South Africa, like many countries in Africa, is resource rich but the benefits are not shared by the whole population. High levels of unem-ployment are leading to increasing conflict and violence, undermining the brighter future hoped for when apartheid was abolished. The authors set out a proposal to unleash their country's potential for growth in a way that benefits investors and the poorest by reforming taxation - a blueprint for other developing countries. The rapid develop-ment of Taiwan and South Korea in the 1950s and 1960s owed much to a similar, business-friendly tax reform. Governments today tax social ills like tobacco and alcohol to discourage use, but why tax work and investment? The result, the authors reveal, is to make half the country economically unviable, yet economists since Adam Smith have known that a tax on ground rent does not have this adverse effect. As he put it: "Though a part of this revenue should be taken ...in order to defray the expenses of the state, no dis-couragement will thereby be given to any sort of industry." All governments need do is collect the value they create and stop taxing the value created by labour and capital.To achieve this, the authors propose replacing most taxes with land value rentals and, in the case of mining, rolling out the tried and tested gold mine tax formula to the rest of the industry, thus stimulating development and creating more jobs. Such a regime would encourage the owner of land to put it to its best use or sell it for someone else to do so. It would also make viable public investment in new infrastructure projects. These would become self financing, because the uplift in land values, due to the improved amenities, would automatically be captured in higher rentals payable to the government, a kind of virtuous circle.