Pump
3.9 Centrifugal Pump
3.10 Velocity Triangle of Centrifugal Pump
3.11 Graphic Symbols of Pump
3.12 Performance of Pump
Chapter 4 Hydraulic Directional Valves
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Control Valves
4.3 Classification of DCV
4.4 Check Valve
4.5 Shuttle Valve
4.6 Two-way Directional Control Valves
4.7 Three-way Directional Control Valves
4.8 Four-way Directional Control Valves
4.9 Actuation of Control Valves
4.10 Mounting of Directional Control Valves
4.11 Directional Control Valves Specification
Exercises
Chapter 5 Hydraulic Motors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Classification of Motors
5.3 Torque of Motor
5.4 Speed of Motor
5.5 Power of Motor
5.6 Efficiency of Motor
5.7 Graphic Symbols of Motor
5.8 Specification of Motors and Applications
Exercise
Chapter 6 Hydraulic Pressure Control Devices
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Pressure Control Valves Classification
6.3 Pressure Relief Valve
6.4 Pressure Reducing Valve
6.5 Application of Pressure Reducing Valve
6.6 Pressure Sequence Valve
6.7 Application of Pressure Sequence Valve
6.8 Application of Two Pressure Sequence Valve
6.9 Unloading Valve
6.10 Application of Unloading Valve
6.11 Counterbalance Valve
6.12 Application of Counterbalance Valve
6.13 Brake Valve
6.14 Application of Brake Valve
Exercise
Chapter 7 Hydraulic Flow Control Devices
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Flow Control Valves
7.3 Standard Flow Control Valve
7.4 Pressure Compensated Flow Control Valve
7.5 Pressure and Temperature Compensated Flow Control Valve
7.6 Relationship of Flow Rate with Flow Coefficient
7.7 Application of Flow Control Valve in Meter-in Circuit
7.8 Application of Flow Control Valve in Meter-out Circuit
7.9 Application of Flow Control Valve in Bleed-off Circuit
7.10 Flow Dividers
7.11 Application of Flow Dividers Valve
7.12 Cylinders Cushioned
Exercise
Chapter 8 Ancillary Components
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Classification of Ancillary Components
8.3 Reservoir
8.4 Intensifier
8.5 Application of Intensifier in a Single-Acting Cylinder
8.6 Application of Intensifier in a Double-Acting Cylinder
8.7 Heat Exchanger
8.9 Filter
8.10 Filter Size
8.11 Conduits and Fittings
8.12 Measuring Devices
8.13 Seals
Exercise
Chapter 9 Pneumatic Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Pneumatic Systems
9.3 Comparison of Pneumatic Systems with Hydraulic Systems
9.4 Absolute Pressure and Temperature
9.5 Gas Laws
9.5.1 Boyle's Law
9.5.2 Charles's Law
9.5.3 Gay-Lussac's Law
9.5.4 General Gas Law
9.6 Compressor and Size
9.7 Size of the Receiver Tank
9.8 Vacuum Pump
Exercise
Chapter 10 Pneumatic System Components
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Pneumatic Cylinders
10.3 Pneumatic Directional Control Valves
10.4 Actuation of Directional Control Valves
10.5 Fluid Conditioning
10.6 Application of Shuttle Valve
10.7 Application of AND Valve
Exercise
Chapter 11 Electrical Devices and Control of Cylinders
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Different Types of Switch
11.3 Push-Button Switch
11.4 Limit Switch
11.5 Pressure Switch
11.6 Level Switch
11.7 Proximity Switch
11.8 Temperature Switch
11.9 Flow Switch
11.10 Solenoid
11.11 Relay
11.12 Magnetic Contactor
11.13 Fluid Power Logic Gates
11.13.1 AND Gate
11.13.2 OR Gate
11.14 Flow Amplification
11.15 Signal Inversion
11.16 Memory Function
11.17 Time Delay Valve
11.18 Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option I
11.19 Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option II
11.20 Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option III
11.21 Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option IV
11.22 Control of Pneumatic Cylinder Option V
11.23 Sequentially Control of Two Cylinders
11.24 Basics of PLC
11.25 Control of Cylinder with PLC
Appendix A Important Mathematical Formulae
Appendix B Answers to Practice and Exercise Problems
Index 