On Human Nature by Arthur Schopenhauer

On Human Nature by Arthur Schopenhauer

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUERON HUMAN NATURE: ESAYS>A collection of essays from one of the great philosophers of the modern era, Arthur Schopenhauer. The German thinker contemplates subjects such as free-will, morality, ethics, government, character, and the nature of being human. Arthur Schopenhauer is an entertaining author to read, easy to understand, with a sly, dry wit. No need for footnotes or explanations of tricky terms, Schopenhauer's prose style is refreshingly clear. Arthur Schopenhauer was born in 1788 (on February 22nd) in Gdansk and died in 1860 in Frankfurt (on September 20th). Schopenhauer is known for his major work The World As Will and Idea, his philosophy of transcendental idealism, his studies of pessimism, his collections of essays and aphorisms, his incorporation of Eastern religion and metaphysics in his philosophy, and his impressive posthumous influence on philosophers such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Henri Bergson and Oswald Spengler, psychologists such as Otto Rank, Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud, and a host of writers and artists such as Samuel Beckett, Marcel Proust, Rainer Rilke, Andr Gide, Hugo von Hoffmansthal, St phane Mallarm , W.B. Yeats, Italo Svevo, Ivan Turgenev, Robert Musil, Jorge Borges, George B. Shaw, Karl Kraus, J.-K. Huysmans, Edgar Allan Poe, August Strindberg, Guy de Maupassant, Frank Wedekind, Antonin Dvorak, Arnold Sch nberg, Gustav Mahler, Charles Baudelaire, Jacob Burckhardt, George Gissing, Emile Zola, Richard Wagner, Sergei Prokoviev, Leo Tolstoy, Hermans Melville and Hesse, and Thomases Mann and Hardy. European Writers Series. Illustrated. Includes a 16-page biographical sketch of Schopenhauer, and an additional introduction to his work. 144pp. www.crmoon.com>

ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER, the famous nineteenth-century Ger-man pessimist who expanded on the ideas of Plato and Immanuel Kant, wrote accessibly, leading his ideas to resonate with both philosophers and artists alike.

The son of Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer and Johanna Hen-riette Troisiener, Arthur was born in Danzig on February 22, 1788, just one month after English Romantic poet George Gor-don, Lord Byron. A middle-class Dutch family involved in inter-national trade, the Schopenhauers chose Arthur as their son's name because the appellation is spelled the same in English, French, and German. Once Prussia annexed Danzig in 1793, the Schopenhauer family moved first to Hamburg, then Arthur spent much of his youth living throughout Europe, learning many lan-guages. Although his father prepared him to inherit the family mercantile business, Arthur Schopenhauer found that the schol-arly life suited him perfectly. After Heinrich's 1805 death, Johanna moved her family from Hamburg to Weimar, where Johanna, an author herself, befriended the writer Johann Wolf-gang von Goethe.

Arthur Schopenhauer enrolled in the University of Gottin-gen and received his doctorate from the University of Jena in 1813. His dissertation, The Fourfold Root of the Principle of Suf-ficient Reason, explored the philosophical assumption that equates reality with rationality. According to Schopenhauer, in order for one to contemplate an explanation for a particular thing, one must assume that there is a subject (oneself) that thinks about the object (thing to be explained). Schopenhauer built his thesis on the work of Kant, who noted that humans can-not transcend themselves and therefore cannot satisfactorily answer metaphysical questions, and G. W. Leibniz, who first defined the principle of sufficient reason, which states that absolutely nothing exists that lacks an adequate reason for its existence.

Schopenhauer's most famous work, the two-volume The World as Will and Representation, sprung from ideas put forth in The Fourfold Root. Schopenhauer's philosophical inquiries led him to embrace a pessimistic worldview--life is a mean-ingless struggle against the irrational impulses of the will. One could find some solace, however, through aesthetic perception, morality, and asceticism. With regard to the first, Schopenhauer considered artistic endeavors to be the communication of Pla-tonic Ideas, with music as the highest of all art forms because of its instant objectification of the will. Schopenhauer's ideas influ-enced many literary figures--including Samuel Beckett, Joseph Conrad, Leo Tolstoy, W. B. Yeats, and Emile Zola--as well as musicians such as Johannes Brahms and Richard Wagner.

In the early 1920s, Schopenhauer began lecturing at the University of Berlin, purposely scheduling his classes concur-rent with those of G. W. F. Hegel. Schopenhauer strongly dis-liked Hegel and his philosophy; the former felt that the latter tried to make up for a lack of content in his works by ensnaring the reader in meaningless jargon.

Schopenhauer left Berlin in 1831 to escape the threat of a cholera epidemic, eventually settling in Frankfurt, where he spent the rest of his life. By the mid-1850s, Schopenhauer gained the recognition that he had longed for when a review of his philosophical work appeared in the Westminster Review, which connected some of Schopenhauer's thought with that of Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Schopenhauer's health gradually dete-riorated in 1860 until he died of natural causes on September 21 in Frankfurt. New editions of most of Schopenhauer's works began to appear in 1873.

Other works by Schopenhauer include On Vision and Col-ors (1816), On the Will in Nature (1836), The Two Fundamen-tal Problems of Ethics (1839-40), Parerga und Paralipomena (1851), and The Wisdom of Life and Counsels and Maxims (1886).

SKU	Unavailable
ISBN 13	9781861718983
ISBN 10	1861718985
Title	On Human Nature
Author	Arthur Schopenhauer
Series	European Writers
Condition	Unavailable
Binding Type	Paperback
Publisher	Crescent Moon Publishing
Year published	2023-04-10
Number of pages	144
Cover note	Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.