Psychic Warfare by John White

Psychic Warfare by John White

In texts from the mid-Heian to the early Kamakura periods, certain figures appear to be marginal or removed from centers of power. But why do we see these figures in this way?

This study first seeks to answer this question by examining the details of the marginalizing discourse found in these texts. Who is portraying whom as marginal? For what reason? Is the discourse consistent? The author next considers these texts in terms of the predilection of modern scholarship, both Japanese and Western, to label certain figures marginal. She then poses the question: Is this predilection a helpful tool or does it inscribe modern biases and misconceptions onto these texts?