1 Can Science Cure the Common Cold? Introduction to the Scientific Method 1.1 The Process of Science The Nature of Hypotheses Scientific Theories The Logic of Hypothesis Tests 1.2 Hypothesis Testing The Experimental Method Controlled Experiments Minimizing Bias in Experimental Design Using Correlation to Test Hypotheses 1.3 Understanding Statistics What Statistical Tests Can Tell Us Factors that Influence Statistical Significance What Statistical Tests Cannot Tell Us 1.4 Evaluating Scientific Information Primary Sources Information from Anecdotes Science in the News Understanding Science from Secondary Sources Is There a Cure for the Common Cold? Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION How do I know what to believe? Review UNIT ONE Chemistry and Cells 2 Science Fiction, Bad Science, and Pseudoscience Water, Biochemistry, and Cells 2.1 A Definition of Life 2.2 The Properties of Water The Structure of Water Water Is a Good Solvent Water Facilitates Chemical Reactions Water Moderates Temperature The Drinking-Water Hypothesis Requires More Substantiation 2.3 Chemistry for Biology Students Chemical Bonds The Bermuda Triangle Revisited 2.4 Biological Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Dietary Macromolecules and Behavior 2.5 An Introduction to Evolutionary Theory Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Does balanced reporting help us draw more accurate conclusions? Review 3 Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Performance and Health? Nutrients and Membrane Transport 3.1 Nutrients Macronutrients Micronutrients Antioxidants 3.2 Cell Structure Plasma Membrane Subcellular Structures 3.3 Transport Across Membranes Passive Transport: Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Osmosis Active Transport: Pumping Substances across the Membrane Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Movement of Large Molecules across the Membrane Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should I routinely use detox products? Review 4 Body Weight and Health Enzymes, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration 4.1 Enzymes and Metabolism Enzymes Metabolism 4.2 Cellular Respiration Structure and Function of ATP Cellular Respiration Stages of Cellular Respiration Metabolism of Other Nutrients Metabolism without Oxygen: Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation 4.3 Body Weight and Health Body Mass Index Underweight Is Unhealthy Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION How unhealthy is anorexia? Review 5 Life in the Greenhouse Photosynthesis and Climate Change 5.1 The Greenhouse Effect Earth Is a Greenhouse Water, Heat, and Temperature 5.2 The Flow of Carbon 5.3 Can Photosynthesis Slow Down Global Climate Change? Chloroplasts: The Site of Photosynthesis The Process of Photosynthesis 5.4 How High Temperatures Might Reduce Photosynthesis 5.5 How We Can Slow Global Climate Change Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should global warming be kept below 4 DegreesC? Review UNIT TWO Genetics 6 Cancer DNA Synthesis and Mitosis 6.1 What Is Cancer? Tumors Can Be Cancerous Risk Factors for Cancer 6.2 Passing Genes and Chromosomes to Daughter Cells Genes and Chromosomes DNA Replication 6.3 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis 6.4 Cancer Prevention, Detection, and Treatment Tumor Suppressors Help Prevent Cancer Cancer Detection Cancer Treatment Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Can I prevent myself from getting cancer? Review 7 Fertility Meiosis and Human Reproduction 7.1 Producing Sperm and Eggs: Meiosis Interphase Meiosis I Meiosis II 7.2 Problems with Meiosis and Lowered Fertility 7.3 Bringing Sperm and Egg Together Male Reproductive Anatomy Female Reproductive Anatomy Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Does marijuana use impair fertility? Review 8 Does Testing Save Lives? Mendelian Genetics 8.1 The Inheritance of Traits Genes and Chromosomes Producing Diversity in Offspring 8.2 Basic Mendelian Genetics: When the Role of Genes Is Clear Genotype and Phenotype Genetic Diseases in Humans Using Punnett Squares to Predict Offspring Genotypes 8.3 Extensions of Mendelian Genetics 8.4 Sex and Inheritance Sex Determination and X-Linkage Pedigrees Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should there be universal screening for killer diseases? Review 9 Biology of Wrongful Convictions Complex Genetic Traits, Heritability, and DNA Profiling 9.1 Eyewitness Testimony and Complex Genetic Traits Polygenic Traits Quantitative Traits 9.2 Genes, Criminality, and Implicit Bias Studying Nature versus Nurture The Use and Misuse of Heritability Implicit Bias 9.3 Positive Identification DNA Profiling Polymerase Chain Reaction Sounds Right, But Is It? The Big Question Should the death penalty be abolished in the United States? Review 10 Genetically Modified Organisms Gene Expression, Mutation, Stem Cells, and Cloning 10.1 Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression From Gene to Protein Transcription Translation Mutations Gene Expression 10.2 Producing Recombinant Proteins Cloning a Gene Using Bacteria FDA Regulations 10.3 Genetically Modified Plants and Animals Modifying Crop Plants Modifying Animals Gene Editing Using CRISPR in Plants and Animals 10.4 Genetically Modified Humans Stem Cells Gene Therapy Gene Editing in Humans Cloning Humans Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should anti-GMO activists give up the fight? Review UNIT THREE Evolution 11 Where Did We Come From? The Evidence for Evolution 11.1 What Is Evolution? The Process of Evolution The Theory of Evolution 11.2 Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution Early Views of Evolution The Voyage of the Beagle Developing the Hypothesis of Common Descent Alternative Ideas on the Origins and Relationships among Organisms 11.3 Examining the Evidence for Common Descent Linnaean Classification Anatomical Homology Developmental Homologies Molecular Homology Biogeography The Fossil Record 11.4 Are Alternatives to the Theory of Evolution Equally Valid? Weighing the Alternatives The Best Scientific Explanation for the Diversity of Life Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should high school biology teachers be required to teach the controversy? Review 12 An Evolving Enemy Natural Selection 12.1 Return of a Killer What Is Tuberculosis? Treatment-and Treatment Failure 12.2 Natural Selection Causes Evolution Darwin's Observations Darwin's Inference: Natural Selection Causes Evolution Testing Natural Selection 12.3 Natural Selection Since Darwin The Modern Synthesis The Subtleties of Natural Selection Patterns of Selection 12.4 Natural Selection and Human Health Tuberculosis Fits Darwin's Observations Selecting for Drug Resistance Stopping Drug Resistance Can Natural Selection Save Us from Superbugs? Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should I stop purchasing meats that are raised using antibiotics? Review 13 Understanding Race Speciation and Macroevolution 13.1 What Is a Species? The Biological Species Concept Speciation Isolation and Divergence of Gene Pools The Evolution of Reproductive Isolation 13.2 Are Human Races Biological? The History of Human Races The Morphological Species Concept Modern Humans: A History Genetic Evidence of Divergence Human Races Are Not Isolated Biological Groups Human Races Have Never Been Truly Isolated 13.3 Why Human Groups Differ Natural Selection Convergent Evolution Genetic Drift Sexual Selection Assortative Mating Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Are affirmative action policies that favor black students applying for college admission good public policy? Review 14 The Greatest Species on Earth? Biodiversity and Classification 14.1 Biological Classification How Many Species Exist? Domains of Life 14.2 The Diversity of Life The Domains Bacteria and Archaea The Origin of the Domain Eukarya The Protista Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Not Quite Living: Viruses 14.3 Learning about Species Reconstructing Evolutionary History The Greatest Species on Earth Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should lab mice and rats have the same rights as other nonhuman animals? Review UNIT FOUR Ecology 15 Is the Human Population Too Large? Population Ecology 15.1 Population Growth Population Structure Exponential Population Growth The Demographic Transition 15.2 Limits to Population Growth Carrying Capacity and Logistic Growth Earth's Carrying Capacity for Humans 15.3 The Future of the Human Population A Possible Population Crash? Avoiding Disaster Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Should the international community continue to provide food aid to populations experiencing food crises? Review 16 Conserving Biodiversity Community and Ecosystem Ecology 16.1 The Sixth Extinction Measuring Extinction Rates Causes of Extinction 16.2 The Consequences of Extinction Loss of Resources Predation, Mutualism, and Competition Energy and Chemical Flows Psychological Effects 16.3 Saving Species Protecting Habitat Small Populations Are Vulnerable Conservation Genetics Protecting Biodiversity versus Meeting Human Needs Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Is wind power good or bad for birds? Review 17 The Human Footprint Climate and Biomes 17.1 Climate Determines Habitability Global Temperature and Precipitation Patterns Local Influences on Climate 17.2 Terrestrial Biomes and the Human Footprint Tundra Desert Forests and Shrublands Grasslands 17.3 Aquatic Biomes and the Human Footprint Freshwater Saltwater Sounds Right, But Is It? THE BIG QUESTION Can my actions make a difference on global environmental issues? Review Appendix: Metric System Conversions
